DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE

AND ENGINEERING

SUMMER INTERNSHIP REPORT

NOV/DEC 2025

Submitted By
ABIRAMI K
([Link]: 813822104002)

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 BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the "Internship Report" submitted by ABIRAMI K

(Reg no: 813822104002) is work done by him and submitted during 2025- 2026 academic year,
in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of BACHELOR OF
ENGINEERING in COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, at CodTech IT
Solutions Private Limited, Hyderabad.

SIGNATURE SIGNATURE

Dr. V Punitha, M.E., Ph.D. Ms. R Sugantha Lakshmi [Link].

SUPERVISOR
HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT
ASSISTANT
PROFESSOR
PROFESSOR
Computer Science and Engineering
Computer Science and Engineering
Saranathan College of Engineering
Saranathan College of Engineering
Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620012
Tiruchirappalli,TamilNadu 620012

II
INTERNSHIP OFFER LETTER

III
CERTIFICATE OF INTERNSHIP

IV
 ABSTRACT
The Data Science Internship at CodTech IT Solutions Private Limited, Hyderabad, provided an in-
depth and practical learning experience that bridged theoretical knowledge in data analytics and
machine learning with real-world applications. The internship focused on developing, implementing,
and deploying intelligent data-driven solutions using modern tools and frameworks. This experience
enhanced my analytical, technical, and problem-solving abilities, preparing me for a professional
career in data science and artificial intelligence.

Throughout the program, I gained hands-on experience in data preprocessing, feature engineering,
model training, evaluation, and deployment. I worked extensively with tools such as Python, Pandas,
Scikit-learn, TensorFlow, PyTorch, Flask, and FastAPI, gaining a holistic understanding of the end-to-
end data science workflow. The internship’s structure encouraged independent research, practical
experimentation, and application of machine learning concepts to solve real-world challenges.

The internship comprised four key projects. In the first task, I developed a Data Preprocessing and
Transformation Pipeline using Pandas and Scikit-learn to automate ETL (Extract, Transform, Load)
operations, ensuring clean and structured datasets for analysis. The second task involved building a
Deep Learning Model for image classification using TensorFlow, exploring neural networks, training
optimization, and result visualization. The third project focused on creating an End-to-End Data
Science Solution, from data collection and preprocessing to model deployment using Flask, resulting
in a fully functional API and web interface. The final task was centered on Business Optimization
using linear programming techniques and Python’s PuLP library, applying mathematical modeling to
derive actionable insights for decision-making.

Each task was complemented by code documentation, GitHub submissions, and mentor feedback,
fostering best practices in reproducible and maintainable coding. The experience also strengthened my
understanding of model interpretability, deployment pipelines, and optimization algorithms used in
data-driven businesses.

Overall, this internship was a transformative experience that provided practical exposure to data
science and machine learning workflows. It helped me develop the ability to analyze data critically,
design predictive models, and deploy intelligent systems efficiently. This journey laid a solid
foundation for my career in the field of Data Science and Artificial Intelligence, equipping me with
both technical and professional competencies essential for real-world innovation.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter No Description Pg No

1 About the Organization 3

2 Introduction 9

3 Objective of the Tasks 10

4 Technologies Used 13

5 General Workflow Process 16

6 Design 21

7 Implementation 25

8 Conclusion and Future Work 55

9 References 57

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 [Link] THE ORGANIZATION

CodTech IT Solutions Private Limited is an innovative technology company headquartered in

Hyderabad, India, dedicated to delivering advanced IT services, solutions, and training programs. The
organization specializes in full stack web development, artificial intelligence (AI), data analytics, and
digital transformation, empowering both individuals and businesses to excel in the digital era. CodTech
focuses on bridging theoretical concepts with practical implementation to cultivate an industry-ready
and skilled workforce.

1.1 Company Overview

CodTech IT Solutions offers a wide range of services, including custom software development, AI-
powered applications, and comprehensive training programs. The company is known for addressing
complex industrial challenges through scalable and intelligent solutions such as predictive analytics,
fraud detection systems, and personalized recommendation engines. By collaborating with startups,
enterprises, and academic institutions, CodTech ensures its clients and learners stay competitive in an
ever-evolving technological landscape.

1.2 Vision and Mission

Vision:
To become a trusted global technology partner by delivering innovative, intelligent, and future-ready
IT solutions. CodTech IT Solutions strives to lead the world in technology innovation by fostering
continuous learning, inclusivity, and the creation of cutting-edge solutions that effectively address real-
world challenges.

Mission:
To empower organizations and nurture talent through reliable, customizable, and cost-effective
technology services. CodTech is dedicated to driving business growth, enhancing digital capabilities,
and optimizing operations through expertise in AI, data analytics, and full stack development, enabling
clients to thrive in a digital-first ecosystem.

1.3 Core Services

AI and Data Analytics:

CodTech leverages artificial intelligence and machine learning to deliver actionable, data-driven
insights. Its services include building predictive analytics models, fraud detection systems, and

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intelligent recommendation engines. By integrating these AI solutions into client infrastructures,
CodTech enables informed decision-making, automation, and improved competitiveness through data
intelligence.

Full Stack Web Development:

CodTech excels in developing scalable and efficient web and mobile applications using modern
frameworks such as [Link] for the frontend and [Link] for the backend. The company focuses on
delivering seamless user experiences by combining responsive design with robust server-side logic.
Its projects encompass secure authentication systems, RESTful APIs, real-time data processing, and
optimized performance across multiple platforms. These full stack solutions help businesses enhance
operational efficiency and customer engagement through intuitive digital interfaces.

Training and Mentorship:

Understanding the importance of continuous skill development, CodTech provides comprehensive
training and mentorship programs in fields such as AI, ML, full stack development, and data science.
These programs blend theoretical instruction with project-based learning, interactive workshops, and
one-on-one mentorship from industry experts—ensuring participants gain both technical expertise and
professional readiness.

Consulting Services:
CodTech offers strategic consulting to support digital transformation and innovation. The company
works closely with clients to analyze challenges, optimize workflows, and implement technology-
based improvements. Consulting services cover IT infrastructure planning, software architecture, and
adoption of emerging technologies, enabling measurable growth and operational excellence.

Digital Marketing and E-Commerce Solutions:

CodTech delivers integrated digital marketing and e-commerce services to strengthen online presence
and boost revenue. Its expertise includes SEO, social media marketing, content strategy, and targeted
advertising. In e-commerce, CodTech develops secure, user-friendly platforms featuring advanced
payment systems and inventory management, helping businesses expand their reach and maximize
customer retention.

1.4 Approach to Innovation

CodTech IT Solutions follows a forward-thinking and research-oriented innovation strategy,

integrating modern technologies such as AI, IoT, Blockchain, and Cloud Computing into its solutions.

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The company emphasizes continuous learning, experimentation, and adaptability to ensure its services
remain future-ready and impactful.

Innovation at CodTech is driven by a collaborative and creative environment, where teams are
encouraged to explore new ideas through hackathons, prototype development, and brainstorming
sessions. By adopting agile methodologies and design thinking, the organization ensures user-centered
and efficient solution design. Regular knowledge-sharing and R&D initiatives help CodTech stay
aligned with industry advancements, fostering technological excellence and sustainable innovation.

1.5 Training and Development

CodTech’s structured training programs combine advanced technical expertise with essential
professional skills. Interns gain practical exposure through real-world projects in full stack
development, AI, data science, and cybersecurity. Interactive workshops, bootcamps, and live coding
sessions enhance problem-solving and technical mastery. Additionally, CodTech provides career-
oriented support in resume building, interview preparation, and professional networking, ensuring
participants are well-prepared for industry demands.

