Java Notes By Rayyaan Shetty XC
Java Revision Sheet
Basics
import java.util.*; // always add for Scanner and Arrays
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
int x = sc.nextInt();
String s = sc.nextLine();
double d = sc.nextDouble();
Data Types
Primitive Data Types:
int → whole numbers (e.g., 5, -3)
double → decimal numbers (e.g., 3.14, -2.0)
char → single character (e.g., 'A', '5')
boolean → true or false
float → smaller decimal type (e.g., 2.3f)
byte → small integer (-128 to 127)
short → small integer range
long → large integer
Non-primitive (Objects):
String → text, group of characters (e.g., "Hello")
Array → group of same data type elements
Data-Type Conversion
String → int : Integer.parseInt("25") // gives 25
int → String : String.valueOf(25) // gives "25"
String → double : Double.parseDouble("3.14") // gives 3.14
double → int : (int) 3.9 // gives 3
char → int : (int) 'A' // gives 65
int → char : (char) 65 // gives 'A'
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Java Notes By Rayyaan Shetty XC
String Methods You Actually Use
s.length() → length of string
s.charAt(i) → character at index i
s.toUpperCase() → convert to uppercase
s.toLowerCase() → convert to lowercase
s.trim() → remove spaces at ends
s.equals(s2) → check equality (case-sensitive)
s.equalsIgnoreCase(s2) → equality ignoring case
s.startsWith("A") → check beginning
s.endsWith("z") → check ending
s.contains("ab") → check if substring exists
s.substring(0,3) → slice (start inclusive, end exclusive)
s.replace("a","@") → replace text
s.indexOf("a") → first occurrence
s.lastIndexOf("a") → last occurrence
Bubble Sort (1D Array)
for(int i = 0; i < arr.length - 1; i++) {
for(int j = 0; j < arr.length - 1 - i; j++) {
if(arr[j] > arr[j+1]) {
int temp = arr[j];
arr[j] = arr[j+1];
arr[j+1] = temp;
}
}
}
2D Array
int[][] matrix = new int[3][3];
// Input
for(int i=0;i<3;i++){
for(int j=0;j<3;j++){
matrix[i][j] = sc.nextInt();
}
}
// Display
for(int i=0;i<3;i++){
for(int j=0;j<3;j++){
System.out.print(matrix[i][j] + "\t");
}
System.out.println();
}
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