Problem Set 3
Advanced Engineering Mathematics (ME 501)
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
1. Find the general solution of the following first-order equations. Reduce to linear from wherever
required.
y ′ + 4y = cos x xy ′ = 2y + x3 ex x2 y ′ + 2xy = sinh 5x
3
y ′ + 6x2 y = e−2x /x2 , y(1) = 0 xy ′ + 4y = 8x4 , y(1) = 2
y ′ + y/3 = (1 − 2x)y 4 /3 y ′ = 1/(6ey − 2x) 2xyy ′ + (x − 1)y 2 = x2 ex
y ′ = (tan y)/(x − 1) y ′ (sinh 3y − 2xy) = y 2
2. Find the orthogonal trajectories of the following curves, also plot them
√ √
y=c x y = ln |x| + c xy = c y = x+c 2x2 + y 2 = c
(x − a)2 + (y − b)2 = c2 (y − a)2 = 4a(x − b)
3. Solve the following initial value problems (or simply non-homogeneous) using either the
method of undetermined coefficients or variation of parameters.
y ′′ + 1.5y ′ − y = −x4 + 6x3 + 12x2 , y(0) = 4, y ′ (0) = −8
y ′′ + 2y ′ − 35y = 12e5x + 37 sin 5x x2 y ′′ − 2xy ′ − 4y = 6x2 + 4 ln x
4x2 y ′′ + 16xy ′ + 9y = 19 cos(ln x) + 22 sin(ln x) y ′′′ − 6y ′′ + 12y ′ − 8y = e2x /x
x4 y ′′′′ + 6x3 y ′′′ + 2x2 y ′′ − 4xy ′ + 4y = 10/x3
4. Use the method of variation of parameters to solve the higher order initial value problems
y ′′′ + 3y ′′ + 3y ′ + y = e−x sin x, y(0) = 2, y ′ (0) = 0, y ′′ (0) = −1
y ′′′ − 4y ′ = 10 cos x + 5 sin x, y(0) = 3, y ′ (0) = −2, y ′′ (0) = −1
x3 y ′′′ − 3x2 y ′′ + 6xy ′ − 6y = 24x5 , y(1) = 1, y ′ (1) = 3, y ′′ (1) = 14
5. Find a second-order homogeneous linear differential equation for which the given functions are
solutions. Find the Wronskian and use it to verify linear independence
e3x , xe3x x2 , x1/2 cos 2πx, sin 2πx
6. Solve the following initial value problems (or general solutions) containing set of first-order
ordinary differential equations
y1′ = 2y1 + 2y2 y1′ = −14y1 + 10y2 y1′ = 10y1 − 10y2 − 4y3
y2′ = 5y1 − y2 y2′ = −5y1 + y2 y2′ = −10y1 + y2 − 14y3
y1 (0) = 0, y2 (0) = −7 y1 (0) = −1, y2 (0) = 1 y3′ = −4y1 − 14y2 − 2y3
7. A large tank initially contains 50 liters of brine in which there is dissolved 10 kg. of salt. Brine
containing 2 kg. of dissolved salt per liter flows into the tank at the rate of 5 liters/min. The mixture
is kept uniform by stirring, and the stirred mixture simultaneously flows out at the slower rate of 3
liters/min. How much salt is in the tank at any time t > 0?
8. Determine the type and stability of the critical point. Find a real general solution and plot a few
trajectories in the phase plane.
y1′ = y1 + 2y2 y1′ = y2 y1′ = −2y1 − 6y2 y1′ = −2y1 + 2y2 y1′ = y1
y2′ = 2y1 + y2 y2′ = −9y1 y2′ = −8y1 − 4y2 y2′ = −2y1 − 2y2 y2′ = 2y2
9. Find the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the following problems
y ′′ + λy = 0, y(0) = 0, y ′ (1) = 0
(xy ′ )′ + λx−1 y = 0, y(1) = 0, y ′ (e) = 0
(e2x y ′ )′ + e2x (λ + 1)y = 0, y(0) = 0, y(π) = 0
(x−1 y ′ )′ + (λ + 1)x−3 y = 0, y(1) = 0, y(e) = 0
10.(a) If one solution of the Riccati equation y ′ = p(x)y 2 + q(x)y + r(x) is known as v(x) then by
using the substitution y = v(x) + 1/z reduce it to a linear equation in z.
(b) Show that the Clairaut’s equation y = xy ′ + f (y ′ ) has the general solution y = cx + f (c) and a
singular solution of the form x = −f ′ (t), y = f (t) − tf ′ (t) where c and t are an arbitrary constant
and a parameter, respectively.
