MUNIK XIV - IBA PUBLIC SPEAKING SOCIETY

MUNIK XIV
STUDY GUIDE
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As President of MUNIK XIV, I extend a warm welcome to all delegates. This conference
signifies our shared dedication to dialogue and inventive solutions for global challenges.
Your active participation is crucial in shaping MUNIK XIV as a platform where ideas thrive
and connections endure, contributing to the global diplomatic landscape.
Muhammad Usman Rasheed
PRESIDENT MUNIK XIV

On behalf of Model United Nations IBA Karachi (MUNIK XIV), I extend a warm and cordial welcome to each of you.
As Vice President, I am privileged to witness the convergence of diverse perspectives within this prestigious forum.
Your presence underscores a commitment to fostering dialogue and seeking collaborative solutions to global
challenges. MUNIK XIV serves as a crucible for ideas. May your contributions to this conference transcend
boundaries, paving the way for meaningful discourse and mutual understanding.

Aisha Ishaq
Vice President, MUNIK XIV.

It is with great honor and pleasure that I welcome you to the fourteenth edition of Model United Nations IBA Karachi
(MUNIK XIV). As the Secretary-General, I extend my warmest greetings to each delegate participating in this
prestigious conference. MUNIK XIV is poised to be a platform where intellect, diplomacy, and collaboration converge
to address the pressing global issues of our time. Your commitment to diplomacy and discourse is instrumental in
shaping the success of this conference, and I am confident that your contributions will foster meaningful dialogue and
innovative solutions. Together, let us embody the spirit of unity and cooperation as we embark on this enlightening
journey.

Sidra Kamran
General Secretary, MUNIK XIV.
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Welcome Delegates! I'm Haris Fawad, the Academic Curator for MUNIK XIV.
Looking forward to some heated debates, I hope this iteration is a learning
experience for you above all things.
Docendo discimus!
HARIS FAWAD
ACADEMIC CURATOR, MUNIK XIV

I WELCOME YOU ALL TO THE 14TH EDITION OF MUNIK XIV. with raising your
voice on key issues there is much more to be done this year. along with uniting young
leaders we are aiming to create some leaders this year. You all have great potential,
this is the right platform to polish your skills.
THE HYPE IS REAL, THIS YEAR WILL SURELY BE
AN EXCEPTIONAL EXPERIENCE.
AMNA ISHAQ
HUMAN RESOURCE LEAD, MUNIK XIV
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Model United Nations IBA Karachi (MUNIK)

MUNIK is a three-day international relations simulation held annually at IBA Karachi. Each January,
more than 1000 delegates congregate to confront and debate global issues. In participating at
MUNIK, delegates experience first-hand, the challenges of negotiation by assuming the roles of
United Nations representatives and members of other decision-making bodies. This fourteenth
iteration will consist of 10 committees, ranging from General Assembly, Specialized Agencies and
Regional Bodies. MUNIK, presented by the IBA Public Speaking Society, is a premier Model United
Nations conference built upon a decades old tradition of excellence.

What is MUN?
Model United Nations is an academic simulation of the United Nations where students play the role
of delegates from different countries and attempt to solve real world issues with the policies and
perspectives of their assigned country. For example, a student may be assigned the Russian
Federation and will have to solve global topics such as nuclear non-proliferation or climate change
from the policies and perspectives of the Russian Federation.

How to prepare for MUN?