1.6 Culture and Values

CodTech IT Solutions promotes a collaborative, inclusive, and growth-driven culture that values
creativity, teamwork, and integrity. The organization encourages open communication and empowers
employees and interns to contribute ideas freely, fostering accountability and innovation at every level.

Ethical conduct, respect, and transparency form the foundation of CodTech’s work environment. The
company embraces diversity and equality, believing that varied perspectives lead to stronger, more
innovative outcomes. Continuous learning is deeply embedded in its culture through workshops,
mentorship, and technical training.

By nurturing curiosity, recognizing achievements, and encouraging personal as well as professional

development, CodTech creates a positive environment where individuals feel valued, motivated, and
inspired to contribute to the company’s vision of technological excellence.

1.7 Technology Stack

1. Programming Languages: JavaScript, Python, and SQL for application development and data
analytics.
2. Frameworks and Libraries: [Link] for frontend, [Link] and Flask for backend, and
TensorFlow and Scikit-learn for machine learning applications.

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 3. Data Management: MongoDB and MySQL for structured and unstructured data, supported
by analytical libraries like Pandas and NumPy.
4. Infrastructure: Cloud deployment and containerization handled via AWS and Docker,
ensuring scalability and consistent performance.
5. Collaboration Platforms: Slack, Trello, and Google Workspace streamline communication,
documentation, and project management.

1.8 Client Testimonials and Case Studies

CodTech’s diverse portfolio highlights its expertise in delivering impactful and customized solutions
across industries. Projects such as AI-based fraud detection and intelligent chatbots have significantly
improved operational efficiency and customer engagement for clients. Long-term collaborations with
startups and enterprises reflect CodTech’s adaptability and consistent excellence in meeting client
expectations.

1.9 Community Engagement

• Workshops & Webinars: Regular sessions on AI, blockchain, and full stack development to
promote skill enhancement.
• Collaborations: Partnerships with universities and training institutes to bridge the gap
between academia and industry.
• Tech Advocacy: Active participation in hackathons, conferences, and technology expos to
foster innovation and knowledge sharing.
• Diversity Initiatives: Programs focused on equal opportunities, mentorship, and professional
growth for individuals from diverse backgrounds.

1.10 Future Aspiration

CodTech IT Solutions envisions becoming a global leader in IT services by continuously innovating

and adopting emerging technologies like quantum computing and blockchain. The company aims to
build a sustainable and future-proof technology ecosystem that empowers industries worldwide.
Committed to diversity, creativity, and collaboration, CodTech continues to shape a forward-looking
digital future through excellence and innovation.

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1.11 Internship Schedule

Date Day Topic

26/06/2025 Thursday Orientation & Overview: Understood internship objectives,

scope of data science projects, and workflow setup. Explored
company guidelines and GitHub submission process.

28/06/2025 Saturday Task 1 – Data Pipeline Development: Created a preprocessing

and transformation pipeline using Pandas and Scikit-learn for
data cleaning and normalization.

Feature Engineering & ETL Automation: Implemented

30/06/2025 Monday
feature scaling, encoding, and missing value handling. Automated
data loading using Python scripts.

Task 2 – Deep Learning Model: Began implementing an image

02/07/2025 Wednesday
classification model using TensorFlow. Collected dataset and
prepared training pipeline.

Model Training & Evaluation: Trained CNN model, fine-tuned

04/07/2025 Friday
hyperparameters, and evaluated accuracy with validation
datasets. Visualized performance metrics.

Task 3 – End-to-End Project Development: Started a full data

07/07/2025 Monday science project—data collection, preprocessing, and exploratory
data analysis (EDA).

Model Building & Integration: Built a machine learning model,

09/07/2025 Wednesday
deployed it using Flask API, and tested local API endpoints.

Model Deployment & Testing: Deployed project to a web

11/07/2025 Friday
platform (e.g., Render/Heroku) and verified API responses with
sample inputs.

Task 4 – Business Optimization Problem: Applied Linear

14/07/2025 Monday
Programming using PuLP to solve a real-world resource
allocation or cost minimization problem.

Optimization Analysis & Insights: Interpreted model results,

16/07/2025 Wednesday generated visual insights, and documented conclusions in a
Jupyter Notebook.

Project Consolidation & Documentation: Finalized all tasks,

18/07/2025 Friday
organized GitHub repository, and prepared comprehensive
project documentation.

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 Code Review & Feedback Implementation: Reviewed mentor
21/07/2025 Monday
feedback, optimized scripts, and improved code readability and
modularity.
Final Testing & Report Preparation: Verified model accuracy,
24/07/2025 Thursday
ensured reproducibility, and compiled internship report with
results.
Project Presentation & Submission: Presented final outputs for
26/07/2025 Saturday
all four tasks and submitted complete documentation and reports
to CodTech IT Solutions.

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 2. INTRODUCTION

The Data Science Internship at CodTech IT Solutions Private Limited, Hyderabad, offered a
comprehensive and hands-on learning experience focused on developing analytical thinking, technical
proficiency, and problem-solving skills in real-world data-driven environments. Guided by expert
mentors, the internship provided in-depth exposure to the end-to-end data science workflow—from
data preprocessing and transformation to model training, optimization, and deployment.

Throughout the internship, I worked with essential data science tools and technologies, including
Python, Pandas, NumPy, Scikit-learn, TensorFlow, PyTorch, and Flask, gaining practical knowledge
of how data pipelines and predictive models are designed, implemented, and integrated into real
applications. The program was structured around four major projects that progressively built upon key
areas of data science, namely data preprocessing and ETL pipeline creation, deep learning model
development, end-to-end data science project deployment, and business optimization using
mathematical modeling.

The experience began with the creation of a data preprocessing and transformation pipeline, where I
automated data cleaning, feature engineering, and loading processes using Pandas and Scikit-learn.
This was followed by implementing a deep learning model for image classification using TensorFlow,
which helped me understand the fundamentals of neural networks, model evaluation, and performance
visualization. In the subsequent phase, I developed a complete data science project, integrating data
analysis, model building, and deployment using Flask, creating an interactive web-based interface to
demonstrate real-time predictions. Finally, I applied optimization techniques with Python’s PuLP
library to solve practical business problems involving resource allocation and decision-making.

In addition to technical learning, the internship emphasized professional development, including

version control using GitHub, maintaining proper documentation, and adhering to coding best
practices. I also honed key analytical and communication skills by documenting insights, interpreting
model results, and presenting findings effectively.

Overall, this internship provided a solid foundation in data science by combining theory with practical
application. I gained skills in processing, analyzing, and visualizing data, building and deploying
models, and solving real-world problems. The experience strengthened my readiness for a career in
Data Science and AI, equipping me with both technical expertise and a strong analytical mindset.

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 3. OBJECTIVE OF THE TASKS

The internship at CodTech IT Solutions was structured around the completion of four major data
science projects, each designed to provide hands-on experience across different aspects of data
analytics, machine learning, deep learning, model deployment, and optimization. These tasks
collectively aimed to strengthen my competencies in data preprocessing, predictive modeling, full-
stack deployment, and decision optimization, offering a comprehensive learning experience in
practical data science applications.

TASK – 1 : Data Pipeline Development

The first task involved developing an automated data pipeline for preprocessing, transforming, and
preparing raw datasets for machine learning. This project emphasized handling missing data, feature
scaling, and encoding, providing a strong foundation in building reproducible and efficient ETL
workflows.

