Subject : MATHEMATICS (English Medium) Subject Code : 81-E

I. Four alternatives are given for each of the following questions / incomplete statements. Choose the
correct alternative and write the complete answer along with its letter of
alphabet. 8×1=8
1. The degree of the polynomial p(x)=2x3 +5x−6 is
(A) 2
(B) 3
(C) 5
(D) 6
Answer: (B) 3
2. If the pair of linear equations a1 x+b1 y+c1 =0 and a2 x+b2 y+c2 =0 have unique solution, then the
correct relation among the following is
a b
(A) 1 ≠ 1
a2 b2
a1 b1 c
(B) a = b = c1
2 2 2
a1 b1
(C) a = b
2 2
a1 b1 c
(D) a = b ≠ c1
2 2 2
a b
Answer: (A) a1 ≠ b1
2 2

3. The quadratic equation among the following is

(A) x4 −3x+2=0
(B) 2x+3=0
(C) x2 −5x+6=0
(D) 2x3 +7x+1=0
Answer: (C) x2 −5x+6=0
4. The common difference of the arithmetic progression 100, 93, 86 ... is
(A) -7
(B) 7
(C) 3
(D) 5
Answer: (A) -7

5. If the ntℎ term of an arithmetic progression is 5n+3, then the 3rd term of the progression is
(A) 11
(B) 12
(C) 13
(D) 18
Answer: (D) 18
 AX
6. In the given figure, if XY||BC, then AB is equal to
AY
(A) AC
BX
(B) BY
XY
(C) BC
AY
(D) YC
AY
Answer: (A) AC

7. The number of zeroes of the polynomial p(x) in the given graph is

(A) 0
(B) 1
(C) 2
(D) 3
Answer: (C) 2

8. If one root of the quadratic equation 2x2 −(k+1)x+3=0 is 1, then the value of k is
(A) 0
(B) 1
(C) 3
(D) 4
Answer: (D) 4
II. ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS : 8×1=8
9. State 'Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic'.
Solution: Every composite number can be expressed (factorized) as a product of primes, and this
factorization is unique, apart from the order in which the prime factors occur.
10. How many solutions does the pair of linear equations in two variables have if they are inconsistent?
Solution: No solution.
11. Write the formula to find the sum of first n positive integers.
n(n+1)
Solution: Sn = 2

12. Write the two conditions for similarity of two polygons having same number of sides.
Solution: (i) Their corresponding angles are equal. (ii) Their corresponding sides are proportional.

13. If the product of the zeroes of the polynomial p(x)=2x2 −3x+k is 3, then find the value of k.
c k
Solution: Given: αβ= a = 2 =3
So, k=6
14. If the sum of three consecutive terms of an arithmetic progression is 21, then find the second term.
Solution:
Let the terms be a−d,a,a+d.
Sum = (a−d)+a+(a+d)=3a=21⇒a=7
So, the second term is 7.
15. 3 bats and 2 balls together cost Rs. 700. If the cost of a ball is Rs. 50, then find the cost of a bat.
Solution:
Let cost of a bat be Rs. x.
Then, 3x+2×50=700
 3x+100=700
3x=600
x=200
So, cost of a bat is Rs. 200.
AB 2
16. Given ΔABC∼ΔDEF. If DE = 3 and BC=4 cm, then find the measure of EF.
Solution:
BC AB 2
Since triangles are similar, = = EF DE 3
4 2 4×3
So, EF = 3 ⇒EF= 2
=6 cm.

III. Answer the following questions : 8×2=16

17. What is a composite number? Which is the composite number among 23 and 24?
Solution: A composite number is a positive integer greater than 1 that has factors other than 1 and itself.
23 is prime, 24 is composite.

18. Prove that 2+ 5 is an irrational number.

Solution: Assume 2+ 5 is rational.
p
Then 2+ 5= q, where p,q are integers, q≠0.
p p−2q
So, 5= q −2= q
,

which is rational.