Once you have signed up for a conference, you will receive your country assignment, your
committee, and its topics. MUNIK provides a Background Guide that introduces the topics — read
that first.
There are typically three items to prepare before you walk into your first conference: the Position
Paper (sometimes called a Policy Statement), your Opening Speech, and a Research Binder
1. Position Paper
The Position Paper is a one or two page document that is essentially a summary of your knowledge
of the topic and the position your country plans to take when it enters committee. It typically
contains four sections: Background of Topic, Past International Actions, Country Policy, and
Possible Solutions. Position Papers are usually due before the conference.
The key starting points for researching each section are listed below. They will help you get started
with participating in your first Model UN conference, but you will want to dig deeper as you develop
more experience.
Background of topic: Background guide of the topic provided by the conference, Google, the news,
Wikipedia (to frame the topic)
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Past international actions: UN website, your committee’s website, key treaties or resolutions
mentioned in your background guide, UN or NGO reports
Country policy: CIA World Factbook, your country’s foreign ministry website, domestic
programs within your country, and your country’s voting record on key treaties or resolutions
Possible Solutions: NGO or think tank policy recommendations, past UN resolutions that you’d
like to change or expand on, and your own creativity!

2. Opening Speech
The Opening Speech typically lasts about 1 minute or 1 minute and 30 seconds and is the first
speech you give to the committee. It is the best opportunity for you to explain your country
policy and the key sub-issues you would like the committee to focus on. Opening Speeches are
the main way for countries to determine who they want to work with, so it’s important to
prepare a speech that conveys this. There are many tips and strategies on how to deliver an
Opening Speech but use your Position Paper as a guide when you are starting out. The most
important action is to just be brave and make your first speech.
3. Research Binder
Research Binders are optional but highly recommended. An organized Research Binder will be
your go-to resource during the conference as new terms and acronyms, previous resolutions
and treaties, and possible solutions are mentioned.

Moderated Caucus
Moderated caucuses are used to dive into the specifics of the committee topic. While the
speakers list invites general comment on the issue at hand, statements of countries’ positions et
cetera, moderated caucuses invited more direct debate. Speeches should be more responsive in
a moderated caucus, i.e. when you get up to speak you should not speak in isolation; instead,
you should respond to others’ arguments and position your own argument in the broader scope
of the committee. These speeches are a good opportunity to signal to the rest of the committee
what sort of countries you are or would be willing to work with.
The purpose of a moderated caucus is to facilitate substantive debate at critical junctures in the
discussion. In a moderated caucus, the Chair will temporarily depart from the Speakers List and
call on delegates to speak at his or her discretion. Although the default is to only call one
speaker at a time, the Chair, at his or her discretion, may create a list of up to a maximum of five
speakers at any time. The Chair cannot create a list of all the speakers of a moderated caucus.
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Unmoderated Caucus
An unmoderated caucus is a state of committee during which no speakers are recognized by the
moderator. Though no debate takes place, the committee invariably hums with activity. During
unmoderated caucuses, delegates often try to come to consensus, organize blocs, and write
documents.
A delegate may motion for an unmoderated caucus at any time when the floor is open, prior to
closure of debate. The delegate making the motion must specify a time limit for the caucus, not to
exceed twenty minutes. The motion will immediately be put to a vote and will pass given a simple
majority. In the case of multiple unmoderated caucuses, the Chair will rank the motions in
descending order of length, and the Committee members will vote accordingly. The Chair may rule
the motion dilatory, and his or her decision is not subject to appeal. An unmoderated caucus may
be extended only once, and the combined length of an unmoderated caucus and its extension may
not exceed twenty minutes.

