Downloaded from SAE International by AeroControlex Group, Wednesday, October 22, 2025

AEROSPACE ARP4946™ REV. A

RECOMMENDED PRACTICE Issued 2000-10

Revised 2021-08

Superseding ARP4946

(R) Recommended Design and Test Requirements for Hydraulic Check Valves

RATIONALE

ARP4946 has been updated to Revision A for the following reasons:

• It has been rewritten to a new format including the title change.

• It incorporates technical and editorial changes.

• The references have been updated.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. SCOPE ....................................................................................................................................................4
1.1 Purpose ...................................................................................................................................................4
1.2 Classification............................................................................................................................................4

2. REFERENCES ........................................................................................................................................4
2.1 Applicable Documents .............................................................................................................................4
2.1.1 SAE Publications .....................................................................................................................................4
2.1.2 U.S. Government Publications..................................................................................................................5
2.2 Definitions ................................................................................................................................................5

3. RECOMMENDED REQUIREMENTS .......................................................................................................6

3.1 General ....................................................................................................................................................6
3.2 Functional Requirements .........................................................................................................................6
3.3 Performance Requirements......................................................................................................................6
3.3.1 Cracking Pressure ...................................................................................................................................6
3.3.2 Rated Flow ..............................................................................................................................................6
3.3.3 Internal Leakage ......................................................................................................................................6
3.3.4 External Leakage .....................................................................................................................................7
3.3.5 Pressure Drop..........................................................................................................................................7
3.4 Operating Temperature ............................................................................................................................7
3.4.1 Ambient Temperature ..............................................................................................................................7
3.4.2 Hydraulic Fluid Temperature ....................................................................................................................7
3.5 Construction.............................................................................................................................................7
3.5.1 Materials ..................................................................................................................................................7
3.5.2 Corrosion Resistance ...............................................................................................................................7
3.5.3 Electro-Conductive Bonding .....................................................................................................................7
3.5.4 Seals .......................................................................................................................................................7
3.5.5 Hydraulic Fluid .........................................................................................................................................8

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely
voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising therefrom, is the sole responsibility of the user.”
SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and
suggestions.
Copyright © 2021 SAE International
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,
recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE.
TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada)
Tel: +1 724-776-4970 (outside USA)
For more information on this standard, visit
Fax: 724-776-0790 https://www.sae.org/standards/content/ARP4946A
Email: [email protected]
SAE WEB ADDRESS: http://www.sae.org
 Downloaded from SAE International by AeroControlex Group, Wednesday, October 22, 2025

SAE INTERNATIONAL ARP4946™A Page 2 of 25

3.6 Physical Requirements.............................................................................................................................8

3.6.1 Mounting Requirements ...........................................................................................................................8
3.7 Strength ...................................................................................................................................................8
3.7.1 Rated System Pressure ...........................................................................................................................8
3.7.2 Proof Pressure .........................................................................................................................................9
3.7.3 Ultimate (Burst) Pressure .........................................................................................................................9
3.7.4 Fatigue (Pressure Impulse) ......................................................................................................................9
3.7.5 Surge Flow ..............................................................................................................................................9
3.7.6 Operational Shocks ..................................................................................................................................9
3.7.7 Vibration ................................................................................................................................................10
3.7.8 Acceleration Forces ...............................................................................................................................10
3.7.9 Handling Loads ......................................................................................................................................10
3.7.10 Maximum Wrenching Torque .................................................................................................................10
3.7.11 Flexural Strength....................................................................................................................................10
3.8 Weight ...................................................................................................................................................10
3.9 Environmental Requirements .................................................................................................................10
3.10 Operational and Safety Requirements ....................................................................................................11
3.10.1 Reliability ...............................................................................................................................................11
3.10.2 Endurance Life .......................................................................................................................................11
3.10.3 Repeated Assembly ...............................................................................................................................11
3.10.4 Storage ..................................................................................................................................................11
3.10.5 Safety ....................................................................................................................................................11
3.11 Marking ..................................................................................................................................................11
3.11.1 General ..................................................................................................................................................11
3.11.2 Detail Marking Requirements .................................................................................................................11

4. RECOMMENDED QUALITY ASSURANCE PROVISIONS ..................................................................... 12

4.1 Responsibility for Inspection ...................................................................................................................12
4.1.1 Physical Defect Inspection .....................................................................................................................12
4.2 Classification of Tests ............................................................................................................................12
4.3 Test Stand Requirements.......................................................................................................................12
4.3.1 Test Medium ..........................................................................................................................................12
4.3.2 Check Valve Axis Position ......................................................................................................................12
4.4 First Article Inspection ............................................................................................................................13
4.4.1 First Article Samples ..............................................................................................................................13
4.4.2 First Article Inspection Report.................................................................................................................13
4.4.3 Rejection................................................................................................................................................13

5. RECOMMENDED PRODUCTION ACCEPTANCE TESTS ..................................................................... 13

5.1 Visual and Dimensional Examination ......................................................................................................14
5.2 Acceptance Test Program ......................................................................................................................14
5.2.1 General ..................................................................................................................................................14
5.2.2 Proof Pressure Test ...............................................................................................................................14
5.2.3 Internal Leakage Test ............................................................................................................................14
5.2.4 Cracking Pressure .................................................................................................................................14
5.2.5 Weight ...................................................................................................................................................14
5.2.6 Electro-Conductive Bonding ...................................................................................................................15
5.3 Preparation for Shipment .......................................................................................................................15
5.3.1 Storage and Packing ..............................................................................................................................15

6. RECOMMENDED QUALIFICATION TESTS ..........................................................................................15

6.1 General ..................................................................................................................................................15
6.1.1 Qualification by Similarity .......................................................................................................................17
6.1.2 Qualification Unit Functional Checks ......................................................................................................17
6.2 Pressure Drop Test ................................................................................................................................17
6.3 Functional Tests.....................................................................................................................................17
6.3.1 Leakage .................................................................................................................................................17
6.3.2 Endurance Cycling .................................................................................................................................17
6.3.3 Repeated Assembly ...............................................................................................................................19
 Downloaded from SAE International by AeroControlex Group, Wednesday, October 22, 2025

SAE INTERNATIONAL ARP4946™A Page 3 of 25

6.3.4 Additional Functional Tests ....................................................................................................................19

