1. What is a tetrahedral element used for in FEA?
A) 2D modeling
B) 3D modeling
C) Thermal conduction only
D) Beam structures
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: Tetrahedral elements are 3D elements used to discretize complex
geometries.
2. How many nodes does a linear tetrahedral element have?
A) 4
B) 6
C) 8
D) 10
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: A linear tetrahedron (Tet4) has four corner nodes.
3. A quadratic tetrahedral element has how many nodes?
A) 4
B) 8
C) 10
D) 20
✅ Answer: C
Explanation: A quadratic tetrahedral element (Tet10) includes 4 corner nodes and 6
midside nodes.
4. What shape is a tetrahedral element?
A) Cube
B) Pyramid
C) Triangular prism
D) Triangular pyramid
✅ Answer: D
Explanation: A tetrahedron is a pyramid with four triangular faces.
5. Which of the following is a key advantage of tetrahedral meshing?
A) Best for regular geometries
B) Easy to generate automatically for complex shapes
C) Low computational cost
D) Requires manual element definition
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: Tetrahedral meshes can be generated automatically even for complex
geometries.
6. Tetrahedral meshing is typically used in:
A) 1D beam models
B) 2D shell analysis
C) Complex 3D geometries
D) Simple rectangular solids
✅ Answer: C
Explanation: Tetrahedral meshes are ideal for irregular 3D models.
7. Which meshing method is most commonly used for automatic tetra meshing?
A) Advancing front method
B) Delaunay triangulation
C) Octree method
D) All of the above
✅ Answer: D
Explanation: These are all algorithms used for tetrahedral mesh generation.
8. Which element type is typically preferred for better accuracy in 3D stress
analysis?
A) Linear tetrahedral
B) Quadratic tetrahedral
C) Triangular shell
D) Hexahedral
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: Quadratic tetrahedral (Tet10) elements capture curvature and stress
gradients better.
9. Which software commonly uses automatic tetra meshing?
A) ANSYS
B) HyperMesh
C) Abaqus
D) All of these
✅ Answer: D
Explanation: All major FEA software supports tetrahedral meshing.
10. Poor tetrahedral element quality can cause:
A) Faster computation
B) Mesh refinement
C) Solution instability and inaccuracy
D) Reduced memory use
✅ Answer: C
Explanation: Distorted tetra elements lead to convergence and accuracy problems.
11. What is the ideal aspect ratio for a tetrahedral element?
A) 1
B) 2
C) 5
D) 10
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: A perfect tetrahedron has an aspect ratio of 1; lower ratios mean better
quality.
12. What parameter is used to check tetrahedral element distortion?
A) Skewness
B) Jacobian ratio
C) Orthogonality
D) Aspect ratio
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: The Jacobian ratio indicates element distortion and shape quality.
13. What does a Jacobian ratio close to 1 indicate?
A) Poor quality
B) Highly distorted element
C) Excellent quality
D) Degenerate element
✅ Answer: C
Explanation: A ratio near 1 shows a uniform and undistorted element.
14. Which type of mesh is preferred for highly regular geometries?
A) Tetrahedral
B) Hexahedral
C) Polygonal
D) Shell
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: Hexahedral meshes offer higher accuracy in structured domains.
15. Tetrahedral meshing is mainly a process of:
A) Dividing surfaces into triangles
B) Dividing solids into 3D elements
C) Dividing curves into lines
D) Subdividing edges
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: It breaks down 3D volumes into small tetrahedral elements.
16. What is a common drawback of tetrahedral meshes?
A) Difficult to generate
B) Requires structured geometry
C) Can be less accurate than hexahedral
D) Cannot handle curvature
✅ Answer: C
Explanation: Tetrahedral meshes can give less accurate stress results than hex meshes.
17. Which preprocessing step is essential before tetra meshing?
A) Defining material
B) Geometry cleanup
C) Applying loads
D) Postprocessing
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: Geometry must be clean and watertight for successful meshing.