▪ Objective: Develop an automated ETL (Extract, Transform, Load) pipeline to preprocess and
transform raw data for predictive modeling, ensuring clean, structured, and feature-engineered
datasets ready for analysis.
▪ Technologies Used: Python, Pandas, scikit-learn (Pipeline, ColumnTransformer,
SimpleImputer, StandardScaler, OneHotEncoder)
▪ Learning Outcomes:
• Built end-to-end data pipelines handling missing values, categorical encoding, and feature
scaling.
• Learned to automate preprocessing steps to maintain reproducibility and efficiency.
• Developed an understanding of feature engineering, train-test splits, and integration with
machine learning models.
▪ Skills Developed:
• Data cleaning and preprocessing automation
• Handling numeric and categorical features in a unified pipeline
• Model-ready dataset preparation
• Version control and documentation for workflow reproducibility

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TASK – 2 : Deep Learning Project

The second task involved implementing a deep learning model for image classification using
convolutional neural networks (CNNs). This project focused on model design, training, and evaluation,
along with visualization of results to understand model performance and predictive accuracy.

▪ Objective: Implement a deep learning model for image classification using TensorFlow, and
evaluate its performance using accuracy metrics and visualizations.
▪ Technologies Used: Python, TensorFlow, Keras, Matplotlib, NumPy
▪ Learning Outcomes:
• Built and trained a convolutional neural network (CNN) for multi-class image classification
on the CIFAR-10 dataset.
• Visualized training and validation accuracy, and interpreted model predictions.
• Gained insights into feature extraction, activation functions, and network architecture
design.
▪ Skills Developed:
• Designing and training CNN architectures for image classification
• Loss function selection and model optimization using Adam optimizer
• Visualizing predictions and understanding model performance
• Handling image datasets and preprocessing for deep learning

TASK – 3 : End-to-End Data Science Project

The third task involved creating a full data science project, from preprocessing and model training to
deployment as a web application using Flask. This project highlighted the integration of machine
learning models with real-time user inputs and interactive frontend interfaces.

▪ Objective: Develop a complete data science project pipeline from data preprocessing to
deployment of a predictive model as a web application using Flask.
▪ Technologies Used: Python, Pandas, scikit-learn, Flask, HTML/CSS, Joblib
▪ Learning Outcomes:
• Collected, cleaned, and preprocessed a real-world dataset for model training.
• Built and evaluated a predictive model (Random Forest Classifier) for customer churn
prediction.
• Developed a Flask-based web application allowing users to input features and obtain real-
time predictions.

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 • Integrated backend model logic with frontend interfaces for an interactive user experience.
▪ Skills Developed:
• Model training, evaluation, and serialization for deployment
• API development and web app integration with Flask
• Handling user inputs and dynamic predictions
• End-to-end understanding of deploying machine learning models in production

TASK – 4 : Optimization Model

The fourth task involved solving a real-world business problem using linear programming to optimize
supply chain operations. This project emphasized defining constraints, minimizing total costs, and
generating actionable insights through data analysis and visualization.

▪ Objective: Solve a business problem using optimization techniques, specifically linear

programming, to minimize operational costs in a supply chain scenario.
▪ Technologies Used: Python, PuLP, Pandas, Matplotlib, Seaborn
▪ Learning Outcomes:
• Formulated a linear programming problem to assign orders to warehouses while
minimizing total costs.
• Incorporated constraints such as warehouse capacities and order fulfillment.
• Visualized optimized assignments, total costs, and insights for better decision-making.
▪ Skills Developed:
• Mathematical modeling of real-world optimization problems
• Implementing LP solutions using PuLP
• Data-driven decision-making with cost analysis and visualization
• Translating business requirements into computational models

All code, datasets, and project files were managed through GitHub for version control and
collaborative development. Regular code reviews, clear documentation, and structured commenting
ensured high-quality deliverables. The learning process combined self-study and mentor guidance,
with group discussions and timely submissions fostering consistent technical growth. These tasks
collectively enhanced my practical skills in data preprocessing, machine learning, deep learning, model
deployment, and optimization, providing a comprehensive and professional development experience
throughout the internship.

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 4. TECHNOLOGIES USED
4.1 Python
• Python served as the primary programming language for all tasks, providing extensive
libraries for data analysis, machine learning, deep learning, and optimization.
• Pandas and NumPy were extensively used for data manipulation, cleaning, and numerical
computations.
• Python’s flexibility enabled integration of preprocessing pipelines, model training, and
deployment workflows.
• Supported object-oriented and functional programming paradigms for modular and reusable
code.
• Extensive community support and documentation allowed quick problem-solving during the
internship.
4.2 Pandas & Numpy
• Pandas was used for ETL operations, including data loading, cleaning, merging, and
transformation.
• NumPy facilitated efficient numerical computations and array operations required for
machine learning and optimization tasks.
• Both libraries enabled fast data handling for large datasets and supported vectorized
operations for performance improvement.
• Provided easy handling of missing data, aggregation, and grouping operations for data
analysis.
• Enabled seamless conversion between arrays, DataFrames, and other formats compatible with
ML libraries.
4.3 Scikit-learn
• Utilized for building data preprocessing pipelines, feature encoding, scaling, and machine
learning models.
• Provided Pipeline, ColumnTransformer, SimpleImputer, OneHotEncoder, and StandardScaler
for reproducible ETL workflows.
• Random Forest and other classification/regression models were implemented and evaluated
using scikit-learn.
• Supported cross-validation, hyperparameter tuning, and performance metrics computation for
model evaluation.

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4.4 TensorFlow & Keras
• TensorFlow and Keras were used to design, train, and evaluate deep learning models for image
classification.
• Implemented convolutional neural networks (CNNs) with layers such as Conv2D,
MaxPooling2D, Flatten, and Dense.
• Utilized model compilation, training, and evaluation functionalities, along with softmax
activation for prediction probabilities.
• Matplotlib was used for visualizing training progress, accuracy, and predictions.
• Supported GPU acceleration for faster model training and experimentation.
• Allowed modular model building using Sequential and Functional APIs for flexibility in
architecture design.

4.5 Flask

• Flask was employed to deploy machine learning models as web applications.

• Enabled the creation of interactive user interfaces to accept input features and return real-time
predictions.
• Facilitated integration between backend models and frontend HTML forms for dynamic user
interaction.
• Allowed creation of RESTful API endpoints for model inference.
• Supported routing, templating, and middleware for secure and organized web app
development.

4.6 Joblib

• Used for serializing trained models, scalers, and feature lists for consistent deployment in Flask
applications.
• Allowed safe loading of preprocessing objects to ensure consistency between training and
inference stages.

4.7 PuLP

• PuLP was used for linear programming and optimization tasks in supply chain management.
• Enabled defining objective functions, constraints, and decision variables for cost minimization
problems.

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 • Supported solving the optimization problem and extracting actionable insights for warehouse
assignments and total cost reduction.

4.8 Matplotlib & Seaborn

• Matplotlib and Seaborn were used for data visualization, plotting model performance, cost
distributions, and optimization results.
• Provided insights through charts such as bar plots, count plots, and annotated figures to support
decision-making.

4.9 Git & Github

• Git was used for version control to track code changes and maintain project history.
• GitHub facilitated remote repository management, collaboration, and documentation.
• Branching, pull requests, and code reviews ensured high-quality and organized development
workflows.

4.10 Visual Studio Code (VS Code)

• VS Code was the primary IDE used for coding, debugging, and testing Python scripts and
Jupyter notebooks.
• Extensions such as Python, Jupyter, and GitLens improved development efficiency and
productivity.
• Enabled seamless integration with Git for version control and terminal-based execution.

4.11 Jupyter Notebook

• Jupyter Notebook was extensively used for interactive coding, exploration, and visualization.
• Allowed combining code, visual outputs, and documentation in a single environment for
reproducibility.
• Facilitated step-by-step model development, testing, and explanation for reporting purposes.

4.12 Postman & Browser Tools

• Postman was used to test Flask API endpoints, ensuring correct model inference and responses.
• Browser developer tools assisted in testing and debugging the deployed web applications.

