PUNE INSTITUTE OF COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY, PUNE

A.Y.: 2025-26 Class: F. Y. B. Tech. Sem.: I

Div.: All Batch: All
Subject: F001– Linear Algebra & Calculus
Module 2: Eigenvalues, Eigenvectors & Diagonalization
TUTORIAL ASSIGNMENT SHEET

Section A
1 4
Find eigenvalues and corresponding eigenvectors of the matrix .
2 3
1
1 −2
Ans. 𝜆 = 5, 𝜆 = −1, 𝑒 = ,𝑒 =
1 1
−3 −7 −5
Find eigenvalues and corresponding eigenvectors of the matrix 2 4 3 .
1 2 2
2
−3
Ans. 𝜆 = 𝜆 = 𝜆 = 1, 𝑒 = 1
1
7 −2 1
Find eigenvalues and corresponding eigenvectors of the matrix −2 10 −2 .
1 −2 7
3
1 2 −1
Ans. 𝜆 = 12, 𝜆 = 𝜆 = 6, 𝑒 = −2 , 𝑒 = 1 ,𝑒 = 0
1 0 1
3 −1 1
4 Two of the eigenvalues of the matrix 𝐴 = −1 5 −1 are 3 and 6. Find the eigenvalues
1 −1 3
of 𝐴 and 𝐴 . Also find corresponding eigenvectors of the matrix 𝐴.
1 1 −1
Ans. 𝐸𝑖𝑔𝑒𝑛 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝐴 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝜆 = 3, 𝜆 = 6, 𝜆 = 2, 𝑒 = 1 , 𝑒 = −2 , 𝑒 = 0
1 1 1
𝐸𝑖𝑔𝑒𝑛 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝐴 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝜆 = , 𝜆 = , 𝜆 =

𝐸𝑖𝑔𝑒𝑛 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝐴 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝜆 = 27, 𝜆 = 216, 𝜆 = 8

2 −2 2
One of the eigenvalues of the matrix 𝐴 = 1 1 1 is 2. Find the other two eigenvalues
1 3 −1
of 𝐴. Also find the eigenvalues of 𝐴 and 𝐴 . Also find corresponding eigenvectors of the
5
matrix 𝐴.
0 −4
𝐴ns..𝐸𝑖𝑔𝑒𝑛 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝐴 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝜆 = 2, 𝜆 = 2, 𝜆 = −2, 𝑒 = 𝑒 = 1 , 𝑒 = −1
1 7
𝐸𝑖𝑔𝑒𝑛 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝐴 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝜆 = , 𝜆 = , 𝜆 = ,

𝐸𝑖𝑔𝑒𝑛 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝐴 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝜆 = 8, 𝜆 = 8, 𝜆 = −8

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 6 Form the matrix whose eigen values are 𝛼 − 2, 𝛽 − 2, 𝛾 − 2 where 𝛼, 𝛽, 𝛾 are the
−1 −2 −3
eigenvalues of the matrix A = 4 5 6 .
7 8 9
Section B
1 4
Using Cayley-Hamilton theorem for 𝐴 = , find 𝐴 − 9𝐴 + 𝐼.
1 1
1
1049 2116
Ans. 529𝐴 + 520𝐼 =
529 1049
1 2 0
2 Verify that the matrix 𝐴 = 2 −1 0 satisfies its characteristics equation and hence,
1 0 −1
find 𝐴 .
1 2 0 1 0 0
Ans. 𝐴 + 𝐴 − 5𝐴 − 5𝐼 = 0, 𝐴 = 2 −1 0 ,𝐴 = 0 1 0
1 2 −5 1 −2 5
0 0 −2
3 Check whether the matrix 𝐴 = 1 2 1 is diagonalizable or not. If diagonalizable, find
1 0 3
𝑃 such that 𝑃 𝐴𝑃 is a diagonal matrix.
−2 0 −1 1 0 0
Ans. Diagonalizable, 𝑃 = 1 1 0 ,𝑃 𝐴𝑃 = 0 2 0
1 0 1 0 0 2
0 1 1
Let 𝐴 = 0 2 2 . Find matrix 𝑃 such that 𝑃 𝐴 𝑃 is a diagonal matrix. Also find 𝐴 .
−1 1 2
4
1 −1 1 −13 27 40
Ans. 𝑃 = 2 −2 −1 , 𝐴 = −26 54 80
1 1 1 −14 27 41
−𝟏 𝟒 −𝟐
Find the modal matrix 𝐏 that diagonalizes 𝑨 = −𝟑 𝟒 𝟎 . Also determine 𝑷 𝟏𝑨 𝑷.
−𝟑 𝟏 𝟑
5
𝟏 𝟐 𝟏 𝟏 𝟎 𝟎
Ans. 𝑷 = 𝟏 𝟑 𝟏𝟐 , 𝑷 𝟏 𝑨𝑷 = 𝟎 𝟐 𝟎
𝟏 𝟑 𝟒 𝟎 𝟎 𝟑
𝟑 𝟎
𝐅𝐢𝐧𝐝 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐦𝐚𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐱 𝐭𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐝𝐢𝐚𝐠𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐥𝐢𝐳𝐞𝐬 𝑨 = . 𝐀𝐥𝐬𝐨 𝐝𝐞𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐞 𝑷 𝟏 𝑨 𝑷.
𝟖 −𝟏
6
𝟏 𝟎 𝟑 𝟎
Ans. 𝑷 = , 𝑷 𝟏 𝑨𝑷 =
𝟐 𝟏 𝟎 −𝟏
8 −6 2
7 Determine diagonal matrix orthogonally similar to 𝐴 = −6 7 −4 . Also find
2 −4 3
the modal matrix.

