Set-2

[Link] Marks Storage and Average Calculation using Two-Dimensional Array

import [Link];

public class StudentMarks {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Scanner sc = new Scanner([Link]);

[Link]("Enter number of students: ");

int students = [Link]();

[Link]("Enter number of subjects: ");

int subjects = [Link]();

int[][] marks = new int[students][subjects];

double[] average = new double[students];

for (int i = 0; i < students; i++) {

[Link]("Enter marks for Student " + (i + 1) + ":");

int sum = 0;

for (int j = 0; j < subjects; j++) {

[Link]("Subject " + (j + 1) + ": ");

marks[i][j] = [Link]();

sum += marks[i][j];

average[i] = (double) sum / subjects;}

[Link]("------Student Performance Summary -------");

for (int i = 0; i < students; i++) {

[Link]("Student " + (i + 1) + " Marks: ");

for (int j = 0; j < subjects; j++) {

[Link](marks[i][j] + " "); }

[Link]("|Average: %.2f%n", average[i]); } }

}
2: Online Payment Processing using Lambda Expressions.

import [Link];

@FunctionalInterface

interface PaymentMethod {

double calculate(double amount);

public class PaymentProcessing {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Scanner sc = new Scanner([Link]);

[Link]("Enter purchase amount: Rs.");

double amount = [Link]();

PaymentMethod creditCard = (amt) -> amt + (amt * 0.02);

PaymentMethod upi = (amt) -> amt + 5;

PaymentMethod cod = (amt) -> amt + 30;

[Link]("\n------- Estimated Payable Amount -------");

[Link]("Via Credit Card Amount to be paid = Rs." +

[Link](amount));

[Link]("Via UPI Amount to be paid = Rs." + [Link](amount));

[Link]("Via Cash on Delivery Amount to be paid = Rs." +

[Link](amount));

Task 1:
[Link] and Currency Conversion System

import [Link];

public class BillingSystem {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Scanner sc = new Scanner([Link]);

 [Link]("Enter Quantity (byte): ");

byte quantity = [Link]();

[Link]("Enter Unit Price (int): ");

int unitPrice = [Link]();

[Link]("Enter Tax Rate (in decimal, e.g., 0.18 for 18%): ");

float taxRate = [Link]();

int baseAmount = quantity * unitPrice;

float taxAmount = baseAmount * taxRate; // implicit type promotion: int → float

double totalAmount = baseAmount + taxAmount; // implicit promotion: float →

double

[Link]("\n----------- Billing Summary -----------");

[Link]("Quantity (byte): " + quantity);

[Link]("Unit Price (int): Rs." + unitPrice);

[Link]("Base Amount (int): Rs." + baseAmount);

[Link]("Tax Rate (float): " + taxRate);

[Link]("Tax Amount (float): Rs." + taxAmount);

[Link]("Total Amount to Pay (double): Rs." + totalAmount);

[Link]("\nEnter Payment in USD for the above total: ");

double usdPayment = [Link]();

[Link]("Enter USD to INR Conversion Rate (float): ");

float conversionRate = [Link]();

float convertedINR = (float) (usdPayment * conversionRate);

[Link]("\n----------- USD to INR Conversion -----------");

[Link]("Amount Paid in USD: $" + usdPayment);

[Link]("Conversion Rate: " + conversionRate);

[Link]("Converted Amount in INR: Rs." + convertedINR);

if (convertedINR >= totalAmount) {

 [Link]("Payment is sufficient.");

[Link]("Change to return: Rs.%.2f%n", (convertedINR - totalAmount));

} else {

[Link]("Payment is insufficient.");

[Link]("Remaining amount to be paid: Rs.%.2f%n", (totalAmount -

convertedINR));

2. Warehouse Inventory Management using Java Packages

[Link]

(Package: [Link])

package [Link];

public class Product {

private int productId;

private String name;

private String category;

public Product(int productId, String name, String category) {

[Link] = productId;

[Link] = name;

[Link] = category;

public int getProductId() {

return productId;

public String getName() {

return name;

}
 public String getCategory() {

return category;

🧩 File 2: [Link]

(Package: [Link])

package [Link];

import [Link];

public class Stock extends Product {

private int quantity;

private double unitPrice;

public Stock(int productId, String name, String category, int quantity, double unitPrice) {

super(productId, name, category);

[Link] = quantity;

[Link] = unitPrice;

public int getQuantity() {

return quantity;

public double getUnitPrice() {

return unitPrice;

public double calculateTotalValue() {

return quantity * unitPrice;

}
🧩 File 3: [Link]

(Package: [Link])

package [Link];

import [Link];

public class ReportGenerator {

public void printProductReport(Stock stock) {

[Link]("-------- Inventory Report --------");

[Link]("Product ID : " + [Link]());