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 [Link] WORKFLOW PROCESS

5.1 Onboarding & Orientation

The internship commenced with a detailed orientation session focused on core data science concepts,
workflows, and tools. I was introduced to the key technologies and frameworks that would be utilized
throughout the internship, including Python, Pandas, NumPy, scikit-learn, TensorFlow/Keras, Flask,
PuLP, and data visualization libraries such as Matplotlib and Seaborn.

During orientation, I also learned about:

• Setting up the development environment using Jupyter Notebook, VS Code, and Python virtual
environments.
• Managing projects with Git and GitHub for version control, collaboration, and code
documentation.
• Best practices for reproducible data science workflows, including modular coding, proper
commenting, and pipeline automation.
• Understanding project expectations, deliverables, and milestone-based timelines to ensure
structured learning and measurable outcomes.

This stage laid a solid foundation for the effective execution of all assigned data science tasks.

5.2 Task Assignment

The internship tasks were assigned progressively to ensure gradual skill-building across data science
domains:

• Task 1 – Data Pipeline Development: Focused on creating automated ETL pipelines using
Pandas and scikit-learn. This strengthened my understanding of data preprocessing,
transformation, and loading workflows.
• Task 2 – Deep Learning Project: Implemented an image classification model using
TensorFlow/Keras. This task emphasized model architecture design, training, evaluation, and
result visualization.
• Task 3 – End-to-End Data Science Project: Developed a full ML workflow from data collection
to deployment using Flask. This task emphasized API integration, model inference, and
creating user-friendly web interfaces.

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 • Task 4 – Optimization Model: Solved a business problem using linear programming with PuLP.
This task required defining objective functions, constraints, and generating actionable insights
from optimization results.

Each task had clearly defined deliverables, mentor checkpoints, and submission deadlines, ensuring
structured progress and measurable learning outcomes.

5.3 Research & Learning

Prior to implementation, I conducted systematic research for each task using official documentation,
online tutorials, and mentor guidance:

• Explored data preprocessing techniques, feature scaling, and encoding methods for Task 1.
• Studied CNN architectures, activation functions, and visualization methods for Task 2.
• Learned Flask deployment, API request handling, and frontend integration for Task 3.
• Investigated linear programming formulations, cost optimization strategies, and scenario
modeling for Task 4.

This research allowed me to integrate multiple technologies efficiently and understand the end-to-end
data science workflow.

5.4 Development & Implementation

5.4.1 Data Pipeline Development

• Cleaned and transformed raw datasets using Pandas, handling missing values, duplicates, and
inconsistent data types.
• Engineered features suitable for machine learning models.
• Built scalable pipelines using scikit-learn Pipeline and ColumnTransformer to automate
preprocessing for multiple datasets.
• Ensured reproducibility and modularity for easy maintenance and future model updates.

5.4.2 Deep Learning Model

• Implemented CNN models using TensorFlow/Keras for image classification.

• Split datasets into training, validation, and testing subsets.
• Applied data augmentation techniques to improve model generalization.
• Visualized training performance using accuracy and loss curves, identifying overfitting or
underfitting issues.

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5.4.3 End-to-End Data Science Project

• Developed a Flask-based API to serve the trained ML model for real-time predictions.
• Connected backend endpoints with a simple frontend interface to accept user inputs and display
results.
• Ensured data validation, error handling, and response consistency.
• Serialized models and preprocessing pipelines using Joblib for deployment.

5.4.4 Optimization Model

• Defined decision variables, constraints, and objective functions for a warehouse allocation and
cost minimization problem.
• Used PuLP to formulate and solve linear programming problems efficiently.
• Extracted actionable insights and visualized results to support decision-making.

Implementation Practices

• Followed modular and clean coding standards for maintainability and scalability.
• Used Git and GitHub for version control, collaborative reviews, and progress tracking.
• Conducted integration testing at each stage to ensure the pipeline, models, and applications
functioned seamlessly.

5.5 Collaboration & Feedback

Collaboration and feedback were integral to the workflow:

• Regular mentor guidance ensured correct methodology, adherence to best practices, and timely
resolution of technical challenges.
• Peer discussions and code reviews facilitated learning of alternative approaches and debugging
strategies.
• Feedback cycles helped refine preprocessing techniques, optimize model performance, and
improve API functionality and deployment.
• All projects and scripts were version-controlled in GitHub repositories, allowing systematic
collaboration, branching, and issue tracking.

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5.6 Testing & Evaluation

5.6.1 Data Pipeline Testing

• Verified data cleaning, transformation, and encoding processes for accuracy and consistency.
• Ensured pipelines handled various datasets without errors and maintained reproducibility.

5.6.2 Model Testing

• Evaluated model performance using accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and loss metrics.
• Visualized predictions to identify misclassifications and improve model robustness.

5.6.3 API & Deployment Testing

• Used Postman and browser-based testing for API endpoints to ensure correct responses.
• Validated Flask applications for input handling, error management, and real-time predictions.

5.6.4 Optimization Validation

• Confirmed all constraints were satisfied in the optimization problem.

• Tested different scenarios to ensure solution feasibility and reliability.

5.6.5 Performance & Iteration

• Iterative testing and refinement improved reliability, scalability, and user experience.
• Mentors’ feedback helped implement optimization and error-handling improvements.

5.7 Documentation & Presentation

Throughout the internship, I maintained comprehensive and structured documentation for every stage
of all assigned projects. This documentation covered the complete workflow—from initial data
collection and preprocessing to model building, evaluation, deployment, and optimization. Key aspects
of the documentation included:

• Methodology Documentation: For each task, I clearly described the approach taken, including
the rationale behind selecting specific preprocessing techniques, machine learning or deep
learning models, and optimization strategies. This ensured that anyone reviewing the project
could understand the reasoning behind each decision.
• Code Structure & Implementation Notes: I documented the organization of scripts,
notebooks, and pipelines, providing clear explanations for functions, classes, and modules.

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 This included details on modularization, reuse of preprocessing pipelines, and integration of
trained models into applications or APIs.
• Results & Observations: For every model and analysis, I recorded performance metrics
(accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, loss curves, or optimized cost outputs), visualizations,
and interpretations of results. Insights from optimization tasks and decision-making logic were
clearly highlighted.
• Challenges & Solutions: Each task involved unique challenges, such as handling missing data,
tuning hyperparameters, deploying models via Flask, or formulating constraints for
optimization problems. I documented these challenges along with the approaches used to
overcome them, fostering a problem-solving mindset.
• Presentation Preparation: Detailed presentations were prepared for each project, showcasing
objectives, methodologies, key results, visualizations, and lessons learned. These presentations
were delivered to mentors and peers, enhancing my ability to communicate technical concepts
effectively to both technical and non-technical audiences.

5.8 Final Review & Reflection

• Mentors provided comprehensive feedback on each task, highlighting effective preprocessing

pipelines, accurate deep learning models, robust deployment practices, and optimized business
solutions.
• Learned to approach problems methodically, integrate multiple technologies effectively, and
maintain professional coding standards.
• Gained hands-on experience in end-to-end data science workflows, from raw data to actionable
insights and deployed applications.
• Developed critical skills in research, problem-solving, model deployment, and optimization
techniques.

Reflection: This internship significantly strengthened my technical foundation in data science,

machine learning, deep learning, and optimization. It also enhanced collaboration, workflow
management, and professional development, laying a strong foundation for a career in data-driven
problem-solving and analytics.

20
 [Link]

6.1 Task 1: Data Pipeline Development Design Process

Objective:
Develop a robust ETL (Extract, Transform, Load) pipeline that automates data preprocessing,
transformation, and loading for diverse datasets, ensuring data quality, consistency, and readiness for
downstream analysis or machine learning tasks.

Development Process:

1. Pipeline Structuring: The pipeline was designed using Python and modular functions for each
step—data loading, cleaning, transformation, and saving. Proper function naming and
docstrings ensured maintainability.