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 ⎡ − ⎤
0 0 0
⎢ ⎥
Ans. 𝐷 = 𝑃𝐴𝑃 = 0 3 0 ,𝑃 = ⎢ ⎥
0 0 15 ⎢ ⎥
⎣ − − ⎦

Section C
𝟐 𝟏 𝟓
1 Find the quadratic form corresponding to the matrix 𝐀 = 𝟏 𝟑 −𝟐 . Reduce to diagonal
𝟓 −𝟐 𝟒
form by congruent transformation.
𝟓 𝟖𝟑
Ans. 𝟐𝒚𝟐𝟏 + 𝒚𝟐𝟐 − 𝒚𝟐𝟑
𝟐 𝟓

2 Find the linear transformation for the quadratic form 𝐱𝟏𝟐 + 𝟐𝐱𝟐𝟐 + 𝐱𝟑𝟐 − 𝟐𝐱𝟏 𝐱𝟐 − 𝟐𝐱𝟐 𝐱𝟑 which
will reduce it to ‘Sum of Squares Form’ by congruent transformation.
Ans. 𝒚𝟐𝟏 + 𝒚𝟐𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐𝟑
3 Find the orthogonal transformation for the following quadratic form 𝑥 + 4𝑥 + 9𝑥 +
4𝑥 𝑥 + 12𝑥 𝑥 + 6𝑥 𝑥 which reduces it to canonical form 𝜆 𝑦 + 𝜆 𝑦 + 𝜆 𝑦 , where
𝜆 , 𝜆 , 𝜆 are eigen values of the matrix A of the quadratic form.
Ans. 14𝑦
4 Find the index and signature of the following quadratic forms. (Use congruent
transformation.)
a) 𝑎) 𝑥 + 2𝑥 − 3𝑥 Ans. 𝐼𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑥 = 2, 𝑆𝑖𝑔𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 = 1
𝑏)𝑥 + 5𝑦 + 𝑧 + 2𝑥𝑦 + 2𝑦𝑧 + 6𝑧𝑥 Ans. 𝐼𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑥 = 2, 𝑆𝑖𝑔𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 = 1
4 −1 3
Find the quadratic form corresponding to the matrix 𝐴 = −1 −2 0 . Reduce to diagonal
5 3 0 1
form by congruent transformation.
Ans. 4𝑦 − 𝑦 − 𝑦

Express the quadratic form 3𝑥 − 2𝑦 − 𝑧 − 4𝑥𝑦 + 12𝑦𝑧 + 8𝑥𝑧 to canonical form by

6
orthogonal transformation and discuss its nature . Also specify the transformation in matrix
form.
2 2 1
Ans. 3𝑦 + 6𝑦 − 9𝑦 , 𝑃 = −2 1 2 , 𝐴 = 𝑃𝐷𝑃 ,
−1 2 2
𝑅𝑎𝑛𝑘 = 3, 𝐼𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑥 = 2, 𝑆𝑖𝑔𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 = 1, 𝐸𝑖𝑔𝑒𝑛 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝐴 𝑎𝑟𝑒
𝜆 = 3, 𝜆 = 6, 𝜆 = −9, 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚 𝑖𝑠 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑣𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑚𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑒.
Section D

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 1 Compute the PageRank of each page in the following graph.

Ans. 𝐶 > 𝐷 > 𝐵 > 𝐴

2 Compute the PageRank of each page in the following graph.

Ans. 𝐶 > 𝐴 > 𝐵

3 Compute the PageRank of each page in the following graph.

Ans. 𝐶 > 𝐵 > 𝐴

4 Compute the PageRank of each page in the following graph using matrix method up to four
iterations.

Ans. 𝐶 > 𝐷 > 𝐵 = 𝐴

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 Find the singular value decomposition of A = [1 1 1 1].

⎡ ⎤
5 ⎢ − − ⎥
Ans. A=UΣ𝑉 , 𝑈 = [1], Σ=[2 0 0 0], 𝑉 = ⎢ ⎥
⎢ − − ⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎣ − − ⎦
0 1 0
Find the singular value decomposition of A = .
1 0 0
6 1 0 0
0 1 1 0 0
Ans. A=UΣ𝑉 ,𝑈 = ,Σ = ,𝑉 = 0 1 0
1 0 0 1 0
0 0 1
1 1
Find the singular value decomposition of A = .
0 0
7
1 0 0 ,𝑉 =
Ans. A=UΣ𝑉 ,𝑈 = , Σ = √2 √ √
0 1 0 0 −
√ √

Find the singular value decomposition of A = [1 1 0 1].

⎡√ 0 ⎤
√ √
8 ⎢ ⎥
− 0
Ans. A=UΣ𝑉 , 𝑈 = [1], Σ=[√3 0 0 0], 𝑉 = ⎢√ √ √ ⎥
⎢0 0 1 0 ⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎣√ 0 0 − ⎦
√

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