[Link]("Name : " + [Link]());

[Link]("Category : " + [Link]());

[Link]("Quantity : " + [Link]());

[Link]("Unit Price : Rs." + [Link]());

[Link]("Total Value: Rs." + [Link]());

[Link]("------------------------------------");

public void printSummary(Stock[] stocks) {

[Link]("========= Final Inventory Summary =========");

double grandTotal = 0;

for (int i = 0; i < [Link]; i++) {

Stock s = stocks[i];

double totalValue = [Link]();

[Link]("Product " + (i + 1));

[Link]("Product ID : " + [Link]());

[Link]("Name : " + [Link]());

[Link]("Category : " + [Link]());

[Link]("Total Value: Rs.%.2f%n", totalValue);

grandTotal += totalValue;
 }

[Link]("\nGrand Total Inventory Value: Rs.%.2f%n", grandTotal);

[Link]("-------------------------------------------------");

🧩 File 4: [Link]

(Package: mainapp)

package mainapp;

import [Link];

import [Link];

import [Link];

public class WareHouse {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Scanner sc = new Scanner([Link]);

ReportGenerator report = new ReportGenerator();

[Link]("Enter number of products to add: ");

int n = [Link]();

[Link](); // consume newline

Stock[] products = new Stock[n];

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {

[Link]("---- Enter details for Product " + (i + 1) + " ----");

[Link]("Enter Product ID: ");

int id = [Link]();

[Link](); // consume newline

[Link]("Enter Product Name: ");

String name = [Link]();

[Link]("Enter Category: ");

 String category = [Link]();

[Link]("Enter Quantity: ");

int qty = [Link]();

[Link]("Enter Unit Price: Rs.");

double price = [Link]();

products[i] = new Stock(id, name, category, qty, price);

[Link](products[i]);

[Link](products);

[Link]();

Task-3:
1. Book Information Management System

File 1: [Link]

public class Book {

private String bookName;

private String isbn;

private String author;

private String publisher;

// Constructor

public Book(String bookName, String isbn, String author, String publisher) {

[Link] = bookName;

[Link] = isbn;

[Link] = author;

[Link] = publisher;

}
// Mutator (Setter) Methods

public void setBookName(String bookName) {

[Link] = bookName;

public void setIsbn(String isbn) {

[Link] = isbn;

public void setAuthor(String author) {

[Link] = author;

public void setPublisher(String publisher) {

[Link] = publisher;

// Accessor (Getter) Methods

public String getBookName() {

return [Link];

public String getIsbn() {

return [Link];

public String getAuthor() {

return [Link];

public String getPublisher() {

return [Link];

}
 // Method to return complete book info

public String getBookInfo() {

return "Book Name: " + [Link] + "\n" +

"ISBN: " + [Link] + "\n" +

"Author: " + [Link] + "\n" +

"Publisher: " + [Link];

📗 File 2: [Link]

import [Link];

public class BookTest {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Scanner sc = new Scanner([Link]);

Book[] books = new Book[30];

[Link]("Enter number of books to input (up to 30): ");

int n = [Link]();

[Link](); // consume newline

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {

[Link]("\nEnter details for Book " + (i + 1));

[Link]("Enter Book Name: ");

String name = [Link]();

[Link]("Enter ISBN Number: ");

String isbn = [Link]();

[Link]("Enter Author Name: ");

 String author = [Link]();

[Link]("Enter Publisher: ");

String publisher = [Link]();

books[i] = new Book(name, isbn, author, publisher);

[Link]("\n--- Book Details ---");

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {

[Link]("Book " + (i + 1) + " Info:");

[Link](books[i].getBookInfo());

[Link]();

[Link]();

2. Ride-Sharing Fare Calculation using Lambda Expressions as Arguments

import [Link];

@FunctionalInterface

interface FareStrategy {

double calculateFare(double distance);

public class RideSharingFare {

public static void printFare(String rideType, FareStrategy strategy, double distance) {

double fare = [Link](distance);

[Link](rideType + " Fare: Rs." + fare);

}
 public static void main(String[] args) {

Scanner sc = new Scanner([Link]);

[Link]("Enter distance traveled (in km): ");

double distance = [Link]();

FareStrategy standardRide = (d) -> 50 + (10 * d);

FareStrategy premiumRide = (d) -> 100 + (20 * d);

FareStrategy sharedRide = (d) -> 30 + (8 * d);

[Link]("\n------ Fare Calculation Summary ------");

printFare("Standard Ride", standardRide, distance);

printFare("Premium Ride", premiumRide, distance);

printFare("Shared Ride", sharedRide, distance);

[Link]();

Task-4

1. Development of a Console-Based Text Editing Tool Using Java StringBuffer

import [Link];

public class TextEditor {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Scanner sc = new Scanner([Link]);