2. Data Cleaning: Implemented handling of missing values, duplicates, and inconsistent data
formats using pandas and SimpleImputer. The design included conditional preprocessing steps
for categorical and numerical features.

3. Feature Transformation: Applied normalization, scaling, and one-hot encoding where

necessary using scikit-learn transformers. ColumnTransformer and Pipeline were used for a
clean, repeatable workflow.

4. Automation: The ETL pipeline automated the sequence of operations, allowing any new
dataset to pass through the same preprocessing logic without manual intervention.

5. Testing & Validation: Pipeline output was validated against sample data, checking for correct
transformations, missing values, and consistency. Unit tests were written for critical functions
to ensure reliability.

Outcome:
A fully functional ETL pipeline capable of handling diverse datasets with automated preprocessing,
transformation, and loading. The design emphasized scalability, automation, and maintainability,
serving as a solid foundation for downstream data analysis and machine learning tasks.

21
6.2 Task 2: Deep Learning Model Development Design Process

Objective:
Develop a deep learning model for image classification or natural language processing that can
accurately analyze input data, provide predictions, and generate insights with visualizations for
performance evaluation.

Development Process:

1. Data Preparation: Input data was preprocessed using normalization, resizing, tokenization
(for NLP), and train-test splitting. Data augmentation was applied to enhance model
generalization.

2. Model Architecture: Implemented using TensorFlow/Keras or PyTorch, the architecture was

modular with clearly defined layers, activation functions, and regularization techniques to
prevent overfitting.

3. Training Workflow: Optimizers, learning rate schedules, and callbacks such as early stopping
and checkpointing were configured for efficient model training.

4. Evaluation & Visualization: Performance metrics (accuracy, F1-score, loss curves) were
visualized using Matplotlib or Seaborn to interpret training progress and model effectiveness.

5. Hyperparameter Tuning: Systematic experimentation with parameters like batch size,

learning rate, and number of layers was performed to optimize model performance.

Outcome:
A functional deep learning model capable of accurate predictions on new data, with automated
preprocessing, effective training, and visual evaluation. The project strengthened practical skills in
neural network design, data preprocessing, model optimization, and performance interpretation.

22
6.3 Task 3: End-to-End Data Science Project Design Process

Objective:
Develop a complete data science project covering all stages—from raw data collection and
preprocessing to model development, evaluation, and deployment—accessible via a web API or web
application using Flask or FastAPI. The goal was to create a functional, user-friendly system capable
of generating actionable insights from new data inputs.

Development Process:

1. Data Collection & Cleaning: Collected datasets from public sources or simulated inputs.
Applied ETL pipeline principles for preprocessing, including missing value handling, outlier
detection, and feature engineering.

2. Model Development: Built and trained a predictive or classification model using Python ML
libraries (scikit-learn, TensorFlow). Emphasis was on modular and reusable code.

3. API & Deployment: Designed a Flask/FastAPI backend to serve model predictions.

Implemented endpoints for input validation, prediction, and response formatting.

4. Frontend Integration: Created a minimal web interface using HTML, CSS, and JavaScript
for users to interact with the deployed model. Input forms and result display areas were
responsive and user-friendly.

5. Testing & Validation: Conducted end-to-end testing of the API and frontend, checking input-
output consistency, error handling, and performance under multiple requests.

Outcome:
Delivered a fully functional data science application capable of producing predictions or insights from
new data inputs. This task strengthened hands-on skills in data preprocessing, model development,
API deployment, and integrating frontend-backend workflows, offering complete exposure to real-
world data science project implementation.

23
6.4 Task 4: Optimization Model Development Design Process

Objective:
Design and implement an optimization model to solve a real-world business problem, such as resource
allocation, cost reduction, or decision-making efficiency, using linear programming or other
optimization techniques.

Development Process:

1. Problem Definition: Defined decision variables, objective function, and constraints clearly
using mathematical and business logic.

2. Modeling with PuLP: Built the linear programming or optimization model in Python using
PuLP, ensuring constraints and objectives were accurately represented.

3. Solution Computation: Used solver functions to compute optimal solutions. Sensitivity

analysis was performed to evaluate the effect of parameter changes.

4. Visualization & Insights: Results were visualized using charts and tables to convey actionable
recommendations clearly to stakeholders.

5. Testing & Scenario Analysis: Tested the model under different scenarios and constraints to
ensure robustness, scalability, and reliability of the optimization framework.

Outcome:
Delivered a robust and efficient optimization model that provided actionable insights for business
decision-making. This task enhanced skills in mathematical modeling, problem-solving, Python-based
optimization, data analysis, and result interpretation, simulating a real-world analytics workflow in a
professional environment.

24
 [Link]

7.1 Task 1: Data Pipeline Development

Create A Pipeline For Data Preprocessing, Transformation, And Loading Using Tools Like Pandas
And Scikit-learn

Code:

import pandas as pd
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
from [Link] import Pipeline
from [Link] import ColumnTransformer
from [Link] import SimpleImputer
from [Link] import OneHotEncoder, StandardScaler
from [Link] import RandomForestRegressor
from [Link] import mean_squared_error
# Step 1: Load dataset
file_path = r'D:\[Link]'
df = pd.read_csv(file_path)
print([Link]())
# Step 2: Define target and features
target = 'Aggregate rating'
X = [Link](columns=[target])
y = df[target]
# Drop uninformative columns
X = [Link](columns=['Restaurant ID', 'Restaurant Name', 'Address', 'Locality Verbose'],
errors='ignore')
# Print columns after dropping
print("Columns after dropping:", [Link]())
# Identify numeric and categorical features
numeric_features = ['Longitude', 'Latitude', 'Price range', 'Votes']
categorical_features = [col for col in [Link] if col not in numeric_features]
print("Numeric features:", numeric_features)
print("Categorical features:", categorical_features)

25
# Step 3: Define transformers
numeric_transformer = Pipeline(steps=[
('imputer', SimpleImputer(strategy='mean')),
('scaler', StandardScaler())
])
categorical_transformer = Pipeline(steps=[
('imputer', SimpleImputer(strategy='most_frequent')),
('onehot', OneHotEncoder(handle_unknown='ignore'))
])
# Combine transformers
preprocessor = ColumnTransformer(transformers=[
('num', numeric_transformer, numeric_features),
('cat', categorical_transformer, categorical_features)
])
# Step 4: Split dataset
X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(X, y, test_size=0.2, random_state=42)
# Step 5: Build full pipeline
pipeline = Pipeline(steps=[
('preprocessor', preprocessor),
('model', RandomForestRegressor(random_state=42))
])
# Step 6: Train model
[Link](X_train, y_train)
print("\n Pipeline trained successfully.")
# Step 7: Evaluate model
y_pred = [Link](X_test)
mse = mean_squared_error(y_test, y_pred)
print(f" Mean Squared Error: {mse:.4f}")
# Step 8: Extract transformed datasets
preprocessor = pipeline.named_steps['preprocessor']
# Transform training data
X_train_transformed = [Link](X_train)

26
# Transform test data
X_test_transformed = [Link](X_test)
# Convert sparse matrix to dense if needed
if hasattr(X_train_transformed, "toarray"):
X_train_transformed = X_train_transformed.toarray()
X_test_transformed = X_test_transformed.toarray()
# Get feature names after preprocessing
feature_names = preprocessor.get_feature_names_out()
# Create DataFrames
X_train_transformed_df = [Link](X_train_transformed, columns=feature_names)
X_test_transformed_df = [Link](X_test_transformed, columns=feature_names)
# Step 9: Display and save results
print("\n Transformed Training Dataset Preview:")
print(X_train_transformed_df.head())
print("\n Transformed Test Dataset Preview:")
print(X_test_transformed_df.head())
train_output_path = r'D:\Transformed_Train_Dataset.csv'
test_output_path = r'D:\Transformed_Test_Dataset.csv'
X_train_transformed_df.to_csv(train_output_path, index=False)
X_test_transformed_df.to_csv(test_output_path, index=False)
print(f"\n Transformed training dataset saved to: {train_output_path}")

print(f" Transformed test dataset saved to: {test_output_path}")