18. Which algorithm ensures no overlapping tetra elements?
A) Delaunay
B) Gauss-Seidel
C) Monte Carlo
D) Newton-Raphson
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: Delaunay triangulation maximizes the minimum angle to avoid overlap.
19. In ANSYS, which mesher is used for tetra meshing?
A) MultiZone
B) Patch conforming tetra
C) Sweep
D) Hex-dominant
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: Patch conforming tetra mesher is commonly used for tetrahedral
generation.
20. What is a “free mesh”?
A) User-controlled structured mesh
B) Automatically generated unstructured mesh
C) Mesh without nodes
D) Mesh without loads
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: Free meshes are automatically generated and unstructured.
21. HyperMesh is mainly used for:
A) 3D modeling
B) Finite element pre-processing
C) Post-processing results
D) CAD drafting
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: HyperMesh is primarily a pre-processor used to create, edit, and mesh
geometry before FEA.
22. HyperMesh is a product of which company?
A) Dassault Systèmes
B) Altair Engineering
C) Autodesk
D) Siemens PLM
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: HyperMesh is developed by Altair Engineering.
23. Which module in HyperMesh is used to create tetrahedral mesh?
A) 2D mesher
B) Volume tetra mesher
C) Surface mesher
D) Shell mesher
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: The Volume Tetra Mesher automatically generates tetrahedral elements
inside solid volumes.
24. What is the file extension of a saved HyperMesh model?
A) .igs
B) .hm
C) .h3d
D) .fem
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: HyperMesh model files use the .hm extension.
25. Which of the following is a solver interface available in HyperMesh?
A) NASTRAN
B) ANSYS
C) Abaqus
D) All of the above
✅ Answer: D
Explanation: HyperMesh supports multiple solver interfaces such as ANSYS, Abaqus,
NASTRAN, LS-DYNA, etc.
26. What is the purpose of geometry cleanup in HyperMesh?
A) To improve visualization
B) To remove free edges, duplicates, and small surfaces before meshing
C) To reduce mesh size
D) To change material properties
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: Geometry cleanup ensures a watertight model suitable for meshing.
27. Which tool in HyperMesh checks for surface connectivity?
A) Check Elements
B) Edges panel
C) Topo panel
D) Geom Repair
✅ Answer: C
Explanation: The Topo panel is used to verify and correct surface connectivity (shared
edges).
28. Which element type is used for 2D meshing in HyperMesh?
A) Quad and Tria
B) Tetra and Hexa
C) Bar and Beam
D) Shell and Solid
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: 2D meshes use quadrilateral (quad) and triangular (tria) elements.
29. In HyperMesh, which function automatically fixes small surfaces and gaps?
A) Node equivalence
B) Autocleanup
C) Topology cleanup
D) Geometry stitching
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: The Autocleanup feature automatically removes small surfaces, slivers, and
holes.
30. Quality check criteria in HyperMesh include:
A) Aspect ratio
B) Skewness
C) Jacobian
D) All of the above
✅ Answer: D
Explanation: These parameters ensure high-quality mesh elements.
31. In HyperMesh, “equivalence” refers to:
A) Deleting unused nodes
B) Merging duplicate nodes at the same location
C) Assigning material properties
D) Connecting elements with constraints
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: Node equivalence merges coincident nodes to ensure mesh connectivity.
32. The term “free edge” in HyperMesh indicates:
A) A closed surface
B) Unconnected edge between two surfaces
C) Boundary edge of a solid
D) Midside node
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: Free edges indicate open or unconnected geometry that needs fixing before
meshing.
33. Which command displays element quality graphically in HyperMesh?
A) Mask
B) Plot
C) F10 → Check Elements
D) Normals
✅ Answer: C
Explanation: The Check Elements panel highlights poor-quality elements based on set
criteria.
