Scribd
Upload
11 views2 pages

Solved Probability Examples

The document presents solved probability examples involving pacemaker batteries and an infusion pump alarm. It details the discrete probability distribution for faulty batteries, calculating probabilities, expected values, and variance. Additionally, it applies Bayes' Theorem to determine the probability of an alarm being triggered by a low battery.

Uploaded by

The Salman Aziz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
11 views2 pages

Solved Probability Examples

The document presents solved probability examples involving pacemaker batteries and an infusion pump alarm. It details the discrete probability distribution for faulty batteries, calculating probabilities, expected values, and variance. Additionally, it applies Bayes' Theorem to determine the probability of an alarm being triggered by a low battery.

Uploaded by

The Salman Aziz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Solved Probability Examples with Steps

Q1: Pacemaker Batteries (Discrete Probability Distribution)


A biomedical engineer tests 4 pacemaker batteries randomly selected from a shipment.
Each battery can be either faulty or functional. Let the random variable Y represent the
number of faulty batteries. The probability distribution is given.

Y: Number of faulty batteries

P(Y): 0 → 0.1, 1 → 0.25, 2 → 0.4, 3 → 0.2, 4 → 0.05

a) Probability that at least 3 batteries are faulty (P(Y ≥ 3))


P(Y ≥ 3) = P(3) + P(4)

P(Y ≥ 3) = 0.2 + 0.05 = 0.25

b) Probability that exactly 2 batteries are faulty (P(Y = 2))


P(Y = 2) = 0.4

c) Expected number of faulty batteries (E[Y])


E(Y) = ∑ y × P(y)

E(Y) = 0×0.1 + 1×0.25 + 2×0.4 + 3×0.2 + 4×0.05

E(Y) = 0 + 0.25 + 0.8 + 0.6 + 0.2 = 1.85

d) Variance of Y (Var[Y])
E(Y²) = ∑ y² × P(y)

E(Y²) = 0²×0.1 + 1²×0.25 + 2²×0.4 + 3²×0.2 + 4²×0.05

E(Y²) = 0 + 0.25 + 1.6 + 1.8 + 0.8 = 4.45

Var(Y) = E(Y²) - [E(Y)]² = 4.45 - (1.85)² = 4.45 - 3.4225 = 1.0275

Q2: Infusion Pump Alarm (Bayes’ Theorem)


Given:

P(A) = 0.30 (Low Battery)

P(B) = 0.70 (Flow Blockage)

P(S|A) = 0.90 (Alarm triggers if Low Battery)


P(S|B) = 0.40 (Alarm triggers if Flow Blockage)

Find: P(A|S) = Probability that alarm is due to Low Battery, given alarm was
triggered
Using Bayes' Theorem:

P(A|S) = [P(S|A) × P(A)] / [P(S|A) × P(A) + P(S|B) × P(B)]

P(A|S) = (0.90 × 0.30) / [(0.90 × 0.30) + (0.40 × 0.70)]

P(A|S) = 0.27 / (0.27 + 0.28) = 0.27 / 0.55 ≈ 0.4909

P(A|S) ≈ 49.09%

You might also like