[Link]("Enter initial text: ");

StringBuffer textBuffer = new StringBuffer([Link]());

[Link]("Current Text: " + textBuffer);

while (true) {

[Link]("\nChoose an operation:");

[Link]("1. Append text");

[Link]("2. Insert text");

[Link]("3. Replace text");

[Link]("4. Delete text");

[Link]("5. Reverse text");

[Link]("6. Set specific character");

[Link]("7. Set length");

[Link]("8. Show char at index");

[Link]("9. Show capacity & length");

[Link]("10. Exit");

[Link]("Enter your choice (1-10): ");

int choice = [Link]();

[Link](); // Clear input buffer

switch (choice) {

case 1: // Append

[Link]("Enter text to append: ");

String appendText = [Link]();

[Link](appendText);

break;

case 2: // Insert

[Link]("Enter position to insert at: ");

int insertPos = [Link]();

[Link]();

[Link]("Enter text to insert: ");

String insertText = [Link]();

if (insertPos >= 0 && insertPos <= [Link]())

[Link](insertPos, insertText);

else

[Link]("Invalid position!");
 break;

case 3: // Replace

[Link]("Enter start index: ");

int start = [Link]();

[Link]("Enter end index: ");

int end = [Link]();

[Link]();

[Link]("Enter replacement text: ");

String replaceText = [Link]();

if (start >= 0 && end <= [Link]() && start < end)

[Link](start, end, replaceText);

else

[Link]("Invalid range!");

break;

case 4: // Delete

[Link]("Enter start index: ");

int delStart = [Link]();

[Link]("Enter end index: ");

int delEnd = [Link]();

[Link]();

if (delStart >= 0 && delEnd <= [Link]() && delStart < delEnd)

[Link](delStart, delEnd);

else

[Link]("Invalid range!");

break;

case 5: // Reverse

[Link]();
 break;

case 6: // Set specific character

[Link]("Enter index to modify: ");

int index = [Link]();

[Link]();

[Link]("Enter new character: ");

char ch = [Link]().charAt(0);

if (index >= 0 && index < [Link]())

[Link](index, ch);

else

[Link]("Invalid index!");

break;

case 7: // Set length

[Link]("Enter new length: ");

int newLength = [Link]();

[Link]();

[Link](newLength);

break;

case 8: // Show char at index

[Link]("Enter index to view character: ");

int viewIndex = [Link]();

[Link]();

if (viewIndex >= 0 && viewIndex < [Link]())

[Link]("Character at index " + viewIndex + ": " +

[Link](viewIndex));

else

[Link]("Invalid index!");

break;
 case 9: // Capacity & length

[Link]("Current Capacity: " + [Link]());

[Link]("Current Length: " + [Link]());

break;

case 10:

[Link]("Exiting editor. Goodbye!");

[Link]();

return;

default:

[Link]("Invalid choice! Please enter 1–10.");

[Link]("\nCurrent Text: " + textBuffer);

2. [Link]

class PrintJob extends Thread {

private String jobType;

// Constructor

public PrintJob(String jobType) {

[Link] = jobType;

// Run method (executed when thread starts)

@Override

public void run() {

for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {

 [Link](jobType + " - Page " + i + " by " +
[Link]().getName());

try {

[Link](100); // Simulate printing time

} catch (InterruptedException e) {

[Link](jobType + " interrupted.");

public class PrintJobScheduling {

public static void main(String[] args) {

// Creating threads for each job type

PrintJob urgentJob = new PrintJob("Urgent print job");

PrintJob regularJob = new PrintJob("Regular print job");

PrintJob bulkJob = new PrintJob("Bulk print job");

// Setting thread priorities

[Link](Thread.MAX_PRIORITY); // Highest priority (10)

[Link](Thread.NORM_PRIORITY); // Normal priority (5)

[Link](Thread.MIN_PRIORITY); // Lowest priority (1)

// Start threads

[Link]();

[Link]();

[Link]();

}
Task-5:

1. University Staff Management System

import [Link];

// Base class - common for all staff

class Staff {

String name;

int staffID;

double baseSalary;

// Constructor

Staff(String name, int staffID, double baseSalary) {

[Link] = name;

[Link] = staffID;

[Link] = baseSalary;

// Display method

void displayDetails() {

[Link]("Name : " + name);

[Link]("Staff ID : " + staffID);

[Link]("Base Salary: " + baseSalary);

// Derived class (Single Inheritance)

class TeachingStaff extends Staff {

String subject;

int experience;
 TeachingStaff(String name, int staffID, double baseSalary, String subject, int experience)
{

super(name, staffID, baseSalary); // Call parent constructor

[Link] = subject;

[Link] = experience;

void displayTeachingDetails() {

[Link]("\n--- Teaching Staff Details ---");