Basics of a Resolution
Who: Who writes a resolution? Any delegate in the committee can write a resolution (although in
rare instances an observer state is not allowed to directly write a resolution). The author of a
resolution is called a sponsor. Most resolutions have multiple sponsors because it takes a group of
countries to share good ideas and to come to a consensus. Some conferences allow delegates to
sponsor multiple resolutions for each topic while others only allow delegates to sponsor one per
topic.
What: What is a resolution? A resolution is a document that contains all the issues that the
committee wants to solve and the proposed solutions to that issue. It’s called a resolution because
that’s what the United Nations calls the documents they produce. Technically, the resolution
should be called a draft resolution before it is voted upon and then called a resolution after it is
successfully passed during voting bloc.
When/Where: When and where are resolutions written? Most conferences require students to write
resolutions during the conference. Specifically, resolutions are usually written during unmoderated
caucus (sometimes called informal caucus) where delegates are free to roam around the committee
to collaborate on ideas with each other, and sometimes students work outside in hallways or
computer labs as well. Resolution-writing becomes more focused during the latter sessions of
committee when different country policies are clear and different ideas have been mentioned
already. These conferences will not allow any pre-written resolutions. A few conferences have
“docket-style” debate. This is when students are required to
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submit resolutions to the conference in advance and the chairs pick the best ones and put them
into a docket. The delegates focus only on the resolutions in the docket when they get to the
conference and work on amending them.
Why: The ultimate purpose of a committee session is to pass a resolution. All the speeches,
debate, negotiation, and teamwork is supposed to lead up to a resolution which contains all the
proposed solutions to the issue. The resolution(s) that the majority of the committee agrees upon
will be passed during voting bloc and the sponsors will be informally commended for building
consensus on good ideas. Most conferences allow multiple resolutions to pass as long as they do
not contradict each other, but a few conferences allow only one resolution to pass.
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FIFA Study Guide

Committee Directors:
Adeeb Abbasi
Omar Shaikh
ACDs
Hashim
Aalyan Faisal

Model UN FIFA Committee Resource Guide

Topic A – Addressing Inequality Within the Football Transfer Market
I.Topic Introduction
Professional transfers are regulated by a complex set of regulations established by sports governing
bodies. Rules are subject to a large degree of standardisation at international level through
international sports institutions such as FIFA for football and FIBA for basketball. The justification for
international standardisation stems from the ambition to make competition rules universal in order to
promote international sporting exchanges. The extensive autonomy granted to sporting bodies for the
self-regulation of their activities is a fundamental characteristic of sport as compared to other economic
and social activities. The transfer environment is subject to different layers of rules and regulations.

II. Committee Overview

The study aims to document the different layers of rules and to consider their interactions. Transfer
rules in sport are a derogation from normal employment practices in the following ways:
i) They limit the freedom of players to move from one employer to another and set restrictive conditions
for such moves. Contracts may be terminated by either party without consequences (such as sporting
sanctions) only if justified by “just cause”1 ;
ii) ii) They establish a system of transfer fees between clubs in order to prevent a total ban on players’
mobility.
III. Types of Transfers
Transfers can be classified as follows: -
o Transfer without indemnities –
o Transfer with indemnities
1. Transfer without indemnities
In football, transfer without indemnities relates to players out of contract and which are older than 23
years old . A transfer consists primarily in the administrative acknowledgment that a player’ registration
is changing from one club to another. Without such formal registration the player cannot obtain the
licence to play in a championship. According to FIFA, in 2011, financial compensation is an issue in less
than 14% of transfers. In 86% of cases the transfer is conducted without any money changing hands
(FIFA Global Transfer Market, 2011).
2. Transfer with indemnities
According to FIFA Global Transfer Market (2011), 70 % of international transfers relate to out-of-contract
players and only 10% of transfers constitute a club to club agreement for the permanent move of a
player. This means that 20% of agreements between clubs for the transfer of a player is a loan (either
outgoing or returning). In 2011 over € 2.6 billion in financial indemnities was declared by transferring
clubs. 82% of this amount constitutes agreed transfer fees; 10% are conditional transfer fees and the
remaining 8% relates to training compensation (both training compensation and solidarity
contribution). There are four types of transfer with indemnities:
• Transfer out of contract;
• Transfer for early termination of contract;
• Loan transfer; and
• Exchange transfer.
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- Transfer out of contract