# Print head and tail of transformed datasets
print("\n Transformed Training Dataset (Head):")
print(X_train_transformed_df.head())
print("\n Transformed Training Dataset (Tail):")
print(X_train_transformed_df.tail())
print("\n Transformed Test Dataset (Head):")
print(X_test_transformed_df.head())
print("\n Transformed Test Dataset (Tail):")
print(X_test_transformed_df.tail())

27
Output:

28
7.2 Task 2: Deep Learning Model

Implement a deep learning model for image classification or natural language processing using
tensorflow or pytorch

Code:

import tensorflow as tf
from [Link] import layers, models
import [Link] as plt
import numpy as np
# Load the CIFAR-10 dataset
(x_train, y_train), (x_test, y_test) = [Link].cifar10.load_data()
# Normalize the image data to [0, 1]
x_train = x_train / 255.0
x_test = x_test / 255.0
# Class labels
class_names = ['airplane', 'automobile', 'bird', 'cat', 'deer',
'dog', 'frog', 'horse', 'ship', 'truck']
# Check the shape
print(f"x_train shape: {x_train.shape}, y_train shape: {y_train.shape}")
[Link](figsize=(8, 8))
for i in range(9):
[Link](3, 3, i + 1)
[Link](x_train[i])
[Link](class_names[y_train[i][0]])
[Link]('off')
plt.tight_layout()
[Link]()
# Build a CNN model
model = [Link]([
layers.Conv2D(32, (3, 3), activation='relu', input_shape=(32, 32, 3)),
layers.MaxPooling2D((2, 2)),

29
 layers.Conv2D(64, (3, 3), activation='relu'),
layers.MaxPooling2D((2, 2)),
layers.Conv2D(64, (3, 3), activation='relu'),
[Link](),
[Link](64, activation='relu'),
[Link](10) # Output layer for 10 classes
])
# Display the model architecture
[Link]()
# Compile the model
[Link](optimizer='adam',
loss=[Link](from_logits=True),
metrics=['accuracy'])
# Train the model
history = [Link](x_train, y_train,
epochs=10,
batch_size=64,
validation_data=(x_test, y_test))
# Evaluate on the test set
test_loss, test_acc = [Link](x_test, y_test, verbose=2)
print(f"\nTest Accuracy: {test_acc:.4f}")
# Plot accuracy over epochs
[Link]([Link]['accuracy'], label='Train Accuracy')
[Link]([Link]['val_accuracy'], label='Val Accuracy')
[Link]('Epoch')
[Link]('Accuracy')
[Link]('Training vs Validation Accuracy')
[Link](loc='lower right')
[Link](True)
[Link]()
# Create a model that includes a softmax layer for prediction probabilities
probability_model = [Link]([

30
 model,
[Link]()
])
# Get predictions
predictions = probability_model.predict(x_test)
# Display 5 test images with predicted and actual labels
[Link](figsize=(10, 5))
for i in range(5):
[Link](1, 5, i + 1)
[Link](x_test[i])
pred_label = class_names[[Link](predictions[i])]
true_label = class_names[y_test[i][0]]
color = 'green' if pred_label == true_label else 'red'
[Link](f"P: {pred_label}\nT: {true_label}", color=color)
[Link]('off')
plt.tight_layout()
[Link]()

31
Output:

32
33
34
7.3 Task 3: End-to-End Data Science Project

Develop a full data science project, from data collection and preprocessing to model deployment using
flask or fastapi.

Code:

[Link]
from flask import Flask, request, jsonify, render_template
import joblib
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
# Load model and tools
model = [Link]('churn_model.pkl')
scaler = [Link]('[Link]')
features = [Link]('[Link]')
app = Flask(__name__)
# Categorical column encodings (same order as during training)
categorical_mappings = {
"gender": {"Female": 0, "Male": 1},
"Partner": {"No": 0, "Yes": 1},
"Dependents": {"No": 0, "Yes": 1},
"PhoneService": {"No": 0, "Yes": 1},
"MultipleLines": {"No": 0, "Yes": 1, "No phone service": 2},
"InternetService": {"DSL": 0, "Fiber optic": 1, "No": 2},
"OnlineSecurity": {"No": 0, "Yes": 1, "No internet service": 2},
"OnlineBackup": {"No": 0, "Yes": 1, "No internet service": 2},
"DeviceProtection": {"No": 0, "Yes": 1, "No internet service": 2},
"TechSupport": {"No": 0, "Yes": 1, "No internet service": 2},
"StreamingTV": {"No": 0, "Yes": 1, "No internet service": 2},
"StreamingMovies": {"No": 0, "Yes": 1, "No internet service": 2},
"Contract": {"Month-to-month": 0, "One year": 1, "Two year": 2},
"PaperlessBilling": {"No": 0, "Yes": 1},
"PaymentMethod": {

35
 "Electronic check": 0,
"Mailed check": 1,
"Bank transfer (automatic)": 2,
"Credit card (automatic)": 3
}
}
@[Link]('/')
def home():
return render_template('[Link]')
@[Link]('/predict', methods=['POST'])
def predict():
try:
# Get data from form
data = dict([Link])
# Convert numeric fields
for col in ['SeniorCitizen', 'tenure', 'MonthlyCharges', 'TotalCharges']:
data[col] = float(data[col])
# Encode categorical fields
for col, mapping in categorical_mappings.items():
data[col] = mapping[data[col]]
# Convert to DataFrame
df = [Link]([data])[features]
# Scale and predict
scaled = [Link](df)
prediction = [Link](scaled)[0]
result = 'Churn' if prediction == 1 else 'No Churn'
return render_template('[Link]', prediction_text=f'Prediction: {result}')
except Exception as e:
return render_template('[Link]', prediction_text=f'Error: {str(e)}')
if __name__ == '__main__':
[Link](debug=True)

36
test_request.py
import requests
import json
url = '[Link]
data = {
"gender": 0,
"SeniorCitizen": 0,
"Partner": 1,
"Dependents": 0,
"tenure": 5,
"PhoneService": 1,
"MultipleLines": 0,
"InternetService": 1,
"OnlineSecurity": 1,
"OnlineBackup": 0,
"DeviceProtection": 1,
"TechSupport": 0,
"StreamingTV": 1,
"StreamingMovies": 0,
"Contract": 0,
"PaperlessBilling": 1,
"PaymentMethod": 2,
"MonthlyCharges": 70.35,
"TotalCharges": 350.5
}
response = [Link](url, json=data)
print([Link]())

37
train_model.py

import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
from [Link] import LabelEncoder, StandardScaler
from [Link] import RandomForestClassifier
from [Link] import accuracy_score, classification_report
import joblib
# Load dataset
file_path = r'D:\Telco Customer [Link]'
df = pd.read_csv(file_path)
print([Link]())
# Drop customerID column
[Link]('customerID', axis=1, inplace=True)
# Convert TotalCharges to numeric
df['TotalCharges'] = pd.to_numeric(df['TotalCharges'], errors='coerce')
df['TotalCharges'].fillna(df['TotalCharges'].median(), inplace=True)
# Encode target
df['Churn'] = df['Churn'].map({'Yes': 1, 'No': 0})
# Encode categorical features
cat_cols = df.select_dtypes(include='object').columns
for col in cat_cols:
le = LabelEncoder()
df[col] = le.fit_transform(df[col])
# Features and target
X = [Link]('Churn', axis=1)
y = df['Churn']
# Scaling
scaler = StandardScaler()
X_scaled = scaler.fit_transform(X)
# Split data
X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(X_scaled, y, test_size=0.2, random_state=42)