6.4 Environmental Tests ..............................................................................................................................19
6.4.1 Temperature Tests.................................................................................................................................19
6.4.2 Humidity.................................................................................................................................................20
6.4.3 Fluids Susceptibility................................................................................................................................20
6.4.4 Fungus Resistance/Fungus ....................................................................................................................20
6.4.5 Salt Spray/Salt Fog ................................................................................................................................20
6.4.6 Sand and Dust .......................................................................................................................................20
6.4.7 Waterproofness......................................................................................................................................21
6.4.8 Icing .......................................................................................................................................................21
6.5 Structural Tests......................................................................................................................................21
6.5.1 Proof Pressure Tests .............................................................................................................................21
6.5.2 Fatigue (Pressure Impulse) Test ............................................................................................................21
6.5.3 Operational Shocks Tests ......................................................................................................................22
6.5.4 Vibration Tests .......................................................................................................................................22
6.5.5 Steady-State Acceleration Test ..............................................................................................................23
6.5.6 Surge Flow Test .....................................................................................................................................23
6.5.7 Handling Loads Test ..............................................................................................................................24
6.5.8 Wrench Load Test..................................................................................................................................24
6.5.9 Flexural Strength....................................................................................................................................24
6.6 Destructive Tests ...................................................................................................................................24
6.6.1 Ultimate (Burst) Pressure .......................................................................................................................24
6.7 Additional Tests .....................................................................................................................................24
6.8 Post Qualification Tests..........................................................................................................................25
6.8.1 Acceptance Tests ..................................................................................................................................25
6.8.2 Inspection ..............................................................................................................................................25

7. NOTES ..................................................................................................................................................25
7.1 Revision Indicator ..................................................................................................................................25

Table 1 Qualification test program ......................................................................................................................15

Table 2 Recommended accumulator gas charge pressures ................................................................................ 23

Figure 1 Typical endurance test setup..................................................................................................................18

Figure 2 Typical setup for surge flow test .............................................................................................................23
 Downloaded from SAE International by AeroControlex Group, Wednesday, October 22, 2025

SAE INTERNATIONAL ARP4946™A Page 4 of 25

1. SCOPE

This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) provides recommendations for the design and test requirements for a
spring-loaded, normally-closed hydraulic check valve.

The check valve is intended for use in a civil or military aircraft hydraulic system with a rated system pressure up to 5000 psi
(34500 kPa).

1.1 Purpose

The recommended requirements contained in this document are compiled for inclusion in a Procurement Specification for
a spring-loaded, normally-closed hydraulic check valve.

NOTE: The recommended requirements in this ARP should be reviewed by the Purchaser or the Contractor and only those
requirements that are applicable for a specific application should be incorporated in the Procurement Specification.

1.2 Classification

The check valve types covered by this ARP are:

• The line-mounted type - a valve with standard fitting ends

• The cartridge type - a cylindrical valve with O-ring glands for mounting in a manifold, for example

• The insert type - a cylindrical valve with an expansion pin to seal and lock in a cylindrical cavity

2. REFERENCES

2.1 Applicable Documents

The following publications form a part of this document to the extent specified herein. The latest issue of SAE publications
shall apply. The applicable issue of other publications shall be the issue in effect on the date of the purchase order. In the
event of conflict between the text of this document and references cited herein, the text of this document takes precedence.
Nothing in this document, however, supersedes applicable laws and regulations unless a specific exemption has been
obtained.

2.1.1 SAE Publications

Available from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA
and Canada) or +1 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org.

ARP24 Determination of Hydraulic Pressure Drop

ARP1185 Flexure Testing of Hydraulic Tubing Joints and Fittings

ARP1383 Aerospace - Impulse Testing of Hydraulic Components

ARP4386 Terminology and Definitions for Aerospace Fluid Power, Actuation and Control Technologies

AS478 Identification Marking Methods

AS683 Installation Procedure and Torques for Fluid Connections

AS4059 Aerospace Fluid Power - Contamination Classification for Hydraulic Fluids

AS4941 Aerospace - General Requirements for Commercial Aircraft Hydraulic Components

AS5148 Assembly, Installation, and Torque for Flareless and Straight Thread Fluid Fittings and Tube Assemblies
 Downloaded from SAE International by AeroControlex Group, Wednesday, October 22, 2025

SAE INTERNATIONAL ARP4946™A Page 5 of 25

AS5440 Hydraulic Systems, Military Aircraft, Design and Installation Requirements for

AS8775 Hydraulic System Components, Aircraft and Missiles, General Specification for

2.1.2 U.S. Government Publications

Copies of these documents are available online at https://quicksearch.dla.mil.

MIL-STD-130 Identification Marking of U.S. Military Property

MIL-STD-810 Environmental Test Methods and Engineering Guidelines

2.2 Definitions

Refer to ARP4386 for the fluid power terms that are used in this ARP.

CHECK VALVE: This is a valve that allows the free flow of hydraulic fluid in one direction only and prevents flow in the
opposite direction.

INLET PORT: This is the port where hydraulic fluid can flow through the check valve.

OUTLET PORT: This is the port where hydraulic fluid is prevented from flowing through the check valve.

RATED FLOW: This is the maximum operating flow that is supplied to the check valve.

RATED SYSTEM PRESSURE: This is the nominal steady-state pressure that is applied to the check valve.

NOTES:

1. Rated System Pressure is equivalent to the Design Operating Pressure (DOP) for civil aircraft and Working Pressure
(Pw) for military aircraft.

2. All pressures referred to in this document are gauge pressures.

RETURN PRESSURE: This is the pressure caused by the resistance to flow in the return line or by a pre-charged reservoir,
or both.

ENDURANCE TEST: This is the test that is intended to determine if the check valve will operate satisfactorily throughout
its design lifetime.

PRESSURE IMPULSE TEST: This is the test that is intended to determine the fatigue characteristics of the check valve
pressure vessel to determine if it will maintain its strength throughout its operational lifetime.

PURCHASER or CONTRACTOR: This is the organization that is responsible for producing the Procurement Specification
for the check valve.

NOTE: The Purchaser or Contractor is typically an aircraft manufacturer, a modification center, a system supplier (for
hydraulic or braking systems, for example), or an equipment supplier (for use in a manifold or an actuator, for
example).

SUPPLIER: This is the manufacturer of the check valve who is responsible for its design, production, and qualification.
 Downloaded from SAE International by AeroControlex Group, Wednesday, October 22, 2025

SAE INTERNATIONAL ARP4946™A Page 6 of 25

PROCUREMENT SPECIFICATION: This is the document that includes the following:

a. Specific performance and technical criteria

b. Acceptance and qualification test requirements

c. Reliability requirements

d. Quality requirements

e. Packaging requirements

3. RECOMMENDED REQUIREMENTS

3.1 General

The check valve that is intended to be used in civil aircraft hydraulic systems should conform to the general hydraulic
components’ requirements of AS4941 as applicable.

The check valve that is intended to be used in military aircraft hydraulic systems should conform to the general hydraulic
components’ requirements of AS8775 as applicable.

The check valve should meet all the requirements when it is installed or operated as defined by the applicable Procurement
Specification.

The check valve should not be sensitive to spatial orientation.