But 5 is irrational.
Contradiction.
Hence, 2+ 5 is irrational.
19. Solve the given pair of linear equations by elimination method:
2x+y=8
3x−y=7
Solution:
Add the two equations:
2x+y+3x−y=8+7
5x=15⇒x=3
Substitute in first equation:
2(3)+y=8⇒6+y=8⇒y=2
So, solution is x=3,y=2.
OR
a b c
On comparing the ratios a1, b1 and c1, find whether the lines representing the pair of linear equations
2 2 2
9x+3y+12=0 and 18x+6y+24=0, intersect at a point or parallel or coincident.
Solution:
Here, a1 =9,b1 =3,c1 =12;a2 =18,b2=6,c2 =24.
a1 9 1 b 3 1 c 12 1
= = , 1= = , 1= = .
a
2 18 2 b 6 22 c 24 2 2
a1 b1 c1
Since a = b = c , the lines are coincident.
2 2 2

20. Find whether 77 is a term of the arithmetic progression 1, 5, 9, 13, …… using formula.
Solution:
 AP: 1, 5, 9, 13, ... with a=1,d=4.
Let an =77. Then 1+(n−1)4=77
4(n−1)=76⇒n−1=19⇒n=20, which is an integer.
So, 77 is the 20th term.
OR
In an arithmetic progression, the common difference is 3 and its tenth term is 32. Find the first term of
the progression.
Solution:
Given d=3,a10 =32.
a10 =a+9d=a+27=32⇒a=5.

21. In the given figure, DE||OQ and DF||OR. Show that EF||QR.
Solution:
PD PE
In △POQ, DE||OQ⇒ DO = EQ (By BPT)
PD PF
In △POR, DF||OR⇒ DO = FR
PE PF
So, EQ = FR
Hence, by converse of BPT, EF||QR.
22. In ΔABC, DE||BC. If AD=x, DB=x−4, AE=x+4 and EC=x−2, then find the value of x.
Solution:
AD AE
By BPT, DB = EC
x x+4
So, x−4 = x−2
Cross multiply: x(x−2)=(x+4)(x−4)
x2 −2x=x2 −16
−2x=−16⇒x=8
23. A teacher has 96 pens and 128 pencils. Find the maximum number of students to whom pens and pencils
can be equally distributed so that no pens and pencils are left out.
Solution:
We need HCF of 96 and 128.
96 = 25 ×3, 128 = 27
HCF = 25 =32
So, maximum number of students is 32.
24. “Two students A and B together have 25 marbles. Each of them lost 5 marbles. The product of the
marbles they have now is 50.” Form a quadratic equation in the standard form to find the number of
marbles they had.
Solution:
Let A has x marbles, then B has 25−x.
After losing 5, A has x−5, B has 20−x.
Product: (x−5)(20−x)=50
Expand: 20x−x2 −100+5x=50
−x2 +25x−100−50=0
−x2 +25x−150=0
Multiply by -1: x2 −25x+150=0 (Standard form)
IV. Answer the following questions : 9×3=27

25. Prove that 3 is an irrational number.

Solution:
p
Assume 3 is rational. Then 3= q, where p,q are coprime integers, q≠0.
p2
So, 3= q2 ⇒p2=3q2 .
So, 3 divides p2, hence 3 divides p. Let p=3k.
Then 9k2 =3q2 ⇒q2 =3k2 , so 3 divides q2 , hence 3 divides q.
But p and q have common factor 3, contradiction.
Hence, 3 is irrational.
OR
Find the HCF and LCM of the numbers 510 and 92 by prime factorisation method and verify that LCM
× HCF of those numbers = product of the numbers.
Solution:
Prime factors:
510 = 2×3×5×17
92 = 22 ×23
HCF = 2
LCM = 22 ×3×5×17×23=4×3×5×17×23=23460
Now, HCF × LCM = 2×23460=46920
Product = 510×92=46920. Verified.

