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C++ Basics

C++ is a high-performance, object-oriented programming language developed by Bjarne Stroustrup in the early 1980s, combining the efficiency of C with OOP features. It supports both procedural and object-oriented paradigms, making it suitable for various applications, including operating systems and game engines. Key features include classes, inheritance, polymorphism, encapsulation, and the Standard Template Library (STL), which enhance code modularity and reusability.

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4 views1 page

C++ Basics

C++ is a high-performance, object-oriented programming language developed by Bjarne Stroustrup in the early 1980s, combining the efficiency of C with OOP features. It supports both procedural and object-oriented paradigms, making it suitable for various applications, including operating systems and game engines. Key features include classes, inheritance, polymorphism, encapsulation, and the Standard Template Library (STL), which enhance code modularity and reusability.

Uploaded by

devranirahul1
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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C++ is a powerful, high-performance, object-oriented programming language developed by

Bjarne Stroustrup in the early 1980s as an extension of the C language. It was designed to
combine the efficiency of C with the added features of object-oriented programming (OOP),
making it suitable for both low-level system programming and high-level application
development. C++ supports both procedural and object-oriented paradigms, which is why
it’s often referred to as a multi-paradigm language. It is widely used in developing operating
systems, game engines, databases, and real-time simulations because of its speed and
control over system resources.

At its core, a C++ program is made up of functions, variables, classes, and objects. The
execution of every program begins with the main() function. C++ supports a wide range of
data types such as int, float, char, double, and bool, and provides strong control structures
like if-else, switch, for, while, and do-while loops for logical flow. Operators like arithmetic (+,
-, *, /), relational (==, !=, <, >), logical (&&, ||, !), and bitwise operators enhance its expressive
power. It also includes input/output operations using the iostream library with cin for input
and cout for output.

A major strength of C++ lies in its Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) features such as
classes, objects, inheritance, polymorphism, encapsulation, and abstraction. These concepts
help in designing modular and reusable code. Classes act as blueprints for creating objects
and can contain data members and member functions. Inheritance allows one class to derive
properties from another, while polymorphism enables functions and objects to take multiple
forms using function overloading and virtual functions. Encapsulation hides data within a
class, and abstraction focuses on essential details while hiding implementation complexities.

C++ also provides support for pointers and memory management, which allows
programmers to directly manipulate memory addresses. Dynamic memory allocation is
achieved through operators like new and delete, giving developers fine-grained control over
resource management. The Standard Template Library (STL) is another powerful feature of
C++, offering a collection of pre-built classes and functions for data structures (like vectors,
stacks, queues, maps) and algorithms (like sorting and searching). STL helps in writing
efficient and reusable code with minimal effort.

Overall, C++ is a foundational programming language that bridges the gap between low-
level hardware control and high-level software development. Its combination of
performance, flexibility, and rich feature set makes it ideal for system software, embedded
systems, competitive programming, and large-scale applications. Learning C++ helps build a
strong understanding of programming concepts and provides a solid base for mastering
advanced languages like Java, Python, and C#.

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