[Link](); // Call parent class method

[Link]("Subject : " + subject);

[Link]("Experience : " + experience + " years");

// Multilevel inheritance: HOD extends TeachingStaff

class HOD extends TeachingStaff {

String department;

HOD(String name, int staffID, double baseSalary, String subject, int experience, String
department) {

super(name, staffID, baseSalary, subject, experience);

[Link] = department;

void displayHODDetails() {

[Link]("\n--- HOD Details ---");

[Link]();
 [Link]("Subject : " + subject);

[Link]("Experience : " + experience + " years");

[Link]("Department : " + department);

// Hierarchical inheritance: another subclass of Staff

class NonTeachingStaff extends Staff {

String role;

NonTeachingStaff(String name, int staffID, double baseSalary, String role) {

super(name, staffID, baseSalary);

[Link] = role;

void displayNonTeachingDetails() {

[Link]("\n--- Non-Teaching Staff Details ---");

[Link]();

[Link]("Role : " + role);

public class UniversityStaffManagement {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Scanner sc = new Scanner([Link]);

[Link]("-------- University Staff Record --------");

[Link]("1. Teaching Staff");

[Link]("2. HOD");

[Link]("3. Non-Teaching Staff");

[Link]("Enter your choice: ");

int choice = [Link]();

[Link](); // consume newline

switch (choice) {

case 1:

[Link]("Enter Name: ");

String tName = [Link]();

[Link]("Enter Staff ID: ");

int tID = [Link]();

[Link]("Enter Base Salary: ");

double tSalary = [Link]();

[Link]();

[Link]("Enter Subject: ");

String subject = [Link]();

[Link]("Enter Experience (in years): ");

int exp = [Link]();

TeachingStaff ts = new TeachingStaff(tName, tID, tSalary, subject, exp);

[Link]();

break;

case 2:

[Link]("Enter Name: ");

String hName = [Link]();

[Link]("Enter Staff ID: ");

 int hID = [Link]();

[Link]("Enter Base Salary: ");

double hSalary = [Link]();

[Link]();

[Link]("Enter Subject: ");

String hSubject = [Link]();

[Link]("Enter Experience (in years): ");

int hExp = [Link]();

[Link]();

[Link]("Enter Department: ");

String dept = [Link]();

HOD hod = new HOD(hName, hID, hSalary, hSubject, hExp, dept);

[Link]();

break;

case 3:

[Link]("Enter Name: ");

String nName = [Link]();

[Link]("Enter Staff ID: ");

int nID = [Link]();

[Link]("Enter Base Salary: ");

double nSalary = [Link]();

[Link]();

[Link]("Enter Role: ");

String role = [Link]();

NonTeachingStaff ns = new NonTeachingStaff(nName, nID, nSalary, role);

 [Link]();

break;

default:

[Link]("Invalid choice!");

[Link]();

2. [Link]

class Task extends Thread {

private String taskName;

private int iterations;

public Task(String taskName, int iterations) {

[Link] = taskName;

[Link] = iterations;

@Override

public void run() {

for (int i = 1; i <= iterations; i++) {

[Link](taskName + " - " + i + " by " +

[Link]().getName());

try {

[Link](100); // Simulate task execution

} catch (InterruptedException e) {
 [Link](taskName + " interrupted.");

public class TaskScheduling {

public static void main(String[] args) {

// Create threads for different tasks

Task reportThread = new Task("Report generation", 5);

Task transactionThread = new Task("Transaction processing", 5);

Task loggingThread = new Task("Logging activity", 5);

// Set priorities

[Link](Thread.MIN_PRIORITY); // Low priority

[Link](Thread.MAX_PRIORITY); // High priority

[Link](Thread.NORM_PRIORITY); // Medium priority

// Start all threads

[Link]();

[Link]();

[Link]();

Task6:

1. [Link]

import [Link].*;

import [Link];
public class RecipeManagementSystem {

private static final String FILE_NAME = "[Link]";

public static void main(String[] args) {

Scanner sc = new Scanner([Link]);

int choice;

do {

[Link]("\n---- Recipe Management System ----");

[Link]("1. Add a new recipe");

[Link]("2. View all recipes");

[Link]("3. Exit");

[Link]("Enter your choice: ");

choice = [Link]();

[Link](); // consume newline

switch (choice) {

case 1:

addRecipe(sc);

break;

case 2:

viewRecipes();

break;

case 3:

[Link]("Exiting Recipe Management System. Goodbye!");

break;

default:
 [Link]("Invalid choice! Please enter 1-3.");

} while (choice != 3);

[Link]();

// Method to add a new recipe

private static void addRecipe(Scanner sc) {

[Link]("Enter recipe name: ");

String name = [Link]();

[Link]("Enter recipe instructions: ");