26. If α and β are the two zeroes of the polynomial p(x)=x2 +3x+1, then find the values of
1 1
i) +
α β
ii) α2 +β2 .
Solution:
Given: α+β=−3, αβ=1.
1 1 α+β −3
i) + =
α β
= =−3
αβ 1
ii) α2 +β2 =(α+β)2 −2αβ=9−2=7
OR
One of the zeroes of the polynomial p(x)=2x2 −6x+k is twice the other. Find the value of k.
Solution:
Let zeroes be α,2α.
6
Sum: α+2α=3α= 2 =3⇒α=1
k
Product: α⋅2α=2α2 = 2
k k
So, 2(1)2 = 2 ⇒2= 2 ⇒k=4

27. A train travels 480 km at a uniform speed. If the speed had been 10 km/h more, it would have taken 4
hours less for the same journey. Find the speed of the train.
Solution:
Let speed be x km/h.
480
Time = x hours.
480
New speed = x+10, time = x+10.
480 480
Given: x
− x+10 =4
480(x+10−x)
=4
x(x+10)
 4800
=4
x(x+10)
4800=4x(x+10)
1200=x2 +10x
x2 +10x−1200=0
−10± 100+4800 −10±70
Solve: x= =
2 2
60
Positive root: x= 2 =30 km/h.
OR
The altitude of a right angled triangle is 7 cm less than its base. If the hypotenuse is 13 cm, then find the
other two sides.
Solution:
Let base = x cm, altitude = x−7 cm.
By Pythagoras: x2 +(x−7)2 =132
x2+x2 −14x+49=169
2x2−14x−120=0
x2−7x−60=0
7± 49+240 7±17
Solve: x= 2
=
2
Positive: x=12 cm.
So, base = 12 cm, altitude = 5 cm.

28. Find the discriminant of the quadratic equation x2 +7x+12=0. If real roots exist for the equation, then
find them.
Solution:
Discriminant D=b2 −4ac=49−48=1>0, so real roots exist.
−7±1
Roots: x= 2
So, x=−3 or x=−4.

29. Five years hence, the age of A will be three times that of his son. Five years ago, A's age was seven times
that of his son. Find their present ages.
Solution:
Let present age of A be x, son be y.
Five years hence: x+5=3(y+5)⇒x−3y=10
Five years ago: x−5=7(y−5)⇒x−7y=−30
Subtract: 4y=40⇒y=10
Then x−30=10⇒x=40
So, A is 40 years, son is 10 years.
30. Find the sum of all the integers between 1 and 100, all of which leave a remainder 1 when divided by 5
using formula.
Solution:
Numbers: 6, 11, 16, ..., 96.
AP with a=6,d=5,an=96.
an =a+(n−1)d=6+(n−1)5=96
5(n−1)=90⇒n−1=18⇒n=19
n 19 19
Sum Sn = (a+l)= (6+96)= ×102=19×51=969
2 2 2
OR
Find how many terms of the arithmetic progression 24, 21, 18, .... must be taken so that their sum is 78
using formula.
Solution:
AP: 24, 21, 18, ... with a=24,d=−3.
n
Sn = [2a+(n−1)d]=78
2
n
[48−3(n−1)]=78
2
n[48−3n+3]=156
n(51−3n)=156
51n−3n2 =156
3n2 −51n+156=0
n2 −17n+52=0
(n−4)(n−13)=0
So, n=4 or n=13.
Both are valid.
31. Sides AB and AC and median AD of ΔABC are respectively proportional to sides PQ and PR and median
PM of another ΔPQR. Show that
ΔABC∼ΔPQR.
Solution:
AB AC AD
Given: PQ = PR = PM
Extend AD to E such that AD = DE, and PM to N such that PM = MN.
Then, ABEC and PQNR are parallelograms.
So, BE = AC, QN = PR.
Now, in △ABE and △PQN,
AB BE AE 2AD AD
= = = =
PQ QN PN 2PM PM
So, △ABE∼△PQN (SSS similarity)
Hence, ∠BAE=∠QPN, so ∠BAC=∠QPR.
AB AC
Also, PQ = PR.
So, by SAS similarity, △ABC∼△PQR.

32. ABCD is a trapezium in which AB||DC and its diagonals intersect each other at the point 'O'. Show that
AO CO
= .
BO DO
Solution:
In △AOB and △COD,
∠OAB=∠OCD (alternate angles, AB || DC)
∠OBA=∠ODC (alternate angles)
So, △AOB∼△COD (AA similarity)
AO BO AO CO
Hence, CO = DO ⇒ BO = DO.