Such transfer is an agreement between a player, no longer under contract with any club, and a club that allow the player to be registered
for this new club. No transfer fees are to be paid by the recruiting club; however, if the player is aged 23 or less, the transferee club must
pay training compensation to clubs that have been involved in the development and training of the player.
- Transfer for early termination of contract
Transfer can be described as an agreement between a professional player (the “Player”), the club he is leaving (the “Transferor Club”)and
the club he is joining (the “Transferee Club”) whereby (i) the Transferor Club agrees to early termination of the fixed term employment
contract into which it entered with the Player, (ii) the Transferee Club agrees to pay a transfer fee to the Transferor Club as compensation
for such early termination of the contract, (iii) the Transferee club shall pay solidarity and/or training compensation to the clubs that have
contributed to the education and training of the player, and (iv) the Player agrees to leave the Transferor Club for the Transferee Club. As
defined, a transfer is a tripartite agreement between the Player, the Transferor Club and the Transferee Club on the transfer operations:
the change of the player’s registration from one professional club to another, the contractual negotiations between the two clubs and the
final payment.
The main features of a transfer for early termination are:
- A common agreement between the Player and the Transferor Club for early termination of the employment contract;
- A transfer agreement signed between the Transferor Club and the Transferee Club, which, in particular, may specify the financial terms
of the transfer, especially transfer fees;
- A new fixed term employment contract signed between the Player and the Transferee Club setting out the new terms governing the
contractual relationship.
A transfer for early termination of contract can also lead to bonuses due to conditional transfer compensation (usually clauses are
inserted in the contract). For instance, there are clauses establishing a share of the financial risks between the contractual parties. It can
consist in a profit surplus for the transferor club depending on the sportive performance of the player or transferee club – the buying club
will have to pay the transferor club a designated amount if the player scores a certain number of goals or play a certain number of
matches during one season. It can also be a clause in the transfer agreement mentioning that the transferor club benefits from rights on
the next transfer of the player he is selling. This clause stipulates that the transferor club will receive either a percentage of the transfer
fee or a part of the plus-value made by the transferee club when deciding to let his player join a new club.
- Transfer as a loan
In this case, a player moves temporarily from one club to another whilst he/she remains under contract with his former club. Loan
includes free loan, where no financial indemnities are paid; loan including financial indemnities; and/or loan with promise of future
transfer . Any such loan is subject to the same rules as applied to the transfer of players, including the provisions on training
compensation and solidarity mechanism.
- Exchange transfer
It refers to a transaction involving an exchange of existing players' contracts. It can lead to the payment of transfer fee between the two
clubs but this is not always the case.
The study focuses on transfers with indemnities in particular: i) Definitive transfer for early termination of contract; ii) Transfer as a loan.
Rules to ensure a fair and balanced competition
The main rule to enforce competitive balance relates to registration periods. The concept of registration period differs in since “transfer
deadline” are usually preferred to stricter “transfer window” that exist in football. In addition, contractual stability is also being considered.