34. What is the shortcut key for the “mask” panel in HyperMesh?
A) F1
B) F5
C) F9
D) F11
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: The F5 key opens the mask panel, used to hide or show entities.
35. The “organize” panel in HyperMesh is used for:
A) Checking connectivity
B) Moving entities between components
C) Editing element quality
D) Running simulations
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: The Organize panel transfers nodes, elements, or surfaces between
components.
36. What is the function of the “project” option in HyperMesh?
A) Projects nodes or points onto a surface or curve
B) Creates 3D geometry
C) Converts 2D mesh to 3D
D) Assigns properties to materials
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: The Project command is used to align or project nodes/points onto
geometry.
37. Which panel is used to create midsurface from solid parts?
A) Geom repair
B) Midsurface extraction
C) Mask
D) Node edit
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: The Midsurface panel extracts a surface from thin-walled solid parts for shell
meshing.
38. What is the purpose of the “check normals” function?
A) To verify the direction of surface normals
B) To find node IDs
C) To measure edge lengths
D) To delete elements
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: Checking normals ensures all surfaces face the same direction for correct
meshing.
39. Which meshing method in HyperMesh is suitable for automatic tetra
meshing?
A) Surface meshing
B) Volume tetra meshing
C) Sweep meshing
D) Manual mesh creation
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: Volume tetra meshing automatically fills a solid volume with tetrahedral
elements.
40. The “Quality index” in HyperMesh is used to:
A) Measure geometry complexity
B) Evaluate mesh quality based on multiple parameters
C) Display node connectivity
D) Apply loads
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: The Quality Index (QI) checks element shape parameters like skew, aspect
ratio, and warpage.
41. The morphing tool in HyperMesh is used for:
A) Changing mesh density
B) Modifying mesh shape without remeshing
C) Checking element quality
D) Creating solid geometry
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: Morphing allows geometry or mesh shape changes while preserving mesh
connectivity.
42. Which HyperMesh feature helps to create mesh flow control lines?
A) Edge edit
B) Washer split
C) Ruled surface
D) Mesh flow
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: Washer split adds concentric control lines around holes to control element
flow.
43. Which HyperMesh module can convert shell mesh to solid mesh?
A) Geom edit
B) 2D to 3D conversion
C) Solid map
D) Volume tetra
✅ Answer: C
Explanation: Solid map converts shell meshes into 3D solid elements.
44. To assign materials and properties to a component, you use:
A) Property collector
B) Material browser
C) Both A and B
D) Solver profile
✅ Answer: C
Explanation: Material and property collectors manage material properties and link them
to components.
45. The “Normals” panel is used to:
A) Flip or align surface normal directions
B) Merge nodes
C) Delete duplicates
D) Smooth geometry
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: Normals panel is used to verify and correct face orientations for consistent
mesh direction.
46. In HyperMesh, what is a “Component”?
A) Collection of geometric entities and mesh with same property
B) Material definition
C) Element quality setting
D) Load boundary condition
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: Components organize geometry, mesh, and attributes within a model.
47. Which function checks for duplicate surfaces or elements?
A) Defeature
B) Duplicates
C) Equivalence
D) Edge find
✅ Answer: B
Explanation: The Duplicates function identifies and removes overlapping entities.
48. What is the purpose of the mask by collector option?
A) Hides components based on their collector
B) Deletes masked geometry
C) Renames collectors
D) Measures distances
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: “Mask by collector” hides or displays entities belonging to specific
components.
49. Which function allows assigning boundary conditions in HyperMesh?
A) Load Collector
B) Property Collector
C) Quality Index
D) Midsurface
✅ Answer: A
Explanation: Load collectors store and manage boundary conditions, constraints, and
loads.
50. Which solver file format is exported when working with OptiStruct?
A) .dat
B) .bdf
C) .fem
D) .inp
✅ Answer: C
Explanation: OptiStruct models are exported using the .fem file extension.