If the check valve contains nonmetallic parts other than static seals, it should conform to all the functional and performance
requirements specified herein after being immersed in the applicable hydraulic fluid (see 3.5.5) for 72 hours at the maximum
operating hydraulic fluid temperature specified in 3.4.2. If the thermal relief valve contains no nonmetallic parts other than
static seals, then the required period for being immersed in the applicable hydraulic fluid should be reduced to 24 hours.

3.2 Functional Requirements

The check valve should allow free flow of hydraulic fluid in one direction only and prevent flow in the opposite direction.

3.3 Performance Requirements

3.3.1 Cracking Pressure

The Procurement Specification should specify the minimum and maximum cracking pressure for the check valve.

NOTE: Typically, the cracking pressure is not less than 2 psi (14 kPa) and not greater than 8 psi (55 kPa).

3.3.2 Rated Flow

The Procurement Specification should specify the rated flow for the check valve.

3.3.3 Internal Leakage

The Procurement Specification should specify the internal leakage for the following range of pressures applied to the outlet
port over the specified ambient and the hydraulic fluid temperature range:

a. At low pressure (for example, 5 psi (35 kPa))

NOTE: The internal leakage rate requirement is typically 30 drops maximum over 30 minutes.
 Downloaded from SAE International by AeroControlex Group, Wednesday, October 22, 2025

SAE INTERNATIONAL ARP4946™A Page 7 of 25

b. At the nominal system return pressure (for example, 1000 psi (6900 kPa))

NOTE: The internal leakage rate requirement is typically zero (i.e., insufficient to form a drop).

c. At the rated system pressure

NOTE: The internal leakage rate requirement is typically zero (i.e., insufficient to form a drop).

3.3.4 External Leakage

There should be no external leakage allowed under any combination of environments specified herein.

NOTE: Any evidence of wetness sufficient to form a drop should be considered leakage.

3.3.5 Pressure Drop

The Procurement Specification should specify the maximum pressure drop through the check valve at:

• The rated flow rate

• The specified ambient and hydraulic fluid temperatures

3.4 Operating Temperature

3.4.1 Ambient Temperature

The Procurement Specification should specify the ambient temperature range, including the minimum and maximum
operating and survival (non-operating) temperatures.

3.4.2 Hydraulic Fluid Temperature

The Procurement Specification should specify the hydraulic fluid temperature range, including the minimum and maximum
operating and survival (non-operating) temperatures.

3.5 Construction

3.5.1 Materials

AS4941 or AS8775, as applicable, should be used for guidance in the selection of the check valve materials. The
Procurement Specification should list any prohibited materials.

3.5.2 Corrosion Resistance

The corrosion protection features of the check valve should be per AS4941 or AS8775, as applicable.

3.5.3 Electro-Conductive Bonding

If there is a requirement for electro-conductive bonding, the Procurement Specification should state the electrical resistance
requirement between any point on the mounting facilities and specified points on the check valve.

NOTE: A typical electrical resistance requirement is not to exceed 25 milliohms.

3.5.4 Seals

If seals are used in the check valve, AS4941 or AS5440, as applicable, should be used for guidance in the design of the
seal glands and the seal materials.
 Downloaded from SAE International by AeroControlex Group, Wednesday, October 22, 2025

SAE INTERNATIONAL ARP4946™A Page 8 of 25

3.5.5 Hydraulic Fluid

The Procurement Specification should specify the hydraulic fluid(s) to be used for the check valve application.

3.5.5.1 Hydraulic Fluid Contamination

The Procurement Specification should state the hydraulic fluid contamination limits per AS4059 for:

a. Aircraft at new build

b. In-service (typical and maximum)

3.6 Physical Requirements

3.6.1 Mounting Requirements

3.6.1.1 Line-Mounted Check Valve

The Procurement Specification should define the type and size of the hydraulic fluid ports’ fittings and the overall space
envelope.

NOTES:

1. It is recommended that the inlet port and outlet port be different sizes or be male/female to prevent the check valve from
being installed incorrectly.

2. There should be a means of holding the check valve when tightening the tube connectors during its installation.

3.6.1.2 Cartridge or Insert Type Check Valve

The Procurement Specification should specify the dimensions of the check valve to enable it to be installed in the component
or the manifold, including any surface finish requirements and geometrical (e.g., flatness) requirements.

3.7 Strength

3.7.1 Rated System Pressure

The Procurement Specification should state the rated system pressure for the check valve.

NOTE: Depending on the application, the rated system pressure will be generated by:

a. The hydraulic system pumps.

or

b. A hydraulic sub-system that regulates the pressure from the hydraulic power generation system to a lower value, for
example, a brake control system.

or

c. The thermal effects at the point of the actuation of a thermal relief valve for an accumulator that is used to provide stored
energy (for example, a brake accumulator if the check valve is used in a brake control system application).
 Downloaded from SAE International by AeroControlex Group, Wednesday, October 22, 2025

SAE INTERNATIONAL ARP4946™A Page 9 of 25

3.7.2 Proof Pressure

The check valve should be designed to ensure that it can withstand the application of proof pressure at the higher of the
specified maximum rated ambient or the hydraulic fluid temperatures for 2 minutes minimum as follows:

• To the inlet port with the outlet port capped

• To the outlet port with the inlet port open

The check valve should not sustain any deformation that would prevent it from performing its intended function.

There should be no external leakage for both tests and no internal leakage when pressure is applied to the outlet port.

NOTE: For production, the proof pressure should be applied at room temperature for 2 minutes for both cases.

The Procurement Specification should specify the factor to be applied to the rated system pressure for the proof pressure.

NOTE: Typically the proof pressure factor is 1.5 x the rated system pressure.

3.7.3 Ultimate (Burst) Pressure

The check valve should be designed to ensure that it can withstand the ultimate (burst) pressure being applied
simultaneously applied to both ports at the higher of the specified maximum rated ambient or the hydraulic fluid temperatures
for 2 minutes minimum. There should be no evidence of external leakage, failure, or rupture. Permanent deformation of the
check valve is permitted, but it is not required to operate after being subjected to ultimate (burst) pressure.

The Procurement Specification should specify the factor to be applied for the ultimate (burst) pressure.

NOTE: Typically the ultimate (burst) pressure factor is 2.0 x the rated system pressure for civil aircraft applications and
2.5 x the rated system pressure for military aircraft applications.

3.7.4 Fatigue (Pressure Impulse)

Unless otherwise specified in the Procurement Specification, the check valve should be designed to withstand, without any
evidence of cracks:

• 750000 pressure impulse cycles with the pressure applied to the inlet port and the outlet port simultaneously.

• 750000 pressure impulse cycles with the pressure applied to the outlet port with the inlet port open to atmosphere.

The test pressure should be stated in the Procurement Specification (for example, the rated system pressure or 1.5 x the
rated system pressure) and the minimum pressure should be 100 psi (690 kPa).

