JAVASCRIPT

JavaScript is the world most popular programming language.

Java script is used for
 Front end web development
 Mobile app
 Desktop app development
 Server-side programming etc.

It is no 1 programming language.
It is case sensitive.
-Installation node js first
First javascript is run only on browser .nodejs create runtime environment
or javascript run on compiler .
 output
In js to print any thing ----console.log is use
Console.log(“ “);
Run in terminal node file name-----eg node demo.js
 variable
is use to store data in box .box is name as variable.
String means word or sentence written in double quotes “ “
Var indentifier
Varables naming rules
No number in starting ,but it is allowed
Underscore is use
$ sign can use
Keyword cannot be use
Var demo;----declared
Var demo=1;----assign
We can declared variable of same name more times.

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To check datatype---typeof----is used

Let—is same as var

Difference between var and let is
In var we can redeclared variable but in let we cannot redeclared variable
It show error
Constant-----we canot change value

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Indexing

To print the length of string use .length

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Trim
Trim is use to remove spaces from string

toUpperCase() toLowerCase()
convert into uppercase and lowercase

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Slice()
The slice() method in JavaScript is used to extract a portion of an array or a string without
modifying the original.

Convert number into string and string into number

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String concatenation
String concatenation means joining two or more strings together to form a single string

Template string
A template string (also called a template literal) is a way to create
strings that allows embedding variables and expressions directly
within the string — usually using special syntax.
Template literals are enclosed by backticks ( ` ` ) and use ${} to embed
expressions.

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Why type of null is an object ?
This is a well-known quirk (bug) in JavaScript. It dates back to the first
version of the language. null was meant to represent the absence of
any object value, but due to how types were stored in the early
implementation, typeof null ended up being "object" — and it has
stayed that way for backward compatibility.

Big int
BigInt is a special numeric type in JavaScript that allows you to represent integers larger

 operator
|
arithmetic operator
- sub two operands
* Multiple
** power star--------eg-5**2---it will give u--25
/ divide
% modulo---remainder
++ increment-------+1
- - decrement-------- -1

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 One operand

Assignment operator
=
+=
-=
*=
/=
%=
**=

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Comparison operator
>
<
>=
<=
==
!=
In this output is always true or false
= assign
== equal too
=== equal and typeoff

Logical operator
&& AND------BOTH TRUE ------ANS----TRUE
|| OR-------ONE TRUE-------ANS-----TRUE
! NOT-----TRUE-FALSE-----FALSE-TRUE

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If,else if and else

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Loops
Loops are used to repeat a block of code multiple times.

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While loop
it is use to repeat a set of code number of times

Sum of 1 to 10 number

Without loop

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For loop
In JavaScript, a for loop is used to run a block of code a specific number of times.

Break
In JavaScript, the break statement is used to exit a loop or a switch statement prematurely—
that is, before it would normally finish on its own.

Continue
In JavaScript, the continue statement is used to skip the current iteration of a loop and jump
to the next one.

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Do while
In JavaScript, the do...while loop is a control flow statement that executes a block of code at
least once, and then continues executing it as long as a specified condition is true.

Array
array is a data structure used in JavaScript to store multiple values in a single variable. Each
value in an array has a numbered position, called an index, which starts from 0.

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Arrays are mutable
 can change their contents after creation.
 You can add, remove, or modify elements without changing the
original reference.

Array push pop

push(): Adds one or more elements to the end of an array.
pop(): Removes the last element from an array and returns it.

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Also give the pop element

Unshift
unshift() adds one or more elements to the beginning
of an array.

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Shift
shift() removes the first element from an array.

Primitive vs references data types

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Primitive data types are the most basic types of data in
JavaScript. These are immutable values, meaning they
cannot be altered after creation.

Reference data types, on the other hand, are more

complex and include objects, arrays, and functions.
They are mutable, meaning their properties or
elements can be changed.

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How to clone array
Slice method is use

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The slice() method is used to extract a portion of an
array or string without changing the original data.

By concat ()
The concat() method is used to combine two or more
arrays or strings into a new one. It does not change the
original values.

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For loop in array

While loop in array

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Object
An object in JavaScript is a collection of key-value pairs
used to store and manage data.

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How to iterate object

Computed value
means a value that is calculated based on an expression or dynamically
gnerated at runtime.

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Spread operator
The spread operator (...) is used to expand elements of
an array or object.

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Object destructuring
Object destructuring means pulling out values from an
object and storing them in variables easily.

Object inside array

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Nested destructer
Nested destructuring means extracting values from objects inside other
objects (or arrays inside objects), directly.

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Function

Find the target in array

Function inside function

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Let and const block
In JavaScript, both let and const are block-scoped — they only work inside the
block {} where they are declared.

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Rest parameter
The rest parameter (...) allows a function to accept any
number of arguments as an array.

Call function
The call() method is used to call a function with a
specific this value and arguments.

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Function returning function
In JavaScript, a function can return another function.
This is called a higher-order function.

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For each
The forEach() method is used to loop through arrays
and run a function on each item.

Map method
The map() method is used to create a new array by applying a
function to each item of the original array

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Filter method
The filter() method creates a new array containing all elements that pass a specific test (i.e.,
meet a condition).

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Reduce method
The reduce() method is used to accumulate or reduce
an array into a single value, by applying a function to
each element.

Sort method

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Find method
The find() method is used to find the first element in
an array that satisfies a given condition. It returns the
value of the first matching element or undefined if no
element matches.

Every method
The every() method checks if every element in an array
meets a specified condition. It returns true if all
elements satisfy the condition; otherwise, it returns
false.

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Some method
The some() method checks if at least one element in
an array meets a specified condition. It returns true if
any element satisfies the condition, and false if none of
the elements satisfy it.

Fill method

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The fill() method is used to change all elements in an
array to a specific value, from a start index to an end
index. It modifies the original array in place.

Splice method
The splice() method is used to add, remove, or replace
elements in an array at a specific position. It modifies
the original array.

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Iterables
In JavaScript, an iterable is any object that can be
looped over, meaning you can access each element or
property one by one. Iterables allow the use of loops
like for...of or methods like map(), filter(), and reduce()
to process their elements.

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Sets
A Set is a built-in JavaScript object that allows you to
store unique values of any type. Unlike arrays, a Set
does not allow duplicate values.

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Unique element
To find unique elements in an array, you need to
remove duplicates. In JavaScript, there are a few ways
to accomplish this. Here are some common
approaches:

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Map ()
The map() method is a built-in JavaScript array function
that creates a new array by applying a function to each
element of an existing array. It does not modify the
original array, and it returns a new array with the
results.

Clone using object

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In JavaScript, cloning an object means creating a new
object that is a copy of the original object. This new
object should have the same properties and values, but
it should be a completely separate object (i.e.,
modifying the clone should not affect the original
object).

Optional chaining
Optional Chaining is a feature in JavaScript that allows
you to safely access deeply nested properties of an
object without having to check for each level of the
object. It helps avoid runtime errors like TypeError:
Cannot read property 'X' of undefined when trying to
access properties on null or undefined.

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