33. The sum of the digits of a two digit number is 9. The number obtained by reversing its digits is 9 less
than twice the original number. Find the original number.
Solution:
Let number be 10x+y, where x+y=9.
Reversed = 10y+x.
Given: 10y+x=2(10x+y)−9
10y+x=20x+2y−9
 10y−2y+x−20x=−9
8y−19x=−9
But y=9−x, so 8(9−x)−19x=−9
72−8x−19x=−9
−27x=−81⇒x=3
Then y=6.
So, number is 36.
V. Answer the following questions: 4×4=16
34. Find a quadratic polynomial whose sum and product of the zeroes are -6 and 8 respectively. Find the
zeroes of this polynomial. Verify the relationship between the zeroes and the coefficients.
Solution:
Polynomial: x2 −(sum)x+product=x2 +6x+8
Zeroes: Solve x2 +6x+8=0
(x+2)(x+4)=0⇒x=−2,−4
Sum = -6, which equals −b/a=−6/1=−6
Product = 8, which equals c/a=8/1=8. Verified.
35. Solve the given pair of linear equations by graphical method:
x+y=5
x+2y=6
Solution:
For x+y=5:
Points: (0,5), (5,0)
For x+2y=6:
Points: (0,3), (6,0)
Plot lines. They intersect at (4,1).
So, solution is x=4,y=1.
36. The numerator of a fraction is 1 less than its denominator. If 3 is added to both numerator and
3
denominator, then the new fraction obtained is 28 more than the original fraction. Find the original
fraction.
Solution:
x−1
Let fraction be x .
x−1+3 x+2
New fraction: x+3
= x+3
x+2 x−1 3
Given: x+3 = x
+
28
x+2 x−1 3
− =
x+3 x 28
x(x+2)−(x−1)(x+3) 3
=
x(x+3) 28
2 2
x +2x−(x +2x−3) 3
=
x(x+3) 28
3 3
=
x(x+3) 28
So, x(x+3)=28
x2 +3x−28=0
(x+7)(x−4)=0⇒x=4 (positive)
3
So, fraction is 4.
 OR
There are three consecutive positive integers in ascending order such that the sum of “the square of the
first integer and the product of other two integers is 29”. Find those integers.
Solution:
Let integers be x,x+1,x+2.
Given: x2 +(x+1)(x+2)=29
x2 +x2 +3x+2=29
2x2 +3x−27=0
2x2 +9x−6x−27=0
x(2x+9)−3(2x+9)=0
(x−3)(2x+9)=0⇒x=3 (positive)
So, integers are 3,4,5.
37. Prove that “if in two triangles, corresponding angles are equal, then their corresponding sides are in the
same ratio (or proportion) and hence the two triangles are similar”.
Solution:
Given: ∠A=∠D, ∠B=∠E, ∠C=∠F.
AB BC CA
To prove: DE = EF = FD.
Construction: Cut DP = AB, DQ = AC on DE and DF respectively.
Join PQ.
In △ABC and △DPQ,
AB = DP, AC = DQ, ∠A=∠D.
So, △ABC≅△DPQ (SAS)
Hence, ∠B=∠DPQ.
But ∠B=∠E, so ∠DPQ=∠E.
Thus, PQ || EF.
DP DQ
By BPT, DE = DF
AB AC
So, DE = DF.
AB BC
Similarly, DE = EF.
Hence, triangles are similar by AAA.
VI. Answer the following question: 1×5=5
38. In an arithmetic progression, the ratio of the 5tℎ term to the 24tℎ term is 1 : 5. If the sum of first 10 terms
of this progression is 210 and the last term of the progression is 99, then find the sum of all the terms of
the arithmetic progression.
Solution:
Let first term be a, common difference d.
a+4d 1
Given: a+23d = 5
5a+20d=a+23d
4a
4a=3d⇒d=
3
10
Also, S10 = 2 [2a+9d]=210
5[2a+9d]=210
2a+9d=42
4a
Substitute d= 3 :
4a
2a+9× =42
3
2a+12a=42
 14a=42⇒a=3
4×3
Then d= 3 =4
Last term an =99:
a+(n−1)d=99
3+(n−1)4=99
4(n−1)=96⇒n−1=24⇒n=25
n 25 25
Sum Sn = (a+l)= (3+99)= ×102=25×51=1275
2 2 2