The Procurement Specification should define any additional requirements including:

• Details of predicted pressure transients.

• Any functional/performance requirements to be met after the impulse test.

3.7.5 Surge Flow

The check valve should meet all requirements after being subjected to 25 surge flows.

The Procurement Specification should specify the required surge flow rate.

3.7.6 Operational Shocks

The check valve should be designed to withstand the operational shock levels per AS4941 or AS8775 as applicable.
 Downloaded from SAE International by AeroControlex Group, Wednesday, October 22, 2025

SAE INTERNATIONAL ARP4946™A Page 10 of 25

The Procurement Specification should provide the specific requirements for the operational shocks test procedure (test
category, levels, etc.).

3.7.7 Vibration

The check valve should be designed to withstand the vibration levels per AS4941 or AS8775 as applicable.

The Procurement Specification should define:

• The test procedure, the applicable category, and the levels for normal operation

• Any specific vibration requirements to cater for top-level aircraft failure cases (for example, sustained engine imbalance,
nosewheel imbalance, etc.)

3.7.8 Acceleration Forces

The check valve should be designed to withstand the steady-state acceleration forces levels per MIL-STD-810.

3.7.9 Handling Loads

The check valve should be designed to withstand the effects of mishandling the unit (for example, dropping it) per
MIL-STD-810.

3.7.10 Maximum Wrenching Torque

If the check valve is a line-mounted type, then it should withstand 250% of the maximum wrench torque required for making
the tubing connection, as specified in the Procurement Specification, without any permanent deformation of the check valve
(in particular the area around the connection ports).

3.7.11 Flexural Strength

If flexural strength is required by the Procurement Specification, then it should withstand flexing without any detrimental
effects when tested per ARP1185 or as specified in the Procurement Specification.

NOTE: This is only applicable to line-mounted check valves.

3.8 Weight

The Supplier and or Contractor should agree the maximum guaranteed drip-dry weight of the check valve, which should be
stated in the Procurement Specification.

3.9 Environmental Requirements

Unless otherwise specified, the Procurement Specification for the line-mounted check valve should specify the
environmental requirements listed below per AS4941 or AS8775 as applicable:

a. Humidity

b. Fluids Susceptibility

c. Fungus Resistance/Fungus

d. Salt Spray/Salt Fog

e. Sand and Dust

f. Waterproofness

g. Icing
 Downloaded from SAE International by AeroControlex Group, Wednesday, October 22, 2025

SAE INTERNATIONAL ARP4946™A Page 11 of 25

3.10 Operational and Safety Requirements

3.10.1 Reliability

The Procurement Specification should specify the required reliability targets for the application of the check valve.

3.10.2 Endurance Life

Unless otherwise specified by the Purchaser or Contractor, the check valve should be designed to achieve an operating
endurance life of 250000 cycles of flow through the check valve at the rated flow followed by the application of pressure in
the no-flow direction for each cycle, without any degradation in operation.

If the specific application on the aircraft has additional requirements or the need for a scatter factor is required, then the
different endurance cycles or numbers of cycles should be defined per the Procurement Specification.

3.10.3 Repeated Assembly

If the check valve is a line-mounted type, then it should withstand being assembled and re-assembled in a pipeline for
eight successive times without damage.

3.10.4 Storage

The check valve should be constructed of materials that should not degrade during its lifetime.

The shelf life of the check valve should be specified by the Procurement Specification.

3.10.5 Safety

The Procurement Specification should specify the required safety objectives for the application of the check valve, including
the failure rates for the following events:

a. External leakage.

b. Excessive internal leakage.

c. Jamming of the check valve internal components.

d. Failure to close when required.

e. Failure to open when required.

3.11 Marking

3.11.1 General

The Procurement Specification should specify the check valve identification markings (for example per AS478 or
MIL-STD-130, as applicable).

3.11.2 Detail Marking Requirements

When possible, each check valve should have the following information:

a. The manufacturer’s part number, with a free place to add an amendment letter to the part number.

b. The manufacturer’s cage code.

c. The manufacturer's serial number or lot control number.

d. An arrow indicating the direction of free flow.

 Downloaded from SAE International by AeroControlex Group, Wednesday, October 22, 2025

SAE INTERNATIONAL ARP4946™A Page 12 of 25

If there is sufficient space, then some or all of the following additional information should be provided:

a. Port identification letters, for example, “A” - inlet port; “B” - outlet port.

b. The operating hydraulic fluid.

c. The manufacturer’s name.

4. RECOMMENDED QUALITY ASSURANCE PROVISIONS

4.1 Responsibility for Inspection

Unless otherwise specified in the contract or purchase order, the Supplier:

a. Is responsible for the performance of all inspection requirements as specified herein.

b. May use his facilities or the services of any industrial laboratory that is satisfactory to the Purchaser or the Contractor.

The Purchaser or the Contractor should reserve the right to perform any of the inspections contained in this ARP or in the
Procurement Specification, where such inspections are deemed necessary to ensure that the supplies and services conform
to the stipulated requirements.

4.1.1 Physical Defect Inspection

All detail parts of the check valve should be subjected to non-destructive inspection before its assembly.

There should be no evidence of cracks or other injurious defects.

4.2 Classification of Tests

To demonstrate compliance of check valve with this ARP and the applicable Procurement Specification, two distinct test
programs should be conducted, hereinafter referred to as follows:

a. Production Acceptance Tests (see Section 5).

b. Qualification Tests (see Section 6).

4.3 Test Stand Requirements

These should be per AS4941 or AS8775, as applicable.

NOTE: AS4941 contains tolerance requirements for steady-state test conditions, including temperature and pressure.
However, if tighter tolerances are required, then they should be specified in the Procurement Specification.

4.3.1 Test Medium

The hydraulic fluid test medium should be the system hydraulic fluid as specified in 3.5.5.

4.3.2 Check Valve Axis Position

Unless otherwise specified herein, tests may be made with the check valve axis in either of the following positions:

a. Horizontal.

b. Vertical - The check valve should be positioned such that the outlet port is at the top, i.e., the force of gravity will act
with the check valve checking action.
 Downloaded from SAE International by AeroControlex Group, Wednesday, October 22, 2025

SAE INTERNATIONAL ARP4946™A Page 13 of 25

4.4 First Article Inspection

The First Article Inspection should consist of the examinations specified in 4.4.1 and the tests specified in Section 5.

4.4.1 First Article Samples

The Supplier should make available at least one check valve for review by the Purchaser’s or the Contractor’s quality
organization. The sample(s) should be representative of the design and construction, workmanship, integral components
and materials to be used during production.

4.4.2 First Article Inspection Report

If a first article inspection is required by the Procurement Specification, the Supplier’s quality organization should submit to
the Purchaser or the Contractor the following:

a. The results of the inspection.

b. The recommendation if the Qualification Test Program can commence or not.