38
# Train model
model = RandomForestClassifier(n_estimators=100, random_state=42)
[Link](X_train, y_train)
# Evaluate
y_pred = [Link](X_test)
print("Accuracy:", accuracy_score(y_test, y_pred))
print("Classification Report:\n", classification_report(y_test, y_pred))
# Save model and scaler
[Link](model, 'churn_model.pkl')
[Link](scaler, '[Link]')
[Link]([Link](), '[Link]')
[Link]
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Telco Churn Prediction</title>
<style>
body {
background: #f5f6fa;
font-family: Arial, sans-serif;
color: #333;
text-align: center;
}
.container {
width: 600px;
margin: 50px auto;
background: #fff;
padding: 20px;
border-radius: 15px;
box-shadow: 0 0 15px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
}
input, select {

39
 width: 80%;
padding: 10px;
margin: 8px 0;
border: 1px solid #ccc;
border-radius: 8px;
}
button {
background: #3498db;
color: white;
padding: 10px 20px;
border: none;
border-radius: 10px;
cursor: pointer;
}
button:hover {
background: #2980b9;
}
h2 {
color: #2c3e50;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<h2> Telco Customer Churn Prediction</h2>
<form method="POST" action="/predict">
<input type="text" name="gender" placeholder="Gender (Male/Female)" required><br>
<input type="number" name="SeniorCitizen" placeholder="SeniorCitizen (0/1)" required><br>
<input type="text" name="Partner" placeholder="Partner (Yes/No)" required><br>
<input type="text" name="Dependents" placeholder="Dependents (Yes/No)" required><br>
<input type="number" name="tenure" placeholder="Tenure (in months)" required><br>
<input type="text" name="PhoneService" placeholder="PhoneService (Yes/No)" required><br>

40
 <input type="text" name="MultipleLines" placeholder="MultipleLines (Yes/No/No phone
service)" required><br>
<input type="text" name="InternetService" placeholder="InternetService (DSL/Fiber optic/No)"
required><br>
<input type="text" name="OnlineSecurity" placeholder="OnlineSecurity (Yes/No/No internet
service)" required><br>
<input type="text" name="OnlineBackup" placeholder="OnlineBackup (Yes/No/No internet
service)" required><br>
<input type="text" name="DeviceProtection" placeholder="DeviceProtection (Yes/No/No internet
service)" required><br>
<input type="text" name="TechSupport" placeholder="TechSupport (Yes/No/No internet service)"
required><br>
<input type="text" name="StreamingTV" placeholder="StreamingTV (Yes/No/No internet
service)" required><br>
<input type="text" name="StreamingMovies" placeholder="StreamingMovies (Yes/No/No
internet service)" required><br>
<input type="text" name="Contract" placeholder="Contract (Month-to-month/One year/Two
year)" required><br>
<input type="text" name="PaperlessBilling" placeholder="PaperlessBilling (Yes/No)"
required><br>
<input type="text" name="PaymentMethod" placeholder="PaymentMethod (Electronic
check/Mailed check/Bank transfer (automatic)/Credit card (automatic))" required><br>
<input type="number" step="0.01" name="MonthlyCharges" placeholder="MonthlyCharges"
required><br>
<input type="number" step="0.01" name="TotalCharges" placeholder="TotalCharges"
required><br>
<button type="submit">Predict</button>
</form>
{% if prediction_text %}
<h3 style="margin-top:20px;">{{ prediction_text }}</h3>
{% endif %}
</div>
</body>
</html>
[Link]

body {

41
 font-family: 'Segoe UI', Tahoma, Geneva, Verdana, sans-serif;
background: linear-gradient(to right, #e3f2fd, #ffffff);
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
}
.container {
width: 80%;
margin: 40px auto;
background: #fff;
padding: 30px;
border-radius: 15px;
box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
}
h1 {
text-align: center;
color: #0d47a1;
margin-bottom: 25px;
}
.form-container {
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
align-items: center;
}
.form-grid {
display: grid;
grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(220px, 1fr));
gap: 15px;
width: 100%;
}

.form-group {
display: flex;

42
 flex-direction: column;
}
label {
font-weight: bold;
margin-bottom: 5px;
color: #1565c0;
}
input[type="text"] {
padding: 8px;
border: 1px solid #90caf9;
border-radius: 8px;
}
button {
background: #0d47a1;
color: white;
padding: 12px 25px;
border: none;
border-radius: 10px;
cursor: pointer;
margin-top: 20px;
font-size: 16px;
transition: 0.3s;
}
button:hover {
background: #1565c0;
}
.result {
margin-top: 25px;
text-align: center;
font-size: 22px;
font-weight: bold;
}

43
Output:

44
On [Link]

45
46
47
7.4 Task 4: Optimization Model Development

Solve a business problem using optimization techniques (e.g., linear programming) and python
libraries like pulp.

Code:

import pandas as pd
import pulp
orders = pd.read_csv("D:\[Link]")
whcaps = pd.read_csv("D:\[Link]")
whcosts = pd.read_csv("D:\[Link]")
rates = pd.read_csv("D:\[Link]")
print("Orders:\n", [Link](), "\n")
print("Warehouse Capacities:\n", [Link](), "\n")
print("Warehouse Storage Costs:\n", [Link](), "\n")
print("Freight Rates:\n", [Link]())
# Unique warehouses and orders
warehouses = whcaps['Warehouse'].unique()
orders_list = orders['OrderID'].unique()
# Decision variables: x[o, w] = 1 if order o assigned to warehouse w
x = [Link]("Assign", ((o, w) for o in orders_list for w in warehouses), cat='Binary')
# Initialize the problem
model = [Link]("Supply_Chain_Min_Cost", [Link])
# Merge for cost lookup
orders_expanded = [Link](key=1).merge([Link]({'Warehouse': warehouses, 'key': 1}),
on='key').drop('key', axis=1)
orders_expanded = orders_expanded.merge(whcosts, on='Warehouse')
orders_expanded = orders_expanded.merge(rates, on=['Warehouse', 'Port'], how='left')
# Cost dictionary
costs = {}
for _, row in orders_expanded.iterrows():
o = row['OrderID']
w = row['Warehouse']

48
 if [Link](row['Rate']): # only valid routes
storage = row['StorageCost'] * row['Quantity']
shipping = row['Rate'] * row['Quantity']
costs[(o, w)] = storage + shipping
# Objective: minimize total cost
model += [Link]([x[o, w] * costs[(o, w)] for (o, w) in costs]), "Total_Cost"
for o in orders_list:
model += [Link]([x[o, w] for w in warehouses if (o, w) in costs]) == 1, f"One_Warehouse_{o}"
for w in warehouses:
capacity = [Link][whcaps['Warehouse'] == w, 'Capacity'].values[0]
model += [Link]([
x[o, w] * [Link][orders['OrderID'] == o, 'Quantity'].values[0]
for o in orders_list if (o, w) in costs
]) <= capacity, f"Capacity_Limit_{w}"
# Solve the model
[Link]()
# Print the status
print("Status:", [Link][[Link]])
# Show results
assignments = []
for (o, w) in x:
if [Link](x[o, w]) == 1:
[Link]({"OrderID": o, "Warehouse": w, "Cost": costs[(o, w)]})
# Convert to DataFrame
results_df = [Link](assignments)
print("\nOrder Assignments:\n", results_df)
# Total cost
print("\nTotal Optimized Cost:", [Link]([Link]))
import [Link] as plt
import seaborn as sns
# 1. Orders Assigned per Warehouse
[Link](figsize=(8, 4))

