DESIGN III GENERAL ARRANGEMENT & SAFETY PLAN

DEPARTMENT OF MARINE ENGINEERING

Calculation of the Machinery of Anchor,

Windlass, Rudder, Loading-unloading
and Weight of the Construction and
Machineries
Doc. No. 04 - 5019211120 - AM

Prepared by Approved by
Rev. Date Remark
Adin Alfurrohmat Prof. Dr. Ketut Buda Artana, S.T., M.Sc
 Calculation of the Machinery of Doc. No 04 - 5019211120 - AM
Anchor, Windlass, Rudder,
Loading-unloading and Weight of
Rev No. 0
the Construction and Machineries Page 2 of 19

I. INTRODUCTION
Ship must have some supporting equipment for making sure it still in current
position when ship was stop. The equipment is anchor. Anchor is the equipment on
board which serves to keep the ship in order to remain in the desired position both
when at sea and while docked at the pier. At the time of being moored, there were
several forces acting on the anchor that is the style by the sea water flow at the base
of the vessel, the force by the wind on the structure of the ship above the water line,
and the combination of inertial forces due to pitching and rolling. Thus, where the
anchor is expected to dampen all the force effectively so that the ship remains in
position.
the anchor has other supporting components that form the anchor chain
(anchor chain), hole in the wall where the ship anchors in and out (hawse pipe holes)
and a mechanism to stop the anchor chain (chain stopper). Anchor chain itself is stored
in a storage room anchor (chain locker) that is located just below the anchor machinery
(windlass).

II. OBJECTIVES
The things that we must understand about this document are:
1. Calculate anchoring equipments
2. Calculate the weight of construction
3. Calculate the weight of machineries

III. REFERENCES
1. MARPOL 73/78 Annex 1 Regulation ds.
2. Practical Ship Design, 1969
3. BKI Class Rule

IV. LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

Table 3.1 List of Abbreviations
No. Abbreviations Explanation
1 U Equipment number
2 Z The BKI class equipment numeral
3 TCL Cable lifter tensile force
4 MCL Cable lifter torque
5 MM Motor torque
6 NE Windlass motor power
7 TW Capstan tensile force
8 nW Capstan roller rotation
9 MW Capstan roller torque
10 NC Capstan motor power
11 A Size of rudder area
12 CR Rudder force without cutouts
13 QR Rudder torque without cutouts
 Calculation of the Machinery of Doc. No 04 - 5019211120 - AM
Anchor, Windlass, Rudder,
Loading-unloading and Weight of
Rev No. 0
the Construction and Machineries Page 3 of 19

14 NRS Axis rudder power

15 NST Steering gear power
16 S Upper rudder stock
17 Sl Lower rudder stock
18 Wst Weight of Ship Steel Weight
19 Woa Weight of Outfit and Accommodation
20 Wme Weight of Machinery Installation
21 Wre Weight of the remainder
22 Wres Reserve weight
23 LWT Light weight tonnage

V. CHAPTER DESCRIPTION
Auxiliary machinery in this chapter is about machining in the deck. Deck
machinery is all with propulsion equipment located outside the engine room and has
nothing to do with the main propulsion plant. Auxiliary machinery to be counted in this
chapter is the windlass, steering gear, Capstan, and cranes. In doing calculations,
formulas that will be used based on the rules of Class NK.

VI. SUMMARY CALCULATION

Table 3.3 Summary Calculation
No. Key of Calculation Value Unit
1 Weight of Anchor 3540 kg
2 Length of Anchor Chain Cable 522,5 m
3 TCL (Cable Lifter Tensile Force) 30,7436 kN
4 MCL (Cable Lifter Torque) 11419,03 Kgf.m
5 MM (Motor Torque) 52,866 Kgf.m
6 Ne (Windlass Motor Power) 54,2905 kW
7 TW (Capstan Tensile Force) 7469,425 kN
8 nW (Capstan Roller Rotation) 13,3628 rpm
9 MW (Capstan Roller Torque) 21.10845 kgm
10 Nc (Capstan Motor Power) 21,977893003 kW
11 Rudder Area 14,7881 m2
12 CR (Rudder Force ) 450,1361 kN
13 QR (Rudder Torque) 167,7286 kNm
14 Nst (Steering Gear Power) 90,9112 kW
15 Wst (Weight of Ship Steel Weight) 2811,2 ton
16 Woa (Weight of Outfitting) 866,14 ton
17 Wmt (Weight of engine installation) 385,49 ton
18 Wres (Reserve Weight) 101,57 ton
19 LWT (Light Weight Tonnage) 4164,4097 ton
 Calculation of the Machinery of Doc. No 04 - 5019211120 - AM
Anchor, Windlass, Rudder,
Loading-unloading and Weight of
Rev No. 0
the Construction and Machineries Page 4 of 19

VII. DETAIL CALCULATION

1. Anchor and Chain

Based on Llyod’s register part 3 chapter 13 section 7, equipment number
regulate the numbers, mass and sizes of anchor and chain. It can be obtained from
the following formula.