4.4.3 Rejection

The failure of any check valve to successfully comply with any of the requirements of the First Article Inspection should be
the cause for the rejection of that check valve.

5. RECOMMENDED PRODUCTION ACCEPTANCE TESTS

Each check valve submitted for delivery under a Procurement Contract should be subjected to the following acceptance
test requirements:

a. A visual and dimensional examination (see 5.1).

b. A test program to determine product conformance to the functional and performance requirements of this ARP and the
Procurement Specification. A recommended test program is detailed in 5.2.

The tests should comprise the following:

1. Proof pressure (see 5.2.2).

2. Internal leakage (see 5.2.3).

3. Cracking pressure (see 5.2.4).

4. Weight (see 5.2.5).

5. Electro-conductive bonding - if required (see 5.2.6).

 Downloaded from SAE International by AeroControlex Group, Wednesday, October 22, 2025

SAE INTERNATIONAL ARP4946™A Page 14 of 25

5.1 Visual and Dimensional Examination

Before commencing the acceptance testing, each check valve should be inspected for quality of workmanship and to
determine compliance with this document and the referenced Procurement Specification and drawings.

5.2 Acceptance Test Program

5.2.1 General

If the check valve is intended to be installed into another component (for example, in a manifold), then it should be installed
in a representative test fixture.

The Procurement Specification should specify the hydraulic fluid maximum contamination limits per AS4059 in the test stand
for these tests.

All tests should be conducted at ambient temperature.

5.2.2 Proof Pressure Test

Apply pressure per 3.7.2 to the inlet port and then to the outlet port for 2 minutes minimum with a maximum pressure rise
rate of 25000 psi/min (172350 kPa/min) in each case. There should be:

• No external leakage

• No internal leakage when pressure is applied to the outlet port

• No permanent deformation of the check valve that would prevent it from performing its intended function after the
completion of this test

5.2.3 Internal Leakage Test

These tests should be performed with the check valve held in the vertical position per 4.3.2.b. Pressures of 5 psi (35 kPa),
1000 psi (6900 kPa) and the applicable rated system pressure should be applied at the outlet port for 3 minutes each. The
check valve poppet should be unseated between each pressure application. In each case, the leakage measurement period
should consist of the last 2 minutes of the 3 minutes.

The rate of internal leakage should not exceed the amount specified in 3.3.3. There should be no external leakage
throughout the pressure range other than a slight wetting at any seals that is insufficient to form a drop.

5.2.4 Cracking Pressure

Unless otherwise specified in the Procurement Specification, the cracking pressure is the pressure at which the poppet is
unseated allowing flow equal to or exceeding 0.3 in3/min (5 mL/min) through the check valve in the free-flow direction.

With the outlet port open, gradually increasing pressure should be applied at the inlet port beginning with zero. The cracking
pressure should be observed and it should be between the minimum and maximum pressure requirements of 3.3.1.

5.2.5 Weight

The check valve should be drained of hydraulic fluid and then be weighed. The weight should not exceed the requirements
of 3.8.

NOTE: This test should be only required for the first five production units including any allocated for qualification tests. This
test should also be conducted on random production units at a frequency agreed between the Supplier and the
Purchaser or Contractor.
 Downloaded from SAE International by AeroControlex Group, Wednesday, October 22, 2025

SAE INTERNATIONAL ARP4946™A Page 15 of 25

5.2.6 Electro-Conductive Bonding

If required by the Procurement Specification, the electrical resistance at locations specified in the Procurement Specification
on the check valve should be measured. The resistance should not exceed the requirements of 3.5.3.

5.3 Preparation for Shipment

After testing, the check valve should be prepared for delivery (including the installation of shipping caps, packaging, and
marking) per AS4941 or AS8775, as applicable.

NOTE: When the shipping cap is removed, it may be wetted with oil. This should not be construed as a hydraulic fluid
leakage failure.

5.3.1 Storage and Packing

The method of storage, packing, and marking should be per any specific requirements that are defined in the Procurement
Specification.

6. RECOMMENDED QUALIFICATION TESTS

6.1 General

Qualification tests, to check whether the check valve design conforms to the recommended requirements in this ARP, should
consist of the tests specified herein.

Before the commencement of any testing, a tolerance analysis should be performed by the Supplier that would validate the
variations/tolerances that would be permitted on key performance affecting dimensions.

Table 1 provides the listing of the tests for a check valve, together with the proposal for the number and allocation of test
check valves that the tests should be conducted on.

Table 1 - Qualification test program

Test Test #1 Check Test #2 Check Test #3

Requirement Paragraph Valve Valve Check Valve
Visual and Dimensional Examination 5.1 X
Production Acceptance Tests 5.2 X X(As applicable) X

Pressure Drop 6.2 X

Functional Tests 6.3

Leakage 6.3.1 X
Endurance Cycling 6.3.2 X
Repeated Assembly 6.3.3 X
Additional Functional Tests 6.3.4 X(If required)

Environmental Tests 6.4

Temperature Tests 6.4.1 X
Humidity 6.4.2 X(If required)(1)
Fluids Susceptibility 6.4.3 X(If required)(1)
Fungus Resistance/Fungus 6.4.4 X(If required)(1)
Salt Spray/Salt Fog 6.4.5 X(If required)(1)
Sand and Dust 6.4.6 X(If required)(1)
Waterproofness 6.4.7 X(If required)(1)
Icing 6.4.8 X(If required)(1)
 Downloaded from SAE International by AeroControlex Group, Wednesday, October 22, 2025

SAE INTERNATIONAL ARP4946™A Page 16 of 25

Table 1 - Qualification test program (continued)

Test Test #1 Check Test #2 Check Test #3

Requirement Paragraph Valve Valve Check Valve
Structural Tests 6.5
Proof Pressure Test 6.5.1 X
Fatigue (Pressure Impulse) Test 6.5.2 X
Operational Shocks Test 6.5.3 X
Vibration Test 6.5.4 X
Steady-State Acceleration Test 6.5.5 X
Surge Flow Test 6.5.6 X(If required)
Handling Loads Test 6.5.7 X
Wrench Loads Test 6.5.8 X
Flexural Strength 6.5.9 X(If required)

Destructive Tests 6.6

Pressure Vessel Ultimate (Burst) Pressure 6.6.1(2) X

Additional Tests 6.7 As required

Post Qualification Tests 6.8

Acceptance Test 6.8.1 X
Inspection 6.8.2 X

NOTES:

1. For the tests that have the superscript (1) next to the test paragraph number, this requirement may be verified by a test
conducted on a material test sample or coupon, or by analysis, similarity, or by historical data if approved by the
Purchaser or the Contractor.

