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The document discusses heat transfer by convection in parallel flow systems, where hot and cold fluids flow parallel to each other and heat is transferred across a metal surface driven by a temperature gradient. It outlines the behavior of fluids in heat exchangers, emphasizing that temperature drop is greater at the inlet than the outlet, and provides key heat transfer equations, including the Logarithmic Mean Temperature Difference (LMTD). The document concludes that heat transfer is less effective in parallel flow due to a diminishing temperature gradient along the flow path.

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7 views2 pages

Here Are Notes

The document discusses heat transfer by convection in parallel flow systems, where hot and cold fluids flow parallel to each other and heat is transferred across a metal surface driven by a temperature gradient. It outlines the behavior of fluids in heat exchangers, emphasizing that temperature drop is greater at the inlet than the outlet, and provides key heat transfer equations, including the Logarithmic Mean Temperature Difference (LMTD). The document concludes that heat transfer is less effective in parallel flow due to a diminishing temperature gradient along the flow path.

Uploaded by

mannuu00
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Here are the detailed notes from both images on the topic of Modes of Feed – Heat Transfer in

Parallel Flow:

Modes of Feed – Heat Transfer


 Heat Transfer by Convection:

o Involves two fluids: one hot, one cold.


o Efficiency of the process is influenced by the mode of feeding.

Parallel Heat Flow – Temperature Variation


 Mechanism:

o Heat flows from hot fluid to cold fluid across a metal surface.
o Driven by temperature gradient (ΔT).
o Assumed to be uniform across heating surface.
 Parallel Flow Definition:

o Both hot and cold fluids enter from the same end.
o Fluids flow parallel to each other.
 Behavior in Heat Exchanger:

o Hot fluid: temperature decreases from T 1 to T 2.


o Cold fluid: temperature increases from t 1 to t 2.
o Shown in Figure 5-7.

Temperature Drop Analysis:


 Greater drop at the left (inlet) end than the right (outlet).
 Heat transfer is faster near the inlet.
 These changes are assumed to occur uniformly along pipe length.

Heat Transfer Equations in Parallel Flow:


1. Basic Differential Equation:
d q=U ⋅ A ⋅ Δ t
o U : Overall heat transfer coefficient (assumed constant)
o A : Heat transfer area
o Δ t : Temperature difference
2. Integrated Equation:
Δ t1 − Δ t2
q=U a L ⋅
ln
( )
Δ t1
Δ t2

o L: Length of pipe
o a : Area of pipe surface
o This accounts for temperature variation along the length
3. Logarithmic Mean Temperature Difference (LMTD):
Δ t1 − Δ t 2
Δ t m=
ln
( )
Δ t1
Δ t2

4. Final Heat Transfer Rate:


q=U A ⋅ Δ t m

Key Points:
 LMTD is used to handle non-uniform temperature in parallel flow.

 If Δ t 1 ≈ Δ t 2, arithmetic mean can be used.

 In parallel flow, heat transfer is less effective because:

o Temperature gradient reduces along the flow.


o Greatest efficiency is at the entrance, least at the exit.

Let me know if you'd like this compiled into summarized slides or tables.

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