Equipment Number = Δ2/3 + 2BH + A/10

= (17236,71)2/3 + 2(20,45)(17,51) + (965,1336)/10
= 1479,74

Which is component defined as :

Δ = molded displacement, in tonnes, to the summer load waterline
B = greatest molded breadth, in metres
H = Freeboard amidships, in metres, from the summer load waterline to the
upper deck, plus the sum of the heights at the centreline, in metres, of each
tier of houses having a breadth greaterr than B/4
A = Area, in m2, in profile view of the hull, within the rule length of the vessel,
and of superstructures and houses above the summer load waterline, which
are within the rule length of the vessel and also having a breadth greater
than B/4

So, we can input in table of equipment numeral (taken Reg. No. 126 from BKI class
rule)

Identification of stockless bower anchors

Number =2
Mass per anchor = 4320 kg

From the data, will be used Sotra Anchor and Chain type SPEK with specification
table on attachment X specification of equipments

Figure 3.1 Sotra Anchor SPEK Type

 Calculation of the Machinery of Doc. No 04 - 5019211120 - AM
Anchor, Windlass, Rudder,
Loading-unloading and Weight of
Rev No. 0
the Construction and Machineries Page 5 of 19

Table 3.4 Equipment Number for Anchor and Chain

Identification of Chain Cable Stud Link Bower Chain

Length = 550 m
Diameter (d2) = 58 mm

From the data, will be used Sotra Anchor and Chain (grade 2) with specification
table on attachment X specification of equipments
 Calculation of the Machinery of Doc. No 04 - 5019211120 - AM
Anchor, Windlass, Rudder,
Loading-unloading and Weight of
Rev No. 0
the Construction and Machineries Page 6 of 19

Figure 3.2 Common Link

Proofload = 1290 kN
Breakload = 1810 kN

Table 3.5 Equipment Number for Towline and Hawsers

Identification of Towline Wire or Rope

Length = 200 m
Breaking strength = 836 kN
From the data, will be used Survitec Nuflex 8 Strand with specification table on
attachment X specification of equipments

Identification of Hawsers
Number =4
Length of each = 180 m
Breaking strength = 352 kN
From the data, will be used Survitec Nuflex 8 Strand with specification table on
attachment X specification of equipments
 Calculation of the Machinery of Doc. No 04 - 5019211120 - AM
Anchor, Windlass, Rudder,
Loading-unloading and Weight of
Rev No. 0
the Construction and Machineries Page 7 of 19

Chain Locker
S = 1.1 x d2 x (L/105) m3
Where,
d = Diameter of chain
= 58 mm,
L = Length of chain
= 550 m
So, volume of chain locker is :
S needed = 1,1 x 582 x (550/105)
= 20,3522 m3

Mud Box
Amin = 33d2
Where,
d = Diameter of chain
= 58 mm
= 0,058 m

So, area of mud box is :

Amin needed = 33d2
= 33(0,058)2
= 3,663386 m2

2. Windlass
Windlass is an anchoring machinery used to pull or drag out the anchor
chain. In planning the machining anchor should be calculate :
a. Calculation of Cable Lifter Tensile Force (Tcl)

𝜌𝑊
𝑇𝐶𝐿 = 2𝑓ℎ × [𝐺𝐴 + (𝑃𝐴 × 𝐿𝐴 ) × [1 − ( )
𝜌𝑎

Ga = Anchor Weight
= 4320 kg
Pa = Anchor Chain Wight
= 0,0218 x D²
= 94,9608 kg/m
La = Length of Hanging Chain
= 100 m
ρw = Sea Water Density
= 1025 kg/m³
ρa = Material Density of Steel
= 7750 kg/m³
fh = Friction factor of hawse pipe & stoper with value 1,28 ~ 1,35
= 1.35
 Calculation of the Machinery of Doc. No 04 - 5019211120 - AM
Anchor, Windlass, Rudder,
Loading-unloading and Weight of
Rev No. 0
the Construction and Machineries Page 8 of 19