String instructions = [Link]();

try (FileWriter fw = new FileWriter(FILE_NAME, true);

BufferedWriter bw = new BufferedWriter(fw)) {

[Link]("Recipe Name: " + name + "\n");

[Link]("Instructions: " + instructions + "\n");

[Link]("--------------------------------------------------\n");

[Link]("Recipe saved successfully!");

} catch (IOException e) {

[Link]("Error saving recipe: " + [Link]());

// Method to view all recipes

 private static void viewRecipes() {

try (FileReader fr = new FileReader(FILE_NAME);

BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(fr)) {

String line;

[Link]("\nRecipes in the Recipe Book:\n");

while ((line = [Link]()) != null) {

[Link](line);

} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {

[Link]("No recipes found. Please add some first.");

} catch (IOException e) {

[Link]("Error reading recipes: " + [Link]());

2. [Link]

import [Link];

// Common interface for all payment methods

interface Payment {

void pay(double amount);

// Credit Card payment class

class CreditCardPayment implements Payment {

@Override
 public void pay(double amount) {

double charge = amount * 0.02; // 2% charge

[Link]("Processing Rs." + amount + " via Credit Card. 2% charge applied.

Total: Rs." + (amount + charge));

// PayPal payment class

class PayPalPayment implements Payment {

@Override

public void pay(double amount) {

double fee = 5; // Flat Rs.5 fee

[Link]("Processing Rs." + amount + " via PayPal. Rs.5 flat fee applied.
Total: Rs." + (amount + fee));

// UPI payment class

class UPIPayment implements Payment {

@Override

public void pay(double amount) {

[Link]("Processing Rs." + amount + " via UPI. No additional charges.");

public class OnlinePaymentSystem {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Scanner sc = new Scanner([Link]);

[Link]("Enter the amount to pay: Rs.");

double amount = [Link]();

[Link]();

[Link]("\nSelect Payment Method:");

[Link]("1. Credit Card");

[Link]("2. PayPal");

[Link]("3. UPI");

[Link]("Your choice: ");

int choice = [Link]();

Payment paymentMethod;

// Dynamic method dispatch

switch (choice) {

case 1:

paymentMethod = new CreditCardPayment();

break;

case 2:

paymentMethod = new PayPalPayment();

break;

case 3:

paymentMethod = new UPIPayment();

break;

default:

[Link]("Invalid choice!");

[Link]();

return;
 }

// The actual pay() method called is determined at runtime

[Link](amount);

[Link]();

Task-7:

1. Development of a Console-Based Text Editing Tool Using Java StringBuffer

[Link]

import [Link];

public class TextEditor {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Scanner sc = new Scanner([Link]);

// Step 1: Initialize StringBuffer with user input

[Link]("Enter initial text: ");

StringBuffer textBuffer = new StringBuffer([Link]());

[Link]("Current Text: " + textBuffer);

// Step 2: Menu-driven operations

while (true) {

[Link]("\nChoose an operation:");

[Link]("1. Append text");

[Link]("2. Insert text");

[Link]("3. Replace text");

[Link]("4. Delete text");

[Link]("5. Reverse text");

[Link]("6. Set specific character");

[Link]("7. Set length");

[Link]("8. Show char at index");

[Link]("9. Show capacity & length");

[Link]("10. Exit");

[Link]("Enter your choice (1-10): ");

int choice = [Link]();

[Link](); // Clear newline

switch (choice) {

case 1: // Append text

[Link]("Enter text to append: ");

String appendText = [Link]();

[Link](appendText);

break;

case 2: // Insert text

[Link]("Enter position to insert at: ");

int insertPos = [Link]();

[Link]();

[Link]("Enter text to insert: ");

String insertText = [Link]();

if (insertPos >= 0 && insertPos <= [Link]()) {

[Link](insertPos, insertText);

} else {
 [Link]("Invalid position!");

break;

case 3: // Replace text

[Link]("Enter start index: ");

int start = [Link]();

[Link]("Enter end index: ");

int end = [Link]();

[Link]();

[Link]("Enter replacement text: ");

String replaceText = [Link]();

if (start >= 0 && end <= [Link]() && start < end) {

[Link](start, end, replaceText);

} else {

[Link]("Invalid range!");

break;

case 4: // Delete text

[Link]("Enter start index: ");

int delStart = [Link]();

[Link]("Enter end index: ");

int delEnd = [Link]();

[Link]();

if (delStart >= 0 && delEnd <= [Link]() && delStart < delEnd) {

[Link](delStart, delEnd);

} else {
 [Link]("Invalid range!");

break;

case 5: // Reverse text

[Link]();

break;

case 6: // Set specific character

[Link]("Enter index to modify: ");

int index = [Link]();

[Link]();