IV. Assessment of the transfer system:

1. The operation of the system
To reach a better understanding of the practical operation of the transfer market, we have adopted a three-stage approach in this
section. The first is a description of the different forms that transfers will take (1). The second shines a light on the concrete situations
encountered as part of our own experiences, our bibliographical analyses and our interviews and questionnaires (2). Lastly, the third is to
highlight these initial observations as part of an analysis of the actors involved in this market.
2. Definitive transfers with fees
Since the Bosman Case, for there to be a fee, it has been necessary that the transfer takes place when the contract is still valid
a. The contract
For there to be some form of compensation, a fee, it is necessary for the player to be under contract. In this, specific clauses may deal
with the issue of transfers .
If the player’s contract has a buyout clause and if sports and state regulations allow it (e.g. Spain), then any club that provides proof of
payment of the amount provided may recruit the player, without any particular negotiation with the seller club. The price of the player on
the transfer market is known, in theory. For example, the amount would be €250m for L. Messi and €200m for several other Barcelona
players (C. Fabregas, L. Piqué, A. Iniesta and A. Sanchez, etc.). But the sum is actually theoretical because, if for whatever reason, the club
wishes to let the player go (incompatibility, poor performance or a need to lighten the wage bill, etc.), then his departure will be
negotiated at a lower price. This was the case for Yaya Touré. In 2010, he left FC Barcelona for Manchester City for €30m, even though his
contract seemingly provided a leaving clause at €100m. The clause is, therefore, a means of dissuading the player from unilaterally
terminating his contract.
b. The negotiation
It is customary that the club interested in a player under contract makes contact with the club to show its interest in the player (at the
same time, the player is discretely sounded out via his agent to test his interest). In all countries – and in most sports – the periods of
contact between a club and a player under contract with another club are regulated. These regulations are intended to avoid the promise
of a transfer affecting the regularity of competitions. However, these regulations are difficult to apply and offenders are rarely sanctioned .
There are two mainly distinct situations:
o In some countries, offers of a contract are regulated by a strict procedure (Spain and England);
o In others, the procedure does not exist and only the registration of a contract is strictly regulated (France, in football and basketball, and
Belgium).
When a player’s employer gives his agreement in principle, an initial general discussion takes place on the possible conditions for the sale
of the player. Armed with this (verbal) agreement, the club that is the potential recruiter then approaches the player, with whom it
negotiates the general conditions for his signing: salary, signing bonus, benefits in kind, duration of contract and possible later leaving
terms, etc. In most cases, discussions are conducted by the agent (or agents) of the player, on the one side, and
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a representative employee of the club (Sports Director, Manager or the President) and, where necessary, a club advisor
(agent or lawyer), on the other side. Once both parties agree, the discussion with the employer club is finalised and the
different documents (contract, transfer agreements, etc.) are sent to the sports bodies. If it is an international transfer, the
sports federation of the employer club for the previous season should, both in football and in basketball, issue a transfer
certificate attesting that the player is no longer under contract and, therefore, allowing his transfer.

V. Strategies of the parties involved in the higher primary segment.

It should be remembered that in this segment, the market structure is that of a monopoly. The most talented players,
rarely in the market, find themselves in a very favourable situation against the clubs. In this segment, the clubs are
considered as the group of those which regularly take part in the UEFA Champions League final round (i.e. the top clubs of
the big-5).
a. Clubs
In this segment, clubs are not able to produce all the talent they need to achieve the highest ambitions (victory in the
domestic championship and in the UEFA Champions League). The distinction is, therefore, made between those who
produce a part of their talent and those who buy all of it.
We will develop two different cases:
1. That of a club that produces most of the talent it uses: FC Barcelona today (M.U. yesterday);
2. That of a club that buys in the primary market virtually all the talent it needs to satisfy its ambitions: Chelsea, yesterday
(Manchester City or PSG, today).
1. That of a club that produces most of the talent it uses: FC Barcelona
FC Barcelona has both the highest percentage of international players at 81% and one of the highest percentages of home-
grown talent at 42.9%. This is one of the highest among the clubs in the higher primary segment, except for Bayern
Munich (66.7%) and B. Dortmund (54.2%), and is very far ahead of most of the others (Inter Milan 7.4%, Milan AC 11.1% and
Juventus 13.8%). FC Barcelona has one of the most stable teams of all the Big 5, with an average of 3.05 seasons per player
(second only to Everton with 3.08 and Athletic Bilbao with 3.07.
However, that does not mean that FC Barcelona has been absent from the market for the highest transfer fees over the
last few years, both as a seller and as a buyer:
- As a seller, because:
o Its players are invariably sought by the wealthiest competitors, who offer them attractive financial terms. For example, Y.
Touré transferred to Manchester City in 2010 for a fee of €30m, with a salary is more than €10m p.a., i.e. one of the highest
in the world.
o It has to renew its squad to maintain its dynamic and, therefore, lets players leave: e.g. the transfer of Maxwell to PSG in
2011, Caceres to Seville and Eto’o to St Petersburg. o Lastly, some operations may have a financial purpose: e.g. the transfer
of Bojan to AS Roma for €12m in 2011.
o Several major transfer fees:
 Z.Ibrahimovic 24M€ in 2010 (depreciation of around €45m!);
 Y.Touré 30M€ in 2010;
 S.Eto’o 20M€ in 2009;
 Ronaldinho 25M€ in 2008;
 D.Shygrynskiy 15M€ in 2010 (depreciation of €10m in one year).
- As a buyer, since it has been involved in some of the biggest transfers in recent years:
o Z.Ibrahimovic €69.5M in 2009;
o D. Villa €40m in 2010;
o D. Alves €35.5m in 2008;
o C.Fabregas €34m in 2011.