So, that
Tcl = (2x1.35) x (4320+( 94,96x100)) x (1-(1025/7750)
=37298,48 N
=37,29848 kN

From the data, will be used LMS Product WDGE Windlass with specification
table on attachment X specification of equipments

b. Calculation of Cable Lifter Torque (Mcl)

𝑇𝐶𝐿 × 𝐷𝐶𝐿
𝑀𝐶𝐿 =
2𝜂𝐶𝐿
Dcl = effective diameter of cable lifter
= 0.013*d
= 0,754 m
ηcl = cable lifter efficiency with value between 0,9 ~ 0,92
= 0.91
Mcl = (37298,48 x 0,754)/(2 x 0.91)
= 15452,22839 kgf.m

c. Calculation of Motor Torque (Mm)

𝑀𝐶𝐿
𝑀𝑀 =
𝑖𝐴 × 𝜂𝐴
ia = ratio between windlass motor rotation & cable lifter rotation
= nm/ncl
= 193,3
nm = motor rotation speed
= 1000 rpm
= 16,667 rps
ncl = cable lifter rotation
= 5,1724 rpm
ηa = equipment efficiency for worm gearing (0,7~0,8)
= 0,8
So, that
Mm = (15452,2283)/(193,3 x 0.8)
= 99,9066 kgf.m

d. Calculation of Windlass Motor Power (Nm)

𝑀𝑚 × 𝑁𝑚
𝑁𝑒 =
716.2
Ne = (Mm x nm) / 716,2
= 139,4954609 HP
= 102,5989115 kW
 Calculation of the Machinery of Doc. No 04 - 5019211120 - AM
Anchor, Windlass, Rudder,
Loading-unloading and Weight of
Rev No. 0
the Construction and Machineries Page 9 of 19

3. Rudder

a. Steering Gear & Rudder Calculation

In this design, container ship is using rudder blade with cut outs. The
calculation is as follows:

1. Size Rudder Area

Based on American Bureau of Shipping Part 3, Rudder Blade area
is recommend not to be less than:
𝑇 × 𝐿 𝐵 2
𝐴= × {1 + (25 × [ ] )}
100 𝐿
So, calculation for rudder area is :
A = (7,17 x 146,51/100) x (1 + (25 x (20,45/146,51)2)))
= 15,62133229 m²

2. Main dimensions of rudder

Based on Van Lamerens “Resistance, propulsion, and steering of
ship”, main dimensions determined by maker in after perpendicular
availability. The dimensions are identified in this figure.

Figure 3.3 Dimension of Rudder

The dimensions can be calculated by these formula :

Area of rudder in front of rudder stock (A’) :

 Calculation of the Machinery of Doc. No 04 - 5019211120 - AM
Anchor, Windlass, Rudder,
Loading-unloading and Weight of
Rev No. 0
the Construction and Machineries Page 10 of 19

A’ = (A1f +A2f) = A’= 20%A

A’ = 3,1242665 m²

Height and width of rudder area :

𝑏
= 1.8
𝑐
A=bxc
A = 1.8c x c
A = 1.8 c²
𝐴
𝑐=√
1.8
c = 2,945932
b = 5,302678

So that the total area rudder (A) and shaded rudder area (Af) is
A1f = 35%A
A1f = 1,093493

A2f = 65%A’
A2f = 2,030773

A1 = 50%A – A1F
A1 = 6,717173

A2 = 50%A -A2F
A2 = 5,779893

C1 = A1/(50%b)
C1 = 2,533502

C2 = A2/(50%b)
C2 = 2,179990

B1 = 1,8*C1
B1 = 4,560303

B2 = 1,8*C2
B2 = 3,923982
 Calculation of the Machinery of Doc. No 04 - 5019211120 - AM
Anchor, Windlass, Rudder,
Loading-unloading and Weight of
Rev No. 0
the Construction and Machineries Page 11 of 19

b. Rudder Force Calculation

Rudder force is to be obtained from the following equation:

Cr = 132 . A . v2 . k1 . k2 . K3 . Kt

To determine the force on the steering leaf it is necessary also to know first
few coefficients that will be used in the calculation of the force on the steering
leaf. Coefficients were used :