[Link]("Enter new character: ");

char ch = [Link]().charAt(0);

if (index >= 0 && index < [Link]()) {

[Link](index, ch);

} else {

[Link]("Invalid index!");

break;

case 7: // Set length

[Link]("Enter new length: ");

int newLength = [Link]();

[Link]();

[Link](newLength);

break;
 case 8: // Show character at index

[Link]("Enter index to view character: ");

int viewIndex = [Link]();

[Link]();

if (viewIndex >= 0 && viewIndex < [Link]()) {

[Link]("Character at index " + viewIndex + ": " +

[Link](viewIndex));

} else {

[Link]("Invalid index!");

break;

case 9: // Show capacity and length

[Link]("Current Capacity: " + [Link]());

[Link]("Current Length: " + [Link]());

break;

case 10: // Exit

[Link]("Exiting editor. Goodbye!");

[Link]();

return;

default:

[Link]("Invalid choice! Please enter 1-10.");

// Display current text after each operation

[Link]("\nCurrent Text: " + textBuffer);

 }

2. [Link]

import [Link].*;

import [Link];

public class MessageStorageSystem {

private static final String FILE_NAME = "[Link]";

public static void main(String[] args) {

Scanner sc = new Scanner([Link]);

int choice;

do {

[Link]("\n----------- Message Storage & Retrieval System -----------");

[Link]("1. Write a new message");

[Link]("2. Read all messages");

[Link]("3. Exit");

[Link]("Enter your choice: ");

choice = [Link]();

[Link](); // consume newline

switch (choice) {

case 1:

writeMessage(sc);

break;

case 2:
 readMessages();

break;

case 3:

[Link]("Exiting system. Goodbye!");

break;

default:

[Link]("Invalid choice! Enter 1-3.");

} while (choice != 3);

[Link]();

// Method to write a new message to the file

private static void writeMessage(Scanner sc) {

[Link]("Enter your message: ");

String message = [Link]();

try (FileWriter fw = new FileWriter(FILE_NAME, true);

BufferedWriter bw = new BufferedWriter(fw)) {

[Link](message);

[Link](); // Separate messages by newline

[Link]("Message saved successfully!");

} catch (IOException e) {

[Link]("Error saving message: " + [Link]());

}
 // Method to read all messages from the file

private static void readMessages() {

try (FileReader fr = new FileReader(FILE_NAME);

BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(fr)) {

String line;

[Link]("Messages in file:");

while ((line = [Link]()) != null) {

[Link](line);

} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {

[Link]("No messages found. Please write some first.");

} catch (IOException e) {

[Link]("Error reading messages: " + [Link]());

Task-8:

1. Online Exam Evaluation System

1️⃣ Package: [Link]

[Link]

package [Link];

public interface Exam {

void startExam();

void evaluateScore(int score) throws Exception;

}
2️⃣ Package: [Link]

[Link]

package [Link];

public class FailException extends Exception {

public FailException(String message) {

super(message);

3️⃣ Package: [Link]

[Link]

package [Link];

import [Link];

import [Link];

public class ExamPortal implements Exam {

private static final int PASSING_SCORE = 40;

@Override

public void startExam() {

[Link]("Exam Started... Answer all questions.");

@Override

public void evaluateScore(int score) throws FailException {

if (score < PASSING_SCORE) {

throw new FailException("Fail — Score below passing threshold.");

} else {

[Link]("Result: Pass — Congratulations!");

 }

4️⃣ Package: [Link]

[Link]

package [Link];

import [Link];

import [Link];

import [Link];

import [Link];

public class MainApp {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Scanner sc = new Scanner([Link]);

Exam exam = new ExamPortal();

[Link]();

try {

[Link]("Enter your score (0 - 100): ");

int score = [Link]();

if (score < 0 || score > 100) {

[Link]("Error: Score must be between 0 and 100.");

} else {

[Link](score);

} catch (FailException fe) {

[Link]("Result: " + [Link]());

} catch (Exception e) {

[Link]("Error: Invalid input. Please enter numeric scores.");

 } finally {

[Link]("Thank you for attending the exam.");

[Link]();

5. Fare Calculation System for a Travel Agency [Link]

import [Link];

class TravelAgency {

private String customerName;

private double totalFare;

public TravelAgency(String customerName) {

[Link] = customerName;

// Method 1: Basic Taxi Ride (distance only)

public void calculateFare(double distance) {

double ratePerKm = 15; // fixed rate per km

totalFare = distance * ratePerKm;

[Link]("Taxi Fare calculated.");

// Method 2: Bus Ride (distance and number of passengers)

public void calculateFare(double distance, int passengers) {

double ratePerKmPerPassenger = 5; // fare per km per passenger

 totalFare = distance * passengers * ratePerKmPerPassenger;

[Link]("Bus Fare calculated.");

