CLASS 12 ISC BIOLOGY WORKSHEET
Chapters Covered:
1. Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants
2. Principles of Inheritance and Variation
3. Biotechnology – Principles & Processes
4. Biotechnology – Applications
SECTION A: Multiple Choice Questions (1 mark each)
1. Double fertilization in angiosperms involves:
a) Two eggs and one sperm
b) One egg and two sperms
c) Two sperms and two polar nuclei
d) One sperm and one synergid
2. Embryo sac in a flowering plant is formed from:
a) Microspore
b) Megaspore
c) Zygote
d) Ovule wall
3. The law of segregation was given by:
a) Darwin
b) Mendel
c) Morgan
d) Lamarck
4. A cross between F₁ hybrid and its recessive parent is called:
a) Test cross
b) Back cross
c) Monohybrid cross
d) Dihybrid cross
5. Which enzyme cuts DNA at specific recognition sites?
a) DNA polymerase
b) Restriction endonuclease
c) DNA ligase
d) RNA polymerase
6. Which vector is most commonly used in plant genetic engineering?
a) Lambda phage
b) Ti plasmid
c) Cosmid
d) BAC
7. Golden rice is genetically modified to produce:
a) Vitamin A
b) Vitamin B12
c) Iron
d) High protein content
SECTION B: Short Answer Questions (2–3 marks each)
1. Explain the role of tapetum in microsporogenesis.
2. Define double fertilization and mention its significance.
3. State Mendel’s law of independent assortment with an example.
4. Why is a test cross used to determine the genotype of an organism?
5. Mention two methods of introducing recombinant DNA into host cells.
6. What is a bioreactor? Mention its purpose in biotechnology.
7. Write two applications of genetically modified organisms (GMOs).
8. What are plasmids? Why are they used as vectors in genetic engineering?
SECTION C: Long Answer Questions (5–6 marks each)
1. Describe the process of double fertilization in flowering plants with a neatly labelled
diagram of the embryo sac.
2. Explain Mendel’s experiment on dihybrid cross. Derive the phenotypic ratio and explain
the law of independent assortment.
3. Explain the steps involved in recombinant DNA technology.
4. Discuss the applications of biotechnology in agriculture and medicine. Give at least two
examples of each.
5. Describe the structure of a typical dicot seed and explain the process of seed formation.
SECTION D: Application / Case Study Based (4–5 marks each)
1. A pea plant with yellow round seeds (YYRR) is crossed with one having green wrinkled
seeds (yyrr).
(i) Write the genotype and phenotype of F₁ generation.
(ii) When F₁ is selfed, what will be the phenotypic ratio in F₂?
(iii) Which law of inheritance is demonstrated here?
2. Scientists developed a Bt cotton variety.
(i) What gene was introduced?
(ii) How does it protect the plant?
(iii) What are the advantages and concerns of using Bt crops?
3. In a biotechnology lab, a plasmid carrying an antibiotic resistance gene is used.
(i) How will scientists identify the host cells that have received the recombinant plasmid?
(ii) What is the importance of “selectable markers”?
(iii) Name one such commonly used marker.
SECTION E: Diagram / Label / Concept Mapping
1. Label the parts of a mature embryo sac of a flowering plant.
2. Draw and label the stages of microsporogenesis.
3. Diagrammatically represent DNA replication by DNA polymerase.
4. Draw a bioreactor and label its major parts.
5. Draw a schematic representation of gel electrophoresis setup.
BONUS / HIGHER-ORDER THINKING QUESTIONS (3–4 marks each)
1. Why are restriction enzymes called “molecular scissors”? Explain their role with an
example.
2. Explain how co-dominance differs from incomplete dominance using examples.
3. How can gene therapy be used to treat genetic disorders? Mention one success story.
4. What are the ethical concerns of human cloning and genetic modification?