K1 = (A+2)/3
= 1.16667
K2 = Profile NACA
= 1.1
K3 = 1.15
Kt =1

So that the net force on rudder leaf is;

Cr = 132 . A . v2 . k1 . k2 . K3 . Kt
= 596,465581 kN

Cr1 = Cr*A1/A
= 256,4802 kN

Cr2 = Cr*A2/A
= 220,6922 kN

c. Rudder Stock Torque Calculation

In the calculation of the torque on rudder stick (rudder stock) for a type
of semi-spade rudder :

QR = Cr x r

Where :
CR = rudder force as calculated
r = c(α − k) but not less than 0.1c for ahead condition
c = mean breadth of rudder area
a = coefficient (0.33)
k = Af / A
Af = area of rudder blade situated forward of the rudder stock centerline
A = whole rudder area

r = c(α-k) k = Af/A
= 2,945932 x (0,33 – 0,2) = 0,2
= 0,382971
 Calculation of the Machinery of Doc. No 04 - 5019211120 - AM
Anchor, Windlass, Rudder,
Loading-unloading and Weight of
Rev No. 0
the Construction and Machineries Page 12 of 19

So that Qr is:
Qr = 596,4655819 x 0,382971
Qr = 228,4291499 kNm

r1 = c(α-k) k1 = Af/A
= 0,423625 = 0,16279

So that Qr1 is:

Qr1 = 108,6514466 kNm

r2 = c(α-k) k1 = Af/A
= 0,435998 = 0,13

So that Qr1 is:

Qr1 = 28,68999449 kNm

d. Steering Gear Power Calculation

Based on the formula in the book "Marine auxiliary Machinary and
System" by M. Khetagurov the power required to rotate the rudder is as follows:

Ns = QR x wrs / 75
wrs = (2α/t)(phi/180)

where, α = 35 degree
t = 28 second
So, that
Nrs = 132,8273 HP

Nst = Nrs / ηsg

where, ηsg = steering gear efficiency

= 0.7 ~ 0.9 = 0.8
Nst = 132,8273 /0.8
= 166,0342 HP
= 123,8117 kW

e. Rudder Stock Diameter

Rudder stock can be calculated with Llyod’s register as guidance :

The upper stock is that part of the rudder stock above the neck bearing or
above the top pintle, as applicable. At the upper bearing or tiller, the upper
stock diameter is not to be less than obtained from the following equation:
3
𝑆 = 4.2 × √𝑀𝑇 × 𝐾𝑜
 Calculation of the Machinery of Doc. No 04 - 5019211120 - AM
Anchor, Windlass, Rudder,
Loading-unloading and Weight of
Rev No. 0
the Construction and Machineries Page 13 of 19

MT = total rudder torque, as defined in kN-m

Ko = material factor for upper rudder stock
= (235/Y)0.75
= 0.614315554
where Y = 450

So, that
S = 218,2547 mm

4. Calculating of Ship's LWT

a. Steel Weight (Wst)

Weight calculation of steel is based on formula by Practical Ship Design, DGM
Watson :

Wst = K x E1.36
Wst = 2662,8 Ton

Note : K = 0,031±0,002 for bulk carriers

Taken K = 0,029

E = Lpp(B+T)+ 0.85 Lpp(H-T)+0.85{(L1*h1)+0.75(L2*h2)}

E = 4458,8

Note : L1 = Forecastle Deck Length

Note : L2 = Poop Deck Length
Note : H1 = Forecastle Deck Height from main deck
Note : H2 = Superstructure height

b. Outfit Weight Calculation (Wo)

The calculation of ship outfitting is based on The traditional method of
estimating the outfit weight for a new merchant ship was by proportioning the
outfit weight of a similar ship on the basis of the relative “square numbers”,
i.e., L x B, and then making corrections for any known differences in the
specifications of the “basis” and “new” ships.
 Calculation of the Machinery of Doc. No 04 - 5019211120 - AM
Anchor, Windlass, Rudder,
Loading-unloading and Weight of
Rev No. 0
the Construction and Machineries Page 14 of 19

Figure 5.1 Outfit weight diagram

From diagram above, based on LPP we can conclude that for tanker ship, the
Wo / Lx B is around 0.4. (Practical Ship Design Page. 100, DGM Watson)
LPP = Length Between Perpendicular
= 146,51 m
B = Breadth of Ship
= 20,45 m

WO = 0,4 x Lpp x B
= 1198,5 ton

c. Machinery Installation Weight