// Method 3: Luxury Ride (distance, vehicle type, toll charges)

public void calculateFare(double distance, String vehicleType, double tollCharge) {

double ratePerKm;

if ([Link]("SUV")) {

ratePerKm = 30;

} else if ([Link]("Sedan")) {

ratePerKm = 25;

} else {

ratePerKm = 20; // default luxury rate

totalFare = distance * ratePerKm + tollCharge;

[Link]("Luxury Ride Fare calculated.");

// Display travel summary

public void displaySummary() {

[Link]("\n--- Travel Fare Summary ---");

[Link]("Customer Name : " + customerName);

[Link]("Total Fare : %.2f\n", totalFare);

public class TravelAgencyFareSystem {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Scanner sc = new Scanner([Link]);

[Link]("Enter Customer Name: ");

String name = [Link]();

TravelAgency trip = new TravelAgency(name);

[Link]("Choose Trip Type:");

[Link]("1. Basic Taxi Ride");

[Link]("2. Bus Ride with Passengers");

[Link]("3. Luxury Ride with Toll");

[Link]("Enter your choice: ");

int choice = [Link]();

switch (choice) {

case 1:

[Link]("Enter distance (km): ");

double taxiDistance = [Link]();

[Link](taxiDistance);

break;

case 2:

[Link]("Enter distance (km): ");

double busDistance = [Link]();

[Link]("Enter number of passengers: ");

int passengers = [Link]();

[Link](busDistance, passengers);

break;

case 3:

[Link]("Enter distance (km): ");

 double luxDistance = [Link]();

[Link](); // consume newline

[Link]("Enter vehicle type (SUV/Sedan): ");

String vehicleType = [Link]();

[Link]("Enter toll charges: ");

double toll = [Link]();

[Link](luxDistance, vehicleType, toll);

break;

default:

[Link]("Invalid choice!");

[Link]();

return;

[Link]();

[Link]();

Task-9

1. [Link]

1️⃣ Class: [Link]

public class Invoice {

private String partNumber;

private String partDescription;

private int quantity;

private double pricePerItem;

public Invoice(String partNumber, String partDescription, int quantity, double

pricePerItem) {
 [Link] = partNumber;

[Link] = partDescription;

setQuantity(quantity);

setPricePerItem(pricePerItem);

public void setPartNumber(String partNumber) {

[Link] = partNumber;

public String getPartNumber() {

return partNumber;

public void setPartDescription(String partDescription) {

[Link] = partDescription;

public String getPartDescription() {

return partDescription;

public void setQuantity(int quantity) {

if (quantity > 0)

[Link] = quantity;

else

[Link] = 0;

public int getQuantity() {

return quantity;
 }

public void setPricePerItem(double pricePerItem) {

if (pricePerItem > 0)

[Link] = pricePerItem;

else

[Link] = 0.0;

public double getPricePerItem() {

return pricePerItem;

// Method to calculate invoice amount

public double getInvoiceAmount() {

return quantity * pricePerItem;

2️⃣ Test Application: [Link]

import [Link];

public class InvoiceTest {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Scanner sc = new Scanner([Link]);

[Link]("Enter Part Number: ");

String partNumber = [Link]();

 [Link]("Enter Part Description: ");

String partDescription = [Link]();

[Link]("Enter Quantity: ");

int quantity = [Link]();

[Link]("Enter Price per Item: ");

double pricePerItem = [Link]();

// Create Invoice object

Invoice invoice = new Invoice(partNumber, partDescription, quantity, pricePerItem);

// Display Invoice Details

[Link]("\n--- Invoice Details ---");

[Link]("Part Number: " + [Link]());

[Link]("Description: " + [Link]());

[Link]("Quantity: " + [Link]());

[Link]("Price per Item: " + [Link]());

[Link]("Total Invoice Amount: " + [Link]());

[Link]();

2. Main Program: [Link]

import [Link];

import [Link];
public class BankWithdrawalSystem {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Scanner sc = new Scanner([Link]);

double balance = 5000.0;

[Link]("Welcome to ABC Bank");

[Link]("Your current balance: Rs." + balance);

try {

[Link]("Enter amount to withdraw: Rs.");

double withdrawAmount = [Link]();

// Check for negative or zero withdrawal

if (withdrawAmount <= 0) {

throw new IllegalArgumentException("Withdrawal amount must be positive.");

// Check for insufficient funds

if (withdrawAmount > balance) {

throw new InsufficientFundsException("Insufficient balance! You have only Rs." +

balance);

// Successful withdrawal

balance -= withdrawAmount;

[Link]("Withdrawal successful! Remaining balance: Rs." + balance);

} catch (InputMismatchException e) {
 [Link]("Error: Invalid input type. Please enter numeric values only.");

} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {

[Link]("Error: " + [Link]());

} catch (InsufficientFundsException e) {

[Link]("Transaction Failed: " + [Link]());

} finally {

[Link]("Thank you for banking with us.");

[Link]();

Task-10:

1. Smart Home Device Control System

1️⃣ Package: [Link]

[Link]

package [Link];2

public interface SmartDevice {

void turnOn();

void turnOff();

String getStatus();

[Link]

package [Link];

public class SmartLight implements SmartDevice {

private boolean isOn = false;

 @Override

public void turnOn() {

isOn = true;

[Link]("Smart Light is turned ON.");

@Override

public void turnOff() {

isOn = false;

[Link]("Smart Light is turned OFF.");

@Override

public String getStatus() {

return isOn ? "Smart Light is ON." : "Smart Light is OFF.";

[Link]

package [Link];

public class SmartFan implements SmartDevice {

private boolean isOn = false;

@Override

public void turnOn() {

isOn = true;

[Link]("Smart Fan is turned ON.");

 }

@Override

public void turnOff() {

isOn = false;

[Link]("Smart Fan is turned OFF.");

@Override

public String getStatus() {

return isOn ? "Smart Fan is ON." : "Smart Fan is OFF.";

[Link]

package [Link];

public class SmartThermostat implements SmartDevice {

private boolean isOn = false;

@Override

public void turnOn() {

isOn = true;

[Link]("Smart Thermostat is turned ON.");

@Override

public void turnOff() {

 isOn = false;

[Link]("Smart Thermostat is turned OFF.");

@Override

public String getStatus() {

return isOn ? "Smart Thermostat is ON." : "Smart Thermostat is OFF.";

2️⃣ Package: [Link]

[Link]

package [Link];

import [Link].*;

import [Link];

public class SmartHomeControlPanel {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Scanner sc = new Scanner([Link]);

SmartDevice device = null;

boolean exit = false;

[Link]("Welcome to Smart Home Control Panel");

while (!exit) {

[Link]("\nChoose device to control:");

[Link]("1. Smart Light");

[Link]("2. Smart Fan");

[Link]("3. Smart Thermostat");

[Link]("4. Exit");

[Link]("Enter your choice: ");

int deviceChoice = [Link]();

switch (deviceChoice) {

case 1:

device = new SmartLight();

break;

case 2:

device = new SmartFan();

break;

case 3:

device = new SmartThermostat();

break;

case 4:

exit = true;

continue;

default:

[Link]("Invalid choice! Please enter 1-4.");

continue;

boolean deviceExit = false;

while (!deviceExit) {

[Link]("\n1. Turn ON");

[Link]("2. Turn OFF");

 [Link]("3. Get Status");

[Link]("4. Exit to main menu");

[Link]("Choose an action: ");

int action = [Link]();

switch (action) {

case 1:

[Link]();

break;

case 2:

[Link]();

break;

case 3:

[Link]([Link]());

break;

case 4:

deviceExit = true;

break;

default:

[Link]("Invalid action! Please enter 1-4.");

[Link]("Exiting control panel...");

[Link]();

}
2. [Link]

import [Link];

class Employee {

private String name;

private int employeeID;

private String department;

private double basicSalary;

// Constructor

public Employee(String name, int employeeID, String department, double basicSalary) {

[Link] = name;

[Link] = employeeID;

[Link] = department;

[Link] = basicSalary;

// Getters

public String getName() {

return name;

public int getEmployeeID() {

return employeeID;

public String getDepartment() {

return department;

}
 public double getBasicSalary() {

return basicSalary;

// Calculate gross salary

public double calculateGrossSalary() {

double hra = 0.20 * basicSalary; // 20% HRA

double da = 0.10 * basicSalary; // 10% DA

return basicSalary + hra + da;

public class EmployeeManagementSystem {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Scanner sc = new Scanner([Link]);

[Link]("Enter number of employees: ");

int n = [Link]();

[Link](); // consume newline

Employee[] employees = new Employee[n];

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {

[Link]("\nEnter details for Employee " + (i + 1));

[Link]("Enter Name: ");

String name = [Link]();

[Link]("Enter Employee ID: ");

 int id = [Link]();

[Link](); // consume newline

[Link]("Enter Department: ");

String dept = [Link]();

[Link]("Enter Basic Salary: ");

double basicSalary = [Link]();

[Link](); // consume newline

employees[i] = new Employee(name, id, dept, basicSalary);

[Link]("\n--- Employee Details ---");

for (Employee emp : employees) {

[Link]("Employee ID: " + [Link]());

[Link]("Name: " + [Link]());

[Link]("Department: " + [Link]());

[Link]("Basic Salary: " + [Link]());

[Link]("Gross Salary: " + [Link]());

[Link]("------------------------------");

[Link]();