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Advanced Java Notes

The document provides comprehensive notes on advanced Java topics including JVM architecture, memory management, OOP principles, multithreading, concurrency utilities, Java 8+ features, JDBC, Servlets & JSP, Spring Framework, Hibernate ORM, and best practices. Key concepts such as garbage collection, thread lifecycle, functional programming, and ORM frameworks are highlighted. It emphasizes the importance of modern features like lambda expressions and the Spring Boot framework for efficient Java development.

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14 views5 pages

Advanced Java Notes

The document provides comprehensive notes on advanced Java topics including JVM architecture, memory management, OOP principles, multithreading, concurrency utilities, Java 8+ features, JDBC, Servlets & JSP, Spring Framework, Hibernate ORM, and best practices. Key concepts such as garbage collection, thread lifecycle, functional programming, and ORM frameworks are highlighted. It emphasizes the importance of modern features like lambda expressions and the Spring Boot framework for efficient Java development.

Uploaded by

foodonline506
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Advanced Java Notes

1. JVM Architecture
- JVM (Java Virtual Machine) executes bytecode.
- Components:
• Class Loader → loads .class files into memory.
• Runtime Data Areas → Heap, Stack, Method Area, PC Register.
• Execution Engine → Interpreter + JIT Compiler.
• Garbage Collector → automatically frees unused objects.

2. Memory Management
- Heap Memory: Objects stored.
- Stack Memory: Local variables and method calls.
- GC Phases: Mark → Sweep → Compact.
- WeakReference, SoftReference, PhantomReference.

3. OOP Principles Recap


- Encapsulation, Inheritance, Polymorphism, Abstraction.
- Composition > Inheritance (for flexibility).
- SOLID Design Principles.
4. Multithreading
- Thread class and Runnable interface.
- Thread lifecycle: New → Runnable → Running → Waiting → Terminated.
- Synchronization: 'synchronized' keyword, locks, wait(), notify(), notifyAll().
- Thread-safe classes: Vector, Hashtable, ConcurrentHashMap.
- Executor Framework: ThreadPoolExecutor, Callable, Future.

5. Concurrency Utilities
- java.util.concurrent package:
• ReentrantLock, Semaphore, CountDownLatch, CyclicBarrier.
• Concurrent Collections, Atomic classes.
• CompletableFuture for async programming.
6. Java 8+ Features
- Lambda Expressions → Functional interfaces.
- Stream API → map(), filter(), reduce().
- Optional class → avoids NullPointerException.
- Date-Time API → java.time package.
- Default & static methods in interfaces.
- Records (Java 14+), Sealed Classes (Java 17+).

7. Functional Programming
- Predicate, Function, Consumer, Supplier.
- Method references and chaining.
- Parallel Streams for large data.
8. JDBC (Java Database Connectivity)
- Steps:
1. Load driver → Class.forName().
2. Establish connection → DriverManager.getConnection().
3. Create Statement/PreparedStatement.
4. Execute queries and handle ResultSet.
5. Close connection.

- Connection Pooling via DataSource.


- ORM → Hibernate, JPA.

9. Servlets & JSP


- Servlet lifecycle: init() → service() → destroy().
- RequestDispatcher for forwarding.
- Session management → Cookies, URL rewriting, HttpSession.
- JSP: Scriptlet, Expression, Declaration.
- MVC pattern using Servlets + JSP.
10. Spring Framework
- Core Concepts: Dependency Injection (DI), Inversion of Control (IoC).
- Spring Boot simplifies configuration.
- Annotations: @Component, @Autowired, @RestController.
- Spring MVC and REST API support.

11. Hibernate ORM


- Maps Java objects to DB tables.
- Annotations: @Entity, @Table, @Id, @Column.
- Lazy vs Eager loading.
- HQL and Criteria API.

12. Best Practices


- Use Streams and Lambdas for readability.
- Prefer immutability and defensive copying.
- Use logging frameworks (SLF4J, Logback).
- Avoid memory leaks by closing resources.
- Write unit tests using JUnit & Mockito.

End of Notes

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