Orchard Types
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saqiburrahman81Orchard Types
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saqiburrahman81Orchard
• An orchard is an area, often enclosed, devoted to the cultivation of
fruit trees and as a unit
• It encompasses various resources like land, water, trees and external
inputs.
• All these resources have to be well utilized to the best advantage for
higher production per unit area on sustainable basis without
adversely affecting the quality of environment.
Orchard
• An orchard is a type of farm where fruits and nuts are
grown on trees and shrubs for commercial
production.
• An orchard is one where different fruit crops have
been planted in an orderly manner and are managed
for production of successive yield for economic
return.
Types of Orchard
Depending upon the purpose for which they are
maintained, orchards are of different types, namely.
1.Commercial orchard
•Those orchards are maintained by fruit growers mainly for
commercial purposes, i.e., selling the produce to make money.
•Commercial orchards may be of different types such as low-
density orchard, high density orchard, dry orchard etc.
Orchard
2. Progeny orchard:
Orchards maintained by nurserymen mainly for maintaining the
superior types of fruit trees with all the desirable characters mainly
for the purpose of propagation.
The disadvantages of this type of orchard are difficulty involved in
the management of fruit crops which differ in their cultural
requirements, spacing, fertilizer and water mix; the whole of the
orchard may not come to harvest at one time, and it may be difficult
to meet the cultural need of different varieties.
The plants maintained in these orchards are known as mother plants.
Orchard
3. Home orchard:
Orchards are maintained in the backyard of a residential area to meet
the fruit needs of the family.
These are maintained mostly in rural and sub-urban homes.
Selection of fruit plants will be according to convenience and one’s
own taste.
4. Experimental orchard
Orchards are maintained in colleges and research institutions with
the main aim of conducting different experimental trails for the
benefit of the fruit growers /farmers in scientifically in very
systematic manner.
Commercial Orchard
a)Low density orchard:
Plants on this type of orchard are raised on standard rootstocks,
which are vigorous and therefore require more spacing.
The number of trees per unit is less and thus named as low density
orchard.
Commercial Orchard
b) High density orchard:
• In HDP we increase the number of plants per unit area OR in HDP,
we accommodate more numbers of plants than the conventional
system to get higher productivity in term of yield and quality.
• This is achieved by manipulating the tree shape and planting system.
• From a historical perspective, a high-density orchard is defined as
any orchard with more than 150-180 trees per acre.
• However, many highly productive commercial orchards today have
150-180 trees per acre and higher density could be anything over
180 trees per acre.
High density orchard
• High density orcharding with dwarfing rootstock is another
innovation. Greater number of plants is planted per unit area in
certain fruit crops like mango, apple, citrus, pear, walnut and others.
• These plants are dwarfened by adopting different horticultural
techniques like use of dwarfing rootstocks, genetically dwarf scion
varieties, by adopting special systems of training and pruning, use of
plant growth retardants, and other such other practices.
High density orchard
Advantages
a.High returns/ production per unit area i.e., increased up to 4 times.
b.Maximum use of resources
c.Possibility of adopting mechanization
d.The cultural practices can easily be carried out.
e.High quality and export quality is produced.
Disadvantages
a.Short life span
b.Pest and disease problems
c.Management is difficult and requires highly skilled and technical labor.
d.Competition in later years
High density orchard
Types of High-Density Plantation
1. Low HDP: the plant distance is 8x8 meters. Number of plants 100-150/hectare
2. Moderate HDP: Plants spacing is from 6x6 meter. Number of plants 250-
500/hectare
3. HDP: Plants spacing is from 3x3 meter. Number of plants 500-2000/hectare
4. Ultra HDP: Plants spacing is from 3-1.5 meter. Number of plants 2000-
5000/hectare
5. Super HDP: Plants spacing is from 2-1 meter. Number of plants up to
20,000/hectare
6. Meadow orchard systems: Spacing 30-45 cm. Number of plants up to
70,000/hectare.
High density orchard
How do we manage plant life?
1. By extensive pruning
2. By planting dwarf rootstock
3. Dwarf Scion
4. The use of plant growth regulators
High density orchard
How do we manage plant life?
1. By extensive pruning
2. By planting dwarf rootstock
3. Dwarf Scion
4. The use of plant growth regulators
High density orchard
Economic advantages of HDP
In conventional systems, in apple we get production of 12-20 tons/ha while in HDP we
get about 40-60 tons/ha. This is because.