Bayern Munich: has suffered less pressure from its immediate environmen and is involved in a more interventionist league
than the English league, as far as management is concerned. It is, however, also subject to pressure because of the
globalisation of football.
Several purchases and sales in the transfer market by Bayern Munich:
- Purchases
o M.Gomez €30m 2009
o A.Robben €25m 2009
o F.Ribery €25m 2007
o M.Neuer €22m 2011
o R.Makkay €19.7m 2003
o L.Gustavo €17m 2010
- Sales
o H.Heargreaves €25m 2007
o L.Podolsky €10m 2009
o M.Janssen €8m 2008
Bayern also pays high salaries to some of its players. Thus, F. Ribéry is paid more than €11m p.a. However, of our three
examples, Bayern Munich seems a little less dependent on global market standards as compared to its position in the
transfer market and relative to its wage policy.
There are two probably reasons for this:
- The political choices and strategy of the club that requires it to live within its means (the club is systematically in surplus
every year);
- The environment created by the Bundesliga, a league that assumes a strong regulatory role in order to preserve the
regularity and durability of the competition.
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Question A Resolution Must Answer:

1. Which transfer rules for the future? Conclusions and recommendations?

2. What drives the speculative bubbles in football?

3. The need to address the increasing competitive imbalance

4. Should be there be any changes in the Policies?

5. Proposals to limit excessive transfer fees

6. Improve governance through transparency and fair dispute resolution mechanisms
Resource Links for Model UN FIFA Committee:
• https://ec.europa.eu/assets/eac/sport/library/documents/cons-study-transfers-final-rpt.pdf
• https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/unveiling-football-financial-fair-play-intricacies-davies-awe
• https://fifpro.org/en/supporting-players/conditions-of-employment/the-transfer-of-players
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfer_(association_football)
• https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7099/10/1/4
• https://rm.coe.int/fifa-transfer-system-reform-analysis-and-recommendations-expert-report/1680a28ad7
• https://www.icsspe.org/system/files/FIFA%20-
%20Regulations%20on%20the%20Status%20and%20Transfer%20of%20Players.pdf
• https://lawcat.berkeley.edu/record/1125612/files/fulltext.pdf
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C_LEJY-55e4
• https://www.goal.com/en/news/how-does-a-football-transfer-work/130og8e76770l1dcqbne3jntx7
• https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/audit-services/ifrs/publications/ifrs-9/accounting-for-typical-transactions-in-the-football-
industry.pdf
• https://marclamberts.medium.com/the-art-of-comparing-football-players-the-importance-of-equal-comparisons-and-
adjusted-scores-67108d0246ce
• https://www.footballbenchmark.com/library/overview_of_the_new_uefa_financial_fair_play_regulations
Topic B - Addressing Match Fixing and Corruption in Football
I.Topic Introduction
The pervasive issues of match-fixing and corruption have cast shadows over the realm of football. Match-fixing involves the
manipulation of outcomes, while corruption undermines the principles of fair play. These illicit practices not only compromise
the integrity of the sport but also jeopardize the passion and skill that define football. As custodians of the game's essence, it is
imperative for us to comprehend the intricate landscape, acknowledge the far-reaching consequences, and collaboratively
devise strategies to counteract these threats. Our collective commitment to addressing these challenges is paramount in
preserving the authenticity of football on a global scale.

