Scribd
Upload
59 views2 pages

Physics Class X Lenses Chapter

The document covers the fundamentals of lenses, including types (convex and concave), important terms, ray diagrams, lens formula, magnification, applications, and power of a lens. Convex lenses converge light and can produce real or virtual images depending on the object's position, while concave lenses always produce virtual images. Key formulas related to lenses are also provided, including the lens formula and magnification ratio.

Uploaded by

som61364
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
59 views2 pages

Physics Class X Lenses Chapter

The document covers the fundamentals of lenses, including types (convex and concave), important terms, ray diagrams, lens formula, magnification, applications, and power of a lens. Convex lenses converge light and can produce real or virtual images depending on the object's position, while concave lenses always produce virtual images. Key formulas related to lenses are also provided, including the lens formula and magnification ratio.

Uploaded by

som61364
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

■ Physics Class X – Chapter: Lenses and Image

Formation
■ Introduction
A lens is a transparent piece of glass or plastic with two curved surfaces that
refract light rays. Lenses are mainly of two types: Convex (converging) and
Concave (diverging). They are widely used in optical instruments such as cameras,
microscopes, spectacles, and telescopes.

■ Types of Lenses
1. Convex Lens: Thicker at the center and thinner at the edges. It converges
parallel rays of light to a point called the focus. 2. Concave Lens: Thinner at the
center and thicker at the edges. It diverges parallel rays away from a point called
the focus.

■ Important Terms Related to Lenses


• Optical Center (O): The central point of a lens through which light passes
without deviation. • Principal Axis: The straight line passing through the optical
center and the centers of curvature. • Focus (F): The point where rays parallel to
the principal axis meet (convex) or appear to diverge from (concave). • Focal
Length (f): The distance between the optical center and the principal focus.

■ Ray Diagrams for a Convex Lens


1■■ Object at infinity → Image at focus (real, inverted, and highly diminished).
2■■ Object beyond 2F → Image between F and 2F (real, inverted, diminished).
3■■ Object at 2F → Image at 2F (real, inverted, same size). 4■■ Object between
F and 2F → Image beyond 2F (real, inverted, enlarged). 5■■ Object at F → Image
at infinity. 6■■ Object between F and O → Image is virtual, erect, and enlarged.

■ Ray Diagrams for a Concave Lens


No matter where the object is placed, the image formed by a concave lens is
always virtual, erect, and diminished. It appears on the same side of the lens as
the object.

■ Lens Formula and Sign Convention


The relationship between object distance (u), image distance (v), and focal length
(f) is given by: 1/f = 1/v - 1/u • All distances are measured from the optical center. •
Distances measured in the direction of incident light are positive. • Distances
measured opposite to the direction of light are negative.

■ Magnification (m)
Magnification is the ratio of the height of the image to the height of the object. m =
h'/h = v/u • For real images: m is negative. • For virtual images: m is positive.

■ Applications of Lenses
• Used in spectacles to correct vision defects. • Used in microscopes and
telescopes to magnify objects. • Cameras use convex lenses to focus light. •
Projectors and magnifying glasses use convex lenses for image enlargement.

■■ Power of a Lens
The power of a lens (P) is the reciprocal of its focal length in meters. P = 1/f (in
diopters) • Convex lens → Positive power • Concave lens → Negative power

■ Key Formulas: 1/f = 1/v - 1/u | m = h'/h = v/u | P = 1/f

You might also like