2. The ultimate (burst) pressure test is to follow the pressure impulse test.

3. If the check valve is to be installed in another component (for example, in a manifold):

• Some of these tests may be conducted at the component level (to be agreed between the Purchaser or the
Contractor and the Supplier).

• The check valve should be installed in a representative test fixture for the qualification tests conducted at the
component level.

The qualification tests should be conducted on check valves that are to the production standard and have passed the
acceptance tests. The check valve used for qualification testing should be 100% inspected. The actual performance and
dimensional measurements should be recorded before and after the completion of testing.

Before the commencement of testing, the Purchaser or the Contractor should approve any discrepancies between the test
and production units.

All tests should be conducted at the ambient temperature between 60 to 100 °F (16 to 38 °C) and with the hydraulic fluid
temperature between 70 to 160 °F (21 to 71 °C) unless otherwise specified.

The hydraulic fluid contamination limits per AS4059 should be specified in the Procurement Specification for these tests
except for the endurance cycling test (refer to 6.3.2 for the specific test rig requirements).

For the proof and ultimate (burst) pressure tests, the pressure should be applied at a maximum rate of 25000 psi/min
(172350 kPa/min).
 Downloaded from SAE International by AeroControlex Group, Wednesday, October 22, 2025

SAE INTERNATIONAL ARP4946™A Page 17 of 25

If there are any tests that are additional to those listed in Table 1, then the Procurement Specification should:

a. State the test requirements.

b. Define which check valve(s) should be used for these additional tests.

6.1.1 Qualification by Similarity

The analysis to determine if all or some of the qualification tests may be waived should be conducted per AS4941 (there is
no equivalent in AS8775).

6.1.2 Qualification Unit Functional Checks

Except for the fatigue (pressure impulse) test and the pressure vessel ultimate (burst) pressure tests, each test specimen
should be subjected to the internal leakage (per 5.2.3) and the cracking pressure (per 5.2.4) before and after the completion
of each qualification test.

The Procurement Specification should state if acceptance tests are required with the check valve at different attitudes or
plumbing configurations.

6.2 Pressure Drop Test

The pressure drop test setup should follow the guidelines of ARP24.

The pressure drop through the check valve should be measured at a flow equal to the rated flow. The temperature of the
hydraulic fluid should be maintained at 100 °F ± 5 °F (38 °C ± 3 °C). The net hydraulic fluid pressure drop through the check
valve should not exceed the value specified in 3.3.5.

NOTE: If a pressure drop across a given component is critical, it is recommended to conduct a tare test before conducting
the main flow test (gross). This test is conducted by installing a dummy spool piece of approximately the same
length and port size as the component to be tested. The tare value is subtracted from the gross value giving the net
pressure drop across the check valve.

The Procurement Specification should state if it is required to conduct the pressure drop test at more than one hydraulic
fluid temperature and/or if pressure drop measurements are required at various flow rates up to the rated flow.

6.3 Functional Tests

6.3.1 Leakage

This test should be initially performed with the check valve held in the horizontal position.

Apply the low pressure as nominated in the Procurement Specification to the outlet port for 32 minutes. The leakage
measurement period should begin 2 minutes after the application of the required pressure. The internal leakage should not
exceed the amount recommended in 3.3.3.

Repeat the test at the nominal system return pressure having unseated the check valve poppet before the application of
the test pressure. Then repeat the test at rated system pressure having again unseated the check valve poppet before the
application of the test pressure.

Repeat the tests with the check valve held in the vertical position as specified in 4.3.2 b.

There should be no external leakage at each test pressure.

6.3.2 Endurance Cycling

Unless otherwise specified in the Procurement Specification, the check valve should be cycled per the test procedure
detailed below.
 Downloaded from SAE International by AeroControlex Group, Wednesday, October 22, 2025

SAE INTERNATIONAL ARP4946™A Page 18 of 25

Using a test setup similar to that shown in Figure 1, the check valve should be subjected to 250000 endurance cycles (or
as stipulated in the Procurement Specification and/or the guidelines of AS4941). The cycling rate should be agreed upon
between the Purchaser or the Contractor and Supplier.

NOTE: Typical endurance testing cycle rates for check valves are between 30 to 100 cycles per minute.

Each cycle should consist of flow through the check valve at the rated flow, followed by a reversal of the direction of flow
with the application of the maximum rated system pressure.

The peak pressure during the pressure application portion of each cycle should be 125% ± 5% of the test unit’s rated
operating pressure as specified in the Procurement Specification or drawing. The actual cycling rate, a picture of the
pressure trace, and a schematic drawing of the test setup should be included in the qualification test report.

The test unit should complete five layers of endurance testing. Three layers should be conducted at the hydraulic fluid
temperature of 60 to 160 °F (16 to 71 °C), one layer should be conducted at the maximum normal operating hydraulic fluid
temperature, and one layer should be conducted at a low hydraulic fluid temperature.

NOTE: Ideally the hydraulic fluid temperature should be -40 °F (-40 °C) for the low temperature layer, but experience has
shown that this is not practical due to the heating of the hydraulic fluid during this test. The Purchaser or the
Contractor and Supplier should agree the hydraulic fluid temperature for this part of the test.

Figure 1 - Typical endurance test setup

Following the completion of each layer, the check valve should then satisfactorily complete the leakage test per 5.2.3 and
the cracking pressure test per 5.2.4.

The hydraulic fluid used in the endurance test should be the same as that specified in the Procurement Specification. The
endurance test rig should use filters that have the same filtration ratings that are used in the application. The Procurement
Specification should provide the filtration details.
 Downloaded from SAE International by AeroControlex Group, Wednesday, October 22, 2025

SAE INTERNATIONAL ARP4946™A Page 19 of 25

Before, and after the endurance test, the following inspections should be performed on the test unit.

a. Non-destructive testing to check for cracks.

b. The dimensions of all parts with critical tolerances that are subject to wear should be measured and recorded. Details
and a list of parts to be measured should be submitted with the supplier’s test procedure.

Any non-compliance with the functional or performance requirements, cracks or other injurious defects should be cause for
rejection and/or test failure.

6.3.3 Repeated Assembly

NOTE: This is only applicable to line-mounted check valves.

A tube assembly with the applicable fittings’ interfaces should be assembled to each end of the check valve and
disassembled for eight successive times, using the torque values for the specific fitting end style (for example, AS5148 for
flareless or AS683 for flared style fitting ends) or as defined in the Procurement Specification. After the repeated assembly
test, the check valve should then satisfactorily complete the proof pressure test specified in 5.2.2.

6.3.4 Additional Functional Tests

If the Procurement Specification required any additional functional tests, then these should be conducted after the
completion of the repeated assembly test.

6.4 Environmental Tests

The following tests should be carried out on the check valve.

NOTE: Testing is not required if compliance to these environmental conditions can be demonstrated by similarity/analogy
or analysis to the satisfaction of the Purchaser or the Contractor.