II. Committee Overview

A. FIFA and its Role
Background: FIFA, or the Fédération Internationale de Football Association, is the international governing body for the sport of
football (soccer). Established in 1904, FIFA is responsible for organizing international competitions, setting rules, and
promoting the game's development worldwide.
-Structure: FIFA operates through various committees, including the Committee on Ethics, tasked with maintaining the
integrity of football.
B. FIFA Code of Ethics
-Overview: The FIFA Code of Ethics outlines the principles and standards expected from individuals involved in football. It
addresses various issues, including corruption, bribery, and match-fixing.
-Relevance: Familiarize yourself with the specific sections of the Code of Ethics related to match-fixing and corruption.

III. Background Information

A. Historical Context
-Evolution of Match Fixing and Corruption: Explore the historical evolution of match-fixing and corruption in football. Consider
notable incidents that have shaped the current landscape.
B. Key Terms and Concepts
-Match Fixing: Understand the different forms of match-fixing, including player involvement, referee manipulation, and
betting-related issues. Imagine a predetermined script for a blockbuster film – exciting, but predictable and devoid of genuine
thrill. That's the essence of a fixed match.
Corruption: Misusing power and authority for personal benefit, like embezzlement or bribery. Think of it as a virus infecting the
sport, weakening its core and enriching a select few.
IV. The Global Impact of Match Fixing and Corruption
A. Economic Consequences
-Financial Impact: Investigate how match-fixing and corruption affect the financial aspects of football, including sponsorships,
investments, and revenue streams.
B. Social and Sporting Consequences
-Social Impact: Analyze the broader societal implications of corruption in football, including loss of trust, fan disillusionment,
and the impact on grassroots development.
-Sporting Integrity: Discuss how match-fixing undermines the fundamental principles of fair play and the integrity of sporting
competitions.
V. Case Studies:
A. Manchester City & Financial Fair Play:
Background: Manchester City, a financial powerhouse, faces accusations of inflating sponsorship deals and player salaries to
circumvent Financial Fair Play (FFP) regulations. FFP aims to prevent clubs from buying success through excessive spending
and ensure financial sustainability.
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Resolution: The ongoing investigation could result in hefty fines, points deductions, or even exclusion from
competitions. This case raises crucial questions about FFP's effectiveness and potential loopholes that need to be
addressed.
B. Everton & Illegal Player Transfers:
Background: Everton is under investigation for alleged financial irregularities in player transfers, including inflated
fees, undisclosed payments, and potential violations of transfer regulations.
Resolution: If proven guilty, Everton could face transfer bans, fines, or points deductions. This case highlights the
need for stricter regulations and greater transparency in player transactions to combat financial manipulation.
C. Calciopoli Scandal (2006):
Background: Italian Serie A clubs, including Juventus, were found guilty of manipulating matches through referee
bribery and illegal agreements. This systemic corruption resulted in stripped titles, player bans, and a severe blow to
the league's reputation.

Resolution: The scandal led to significant reforms, including independent oversight and stricter ethical codes within
Italian football. However, it serves as a stark reminder of the devastating consequences of such corruption.
D. FIFA World Cup 2010 Bidding:
Background: The selection process for the 2010 World Cup in South Africa was marred by accusations of bribery and
vote-buying, implicating several FIFA officials and casting a shadow on the event's integrity.

Resolution: This scandal led to major reforms within FIFA, including independent oversight and stricter candidate
eligibility criteria for future World Cups. However, the quest for complete transparency and ethical conduct
continues.
E. Operation Last Bet (2013):
Background: This global police operation exposed a vast match-fixing network spanning multiple countries and
leagues, involving players, officials, and organized crime figures. Over 300 arrests demonstrated the alarming reach
of this illegal activity.
Resolution: Operation Last Bet led to increased international cooperation among law enforcement agencies and
sports organizations to combat match-fixing. However, constant vigilance and proactive measures are crucial to
dismantle such criminal networks.

VI. CLUBS Perspectives

A. FIFA Member Nations
-National Legislation: Investigate how FIFA member clubs address match-fixing and corruption within their own
legal frameworks.
- National Football Associations: Examine the roles and responsibilities of national football associations in preventing
and addressing corruption.