49
[Link](x="Warehouse", data=results_df, palette="pastel",width=0.4)
[Link]("Number of Orders Assigned to Each Warehouse")
[Link]("Warehouse")
[Link]("Number of Orders")
plt.tight_layout()
[Link]()
# 2. Total Cost per Warehouse
costs_per_wh = results_df.groupby("Warehouse")["Cost"].sum().sort_values()
[Link](figsize=(8, 4))
[Link](x=costs_per_wh.index, y=costs_per_wh.values, palette="viridis",width=0.4)
[Link]("Total Cost per Warehouse")
[Link]("Total Cost")
[Link]("Warehouse")
plt.tight_layout()
[Link]()
# 3. Cost per Assignment (Top 20 for readability)
[Link](figsize=(10, 4))
top_assignments = results_df.sort_values("Cost", ascending=False).head(20)
[Link](x="OrderID", y="Cost", data=top_assignments, hue="Warehouse",
dodge=False,width=0.4)
[Link]("Top 20 Highest-Cost Assignments")
[Link]("Order ID")
[Link]("Assignment Cost")
[Link](rotation=45)
plt.tight_layout()
[Link]()
# 4. Display Total Optimized Cost with annotation
total_cost = [Link]([Link])
print(f" Total Optimized Cost: ${total_cost:.2f}")
# Optional: annotate on plot
fig, ax = [Link](figsize=(6, 2))

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[Link](0.5, 0.5, f"Total Optimized Cost:\n${total_cost:.2f}", fontsize=14,
ha='center', va='center', fontweight='bold', bbox=dict(boxstyle="round", fc="lightgreen"))
[Link]('off')
plt.tight_layout()
[Link]()

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Output:

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53
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 8. CONCLUSION & FUTURE WORK

8.1 Conclusion
My internship at CodTech IT Solutions has been a transformative experience that deepened my
practical understanding of data science and machine learning. Through hands-on involvement in
diverse analytical and AI-driven projects, I gained end-to-end exposure to the entire data science
pipeline—from data acquisition and preprocessing to model development, optimization, and
deployment. Working with Python, TensorFlow, scikit-learn, Flask, and other key technologies
allowed me to build both the technical foundation and real-world problem-solving mindset essential
in today’s data-driven industry.

Each task strengthened specific skill sets: developing data preprocessing pipelines improved my ability
to handle raw and unstructured data; building machine learning and deep learning models enhanced
my understanding of predictive analytics and performance tuning; deploying models through web APIs
taught me integration, scalability, and real-time data handling; and designing optimization frameworks
refined my mathematical reasoning and decision-making skills.

Beyond technical growth, this internship also enhanced my collaboration, documentation, and
analytical communication skills. Working in a structured, professional environment under mentor
guidance helped me learn the importance of version control, modular design, testing, and
reproducibility in data science workflows. The experience bridged the gap between academic
knowledge and its practical applications, reinforcing a mindset of precision, ethics, and innovation in
AI development.

Overall, this internship has provided a strong foundation in modern data science practices, combining
statistical thinking, coding discipline, and deployment expertise. It has inspired me to continue
exploring advanced AI techniques and to apply these skills toward solving meaningful, real-world
problems through data-driven insights.

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8.2 Future Work
Looking ahead, there are several directions for extending and enhancing the projects developed during
this internship:

• For the Data Preprocessing and Machine Learning Pipelines:

Future improvements could include automating feature engineering using AutoML tools,
integrating large-scale data handling with Apache Spark, and improving model reproducibility
through MLflow or DVC-based versioning.

• For the Deep Learning Model:

Extending the project to include explainable AI (XAI) techniques such as SHAP and LIME
would increase interpretability and trust in model predictions. Implementing transfer learning
with pretrained architectures could also enhance accuracy for complex datasets.

• For the End-to-End Data Science Project:

Future development could focus on containerizing the model using Docker and deploying it
via cloud platforms like AWS or Azure for scalability. Adding authentication layers and logging
mechanisms would improve production readiness and reliability.

• For the Optimization Model:

Expanding the optimization framework to support nonlinear or multi-objective problems and

integrating real-time data inputs could make it more adaptive to changing business
environments.

Additionally, incorporating MLOps practices such as CI/CD pipelines, monitoring, and model
retraining strategies would ensure that deployed models remain efficient and accurate over time.

In the long term, continuous learning in areas like Generative AI, Reinforcement Learning, and Large
Language Models (LLMs) will enable the development of more intelligent, explainable, and
autonomous data-driven systems. Maintaining a commitment to ethical AI and sustainability will
remain central to future research and professional endeavors.

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 9. REFERENCES
Official Documentation and Technical Resources:
1. Python Official Documentation
Comprehensive reference for Python syntax, data structures, and libraries used throughout data
preprocessing, analysis, and model development.
Source: [Link]
2. Pandas Documentation
Authoritative guide for data manipulation and preprocessing, covering DataFrame operations,
cleaning, merging, and transformation techniques.
Source: [Link]
3. NumPy Documentation
Core numerical computing library reference, used for handling arrays, mathematical operations, and
vectorized computations in machine learning workflows.
Source: [Link]
4. Scikit-learn Documentation
Detailed documentation for classical machine learning algorithms, model evaluation metrics, and
data preprocessing tools.
Source: [Link]
5. TensorFlow and Keras Documentation
Official guides and tutorials for building, training, and deploying deep learning models using
TensorFlow and its Keras API.
Source: [Link]
6. Flask & FastAPI Documentation
Resources for developing and deploying machine learning models as RESTful APIs, focusing on
lightweight and high-performance web frameworks.
Sources:
Flask –[Link]
FastAPI – [Link]
7. PuLP Documentation
Python library for linear programming and optimization techniques, used for modeling real-world
business problems and decision-making scenarios.
Source: [Link]
8. Matplotlib and Seaborn Documentation
Visualization libraries providing tools for data exploration, performance tracking, and result
interpretation through graphical representations.
Sources:
Matplotlib – [Link]
Seaborn – [Link]
9. GitHub Repositories for Sample Projects
Repositories offering example implementations of ETL pipelines, machine learning workflows, deep

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learning architectures, and model deployment.
Sources:
• Data Science Projects: [Link]
• TensorFlow Examples: [Link]
• Flask API Projects: [Link]

Research Papers and Academic References:

1. Chollet, F. (2017). Deep Learning with Python. Manning Publications.
A comprehensive guide to deep learning concepts and practical implementation using Keras and
TensorFlow, forming the foundation for the internship’s DL tasks.
2. Goodfellow, I., Bengio, Y., & Courville, A. (2016). Deep Learning. MIT Press.
Explores the theoretical and mathematical principles underlying modern neural networks and AI
systems.
3. Pedregosa, F., et al. (2011). Scikit-learn: Machine Learning in Python. Journal of Machine
Learning Research, 12, 2825–2830.
Seminal paper on the scikit-learn library, detailing efficient ML algorithm implementations in
Python.
4. Bertsimas, D., & Tsitsiklis, J. (1997). Introduction to Linear Optimization. Athena Scientific.
A foundational text on mathematical optimization, relevant to the linear programming and decision-
modeling tasks.
5. Zaharia, M., et al. (2016). Apache Spark: A Unified Engine for Big Data Processing.
Communications of the ACM, 59(11), 56–65.
Discusses scalable data handling and processing frameworks, applicable for extending ETL and data
pipeline systems.
6. Kleppmann, M. (2017). Designing Data-Intensive Applications. O’Reilly Media.
A definitive guide on managing data pipelines, ensuring scalability, reliability, and consistency in
analytical systems.
7. Boehm, B. W. (1988). A Spiral Model of Software Development and Enhancement.
Computer, 21(5), 61–72.
Introduces the iterative and feedback-driven development model applied during project cycles and
pipeline enhancements.

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