6.4.1 Temperature Tests

For these tests, the check valve should be connected to a static head of 1 to 3 feet (0.3 to 0.9 m) of the applicable hydraulic
fluid in the check direction.

6.4.1.1 Temperature Survival Tests

6.4.1.1.1 Low Temperature

If the check valve contains nonmetallic parts other than static seals, the test setup should be maintained for 72 hours at a
temperature not warmer than the lower of the specified ambient or the hydraulic fluid survival minimum temperatures. This
period may be reduced to 24 hours if all of the parts except for the static seals are metal.

After this period, warm the check valve hydraulic fluid to the room ambient temperature. When the temperature of the check
valve has stabilized, conduct the internal leakage test specified in 5.2.3 and the cracking pressure test as specified in 5.2.4.

The cracking pressure test should be accomplished with the results recorded but need not comply with the requirements of
5.2.3 at temperatures below 0 °F (-18 °C).
 Downloaded from SAE International by AeroControlex Group, Wednesday, October 22, 2025

SAE INTERNATIONAL ARP4946™A Page 20 of 25

6.4.1.1.2 High Temperature

The temperature should be maintained for 24 hours at the higher of the specified ambient or the hydraulic fluid maximum
survival temperature.

After this period, cool the check valve fluid to the room ambient temperature. When the temperature of the check valve has
stabilized, conduct the internal leakage test specified in 5.2.3 and the cracking pressure test as specified in 5.2.4.

6.4.1.2 Temperature Functioning Tests

6.4.1.2.1 Low Temperature

If the check valve contains nonmetallic parts other than static seals, the test setup should be maintained for 72 hours at a
temperature not warmer than the lower of the specified ambient or the hydraulic fluid operating. This period may be reduced
to 24 hours if all of the parts except for the static seals are metallic.

After this period, the check valve poppet should then be actuated at least twice. At the end of this test while at the same
temperature conditions above, the check valve should satisfactorily complete the leakage test specified in 5.2.3.

The cracking pressure test should be accomplished with the results recorded but need not comply with the requirements of
5.2.3 at temperatures below 0 °F (-18 °C).

6.4.1.2.2 Intermediate Temperature Functioning

The test setup should be warmed rapidly from the minimum operating temperature to the higher of the specified ambient or
the hydraulic fluid maximum operating temperatures. The check valve should be actuated at increments of approximately
40 °F (22 °C) to determine that the check valve operates satisfactorily throughout the temperature range. These check tests
should be made without waiting for the temperature of the whole unit to stabilize.

6.4.1.2.3 High-Temperature Functioning

The temperature should be maintained for 72 hours at the higher of the specified ambient or the hydraulic fluid maximum
operating temperatures. This period may be reduced to 24 hours if all of the parts except for the static seals are metallic.

The poppet should then be actuated at least twice. At the end of this test while at the same temperature above, the check
valve should then satisfactorily complete the leakage test specified in 5.2.3 and the cracking pressure test specified in 5.2.4.

6.4.2 Humidity

The analysis and/or testing should be per AS4941 or AS8775, as applicable.

6.4.3 Fluids Susceptibility

The analysis and/or testing should be per AS4941.

6.4.4 Fungus Resistance/Fungus

The analysis and/or testing should be per AS4941 or AS8775, as applicable.

6.4.5 Salt Spray/Salt Fog

The analysis and/or testing should be per AS4941 or AS8775, as applicable.

6.4.6 Sand and Dust

The analysis and/or testing should be per AS4941 or AS8775, as applicable.

 Downloaded from SAE International by AeroControlex Group, Wednesday, October 22, 2025

SAE INTERNATIONAL ARP4946™A Page 21 of 25

6.4.7 Waterproofness

The analysis and/or testing should be per AS4941.

6.4.8 Icing

The analysis and/or testing should be per AS4941 or AS8775, as applicable.

6.5 Structural Tests

6.5.1 Proof Pressure Tests

The test set-up/procedure should accommodate for the hydraulic fluid expansion of up to 10% of the volume during the
heating cycle. When the heating cycle has been completed, the check valve should then be completely filled with fluid.

The check valve should be subjected to a pressure test as defined in 5.2.2 at the higher of the specified ambient and the
hydraulic fluid rated temperatures. During and following this test, there should be no internal or external leakage or
permanent deformation.

NOTE: The tests can be conducted at room temperature, but the test pressure should be increased to cater for the loss of
strength of the check valve at the maximum specified operating temperature. The Purchaser or Contractor should
agree the test pressure.

6.5.2 Fatigue (Pressure Impulse) Test

The test should be performed using the procedures as recommended in ARP1383. The Procurement Specification should
specify the waveform (Figures 1 to 3) from ARP1383 that most closely matches the check valve application.

Unless otherwise specified in the Procurement Specification, the testing should be conducted at ambient temperature. If
the Procurement Specification requires the test to be conducted over a range of temperatures, then the Procurement
Specification should state the percentage of the test to be conducted at each temperature.

The test pressure should be that as specified in the Procurement Specification and the minimum pressure should be 100 psi
(690 kPa).

Testing should be conducted in a test rig with a pressure transducer or similar pressure-measuring device located in the
first 3.0 inches (76 mm) of plumbing from the check valve. The pressure measuring device should be connected to a suitable
instrument so that the rate of pressure buildup and peak pressures obtained can be accurately recorded in terms of response
time and static accuracy. With a calibrated pressure gage showing the correct test pressure, the regulator valve, flow rate,
etc., should be adjusted so that the instrument will show the required pressure buildup rate.

Unless otherwise specified in the Procurement Specification, the check valve should be subjected to 75000 pressure
impulse cycles at a rate of 1 to 2 cycles per second with the inlet and outlet ports pressurized simultaneously and
75000 impulse cycles at the outlet port only with the inlet port open to atmosphere.

A permanent record of the dynamic pressure/time history of the pressure impulse test should be made. Unless otherwise
agreed between the Purchaser or Contractor and the Supplier, this should be repeated at every 15000 cycles to ensure that
the pressure/time history of the impulse is maintained.

After the test, if the Procurement Specification requires any functional/performance tests to be conducted, then the tests
should be conducted at this stage.

The check valve should be inspected for evidence of cracks using, for example, dye penetrant or magnetic particle
inspection.

Any fatigue-induced cracks should constitute a test failure.

 Downloaded from SAE International by AeroControlex Group, Wednesday, October 22, 2025

SAE INTERNATIONAL ARP4946™A Page 22 of 25

6.5.3 Operational Shocks Tests

6.5.3.1 Test Set-Up

The operational shocks test should be conducted with the check valve mounted in a rigid test fixture and with the mounting
means which has been approved by the Purchaser or Contractor. The mounting of the check valve should include those
non-structural connections that are a normal part of the installation.

6.5.3.2 Test Procedure

The Procurement Specification should state if the test is to be conducted with no flow and either the rated system pressure
or the return pressure applied to both ports.

Conduct the test per 3.7.5.

After the test, the check valve should be inspected for evidence of cracks using, for example, dye penetrant or magnetic
particle inspection.

Any shock-induced cracks should constitute a test failure.

6.5.4 Vibration Tests

6.5.4.1 Test Set-Up

The check valve should be installed in a test setup that simulates the aircraft installation.

If the check valve is a line-mounted type, with the appropriate tubing attached to the fitting ends, install clamps to the tubing
directly adjacent to the check valve, or as specified in the Procurement Specification.

The Procurement specification should specify any performance test requirements to be conducted during the vibration
testing and the associated levels.

6.5.4.2 Test Procedure

The Procurement Specification should state if the test is to be conducted with no flow and either the rated system pressure
or the return pressure applied to both ports.

The testing should be conducted per 3.7.6 in each of the three orthogonal axes. The leakage and cracking pressure tests
should be performed a minimum of once per axis. There should be no mechanical failure of parts resulting from this test.

NOTE: A two-axis test may be run for axisymmetric check valves. However, the test time should be extended appropriately
to account for the reduced time in the vertical and side-to-side testing.

After the test, the check valve should be inspected for evidence of cracks using, for example, dye penetrant or magnetic
particle inspection. The check valve should then complete the leakage test specified in 5.2.3 and the cracking pressure test
specified in 5.2.4. Any vibration-induced cracks or non-compliance to the leakage test/cracking tests should constitute a
test failure.

6.5.4.3 Other Vibration or Shock Tests

The Procurement Specification should provide the specific requirements if it requires other vibration (for example, fan blade
out or sustained engine imbalance) or shock tests to be performed or if a particular installation imposes additional
environmental conditions that are peculiar to its system requirements.
 Downloaded from SAE International by AeroControlex Group, Wednesday, October 22, 2025

SAE INTERNATIONAL ARP4946™A Page 23 of 25

6.5.5 Steady-State Acceleration Test

A steady-state acceleration test should be conducted on the check valve per MIL-STD-810, Method 513, Procedure V to
determine if the check valve has parts that could be damaged by steady-state accelerations.

The Procurement Specification should state if the test is to be conducted with no flow and either the rated system pressure
or the return pressure applied to both ports.

6.5.6 Surge Flow Test

The recommended test setup is shown in Figure 2.

Figure 2 - Typical setup for surge flow test

NOTES:

1. The selector valve should enable surge flows from the accumulator to be supplied to the check valve and has a low
pressure drop across it so that it does not have any effect on the test results.

2. All tube outside diameters should be at least one size larger than the check valve tube size.

3. The tube lengths should be the minimum possible.

4. Hydraulic hoses should not be used.

Table 2 provides the recommended accumulator gas charge pressures at room temperature for different rated system
pressures.

Table 2 - Recommended accumulator gas charge pressures

Accumulator Gas Precharge at Accumulator Gas Precharge at

Rated System Pressure Rated System Pressure Room Temperature Room Temperature
(psi) (kPa) (psi) (kPa)
1500 10345 600 4140
3000 20690 1000 6900
4000 27600 1600 11300
5000 34500 2200 15170
 Downloaded from SAE International by AeroControlex Group, Wednesday, October 22, 2025

SAE INTERNATIONAL ARP4946™A Page 24 of 25

The accumulator should be sized such that after 5 seconds of hydraulic fluid flow from the accumulator, which was initially
pressurized at the rated system pressure, the hydraulic pressure is at least 70% of the rated system pressure.

The surge flow test should consist of conducting 25 cycles of:

• Applying the rated system pressure to the outlet port.

• Operating the selector valve to remove pressure from the outlet port and to allow the accumulator to provide a surge
flow to the check valve Inlet port for a minimum of 5 seconds.

• Operating the selector valve to supply the rated system pressure to the outlet port for a minimum of 3 seconds.

There should be no mechanical failure of any parts of the check valve resulting from this test.

6.5.7 Handling Loads Test

A bench-handling test should be conducted on the check valve per MIL-STD-810, Method 516, Procedure VI to determine
if the check valve has parts that could be damaged by the mishandling of the unit.

6.5.8 Wrench Load Test

NOTE: This is only applicable to line-mounted check valves.

With the check valve mounted in a suitable fixture, apply the torque as per 3.7.10 to the ports. After the test, the check valve
should be inspected for evidence of cracks using, for example, dye penetrant or magnetic particle inspection.

Any signs of failure or permanent distortion of the check valve should constitute a test failure.

6.5.9 Flexural Strength

If required in the Procurement Specification, flexural strength testing should be conducted per the recommendations of
ARP1185 or as specified in the Procurement Specification.

6.6 Destructive Tests

6.6.1 Ultimate (Burst) Pressure

The test set-up/procedure should accommodate for the hydraulic fluid expansion of up to 10% of the volume during the
heating cycle. When the heating cycle has been completed and with the outlet port capped, the check valve should then be
filled with hydraulic fluid.

Apply pressure per 3.7.3 to the inlet port for 1 minute minimum at the higher of the ambient and the hydraulic fluid rated
temperatures. During and following this test, there should be no evidence of external leakage, failure, or rupture.

NOTE: The tests can be conducted at room temperature, but the test pressure should be increased to cater for the loss of
strength of the check valve at the maximum specified operating temperature. The Purchaser or Contractor should
agree the on test pressure.

6.7 Additional Tests

If the Procurement Specification requires any additional tests, then these should be conducted on an additional test check
valve.
 Downloaded from SAE International by AeroControlex Group, Wednesday, October 22, 2025

SAE INTERNATIONAL ARP4946™A Page 25 of 25

6.8 Post Qualification Tests

6.8.1 Acceptance Tests

NOTE: To be only conducted on the Test #1 check valve.

The check valve should be subjected to the qualification unit functional checks as detailed in 6.1.2.

6.8.2 Inspection

After the completion of the Functional Tests (Test #1 check valve) and the Operational Shocks and Vibration Tests (Test
#3 check valve), the check valve should be disassembled and inspected. Any evidence of excessive wear should be
reported, and an investigation into the cause be conducted. If necessary, the part(s) should be modified and the applicable
part of the qualification test program should then be repeated.

7. NOTES

7.1 Revision Indicator

A change bar (|) located in the left margin is for the convenience of the user in locating areas where technical revisions, not
editorial changes, have been made to the previous issue of this document. An (R) symbol to the left of the document title
indicates a complete revision of the document, including technical revisions. Change bars and (R) are not used in original
publications, nor in documents that contain editorial changes only.

PREPARED BY SAE A-6C2 SEALS COMMITTEE