Crafting Solutions:
● Strengthen regulations: Advocate for stricter FFP rules, transparent transfer systems, and robust regulations
against illegal betting and third-party ownership.
● Promote transparency: Push for independent financial audits, disclosure of club finances, and open investigations
into suspicious activities.
● Empower whistleblowers: Ensure safe and confidential channels for players, officials, and fans to report corruption
without fear of reprisal.
● Enhance education: Implement educational programs for players, officials, and fans to raise awareness about
match fixing and corruption, promoting ethical conduct.
● Foster international cooperation: Encourage collaboration among governments, law enforcement agencies, sports
organizations, and betting companies to combat cross-border match-fixing networks.

Question A Resolution Must Answer:

1. Will the resolution effectively combat match-fixing and corruption in football through proposed policies?
2.How does the resolution promote global collaboration against cross-border match-fixing and corruption in
football?
3.Does the resolution advocate strengthening legal frameworks to prosecute those involved in football-related
corruption?
4.What strategies are proposed to minimize occurrences of match-fixing and corruption in football?
5.How will the resolution enhance transparency and accountability in football governance?
6.Are there provisions for effective resource allocation to combat match-fixing and corruption in football
 MUNIK XIV - IBA PUBLIC SPEAKING SOCIETY

7.How does the resolution propose ongoing assessment of anti-corruption measures' effectiveness
in football?

Specific Case Resource Links for Model UN FIFA Committee:

1. Manchester City & Financial Fair Play:
● New York Times Investigation: https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/13/sports/soccer/man-city-
ffp.html
● Premier League Statement: https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/sport/football/football-
news/man-city-maintain-stance-premier-28110242
● UEFA Financial Fair Play Regulations: https://www.uefa.com/news/0253-0d7f34cc6783-
5ebf120a4764-1000--financial-fair-play-all-you-need-to-know/
2. Everton & Illegal Player Transfers:
● The Guardian Investigation: https://www.theguardian.com/football/2022/mar/29/everton-lose-
more-than-100m-for-third-successive-year-but-avoid-sanctions
● Premier League Financial
https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11661/12742070/premier-league-clubs-agree-new-
Regulations:
financial-rules-with-efl-sides-to-be-offered-increased-payments
● FIFA Transfer Regulations: https://www.thefa.com/football-rules-governance/policies/player-
registration/fifa-regulations-on-the-status-and-transfer-of-players
3. Calciopoli Scandal (2006):
●
● BBC Report: https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/49910626
Wikipedia Article: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calciopoli
● Italian Football Federation (FIGC) Report: https://www.figc.it/ (Italian language, consider using
Google Translate)
4. FIFA World Cup 2010 Bidding:
●
● New York Times Article: https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/30/world/world-cup-corruption.html
BBC Documentary: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r6N6rBNODE0
● FIFA World Cup Bidding Regulations: https://www.fifa.com/news/fifa-publishes-guide-to-bidding-
process-for-the-2026-fifa-world-cuptm-2916170
5. Operation Last Bet (2013):
● Europol
innovation/operations
Press Release: https://www.europol.europa.eu/operations-services-and-

● Interpol Article: https://www.interpol.int/en/News-and-Events/News/2021/Illegal-gambling-

Operation-SOGA-VIII-leads-to-1-400-arrests
● UNODC Report: https://www.unodc.org/unodc/corruption/ (Chapter 2 specifically addresses
sports corruption)
Additional Resources:
● Transparency International - Sports Integrity: https://www.transparency.org/en/projects/our-
work-on-sport
●
● Play the Game - Anti-Corruption in Sport: https://www.playthegame.org/
FIFA Integrity Unit: https://www.fifa.com/legal/integrity
Remember, delegates, these are just starting points. Utilize your research skills to explore further
and delve deeper into each case. The more informed you are, the stronger your arguments and
proposed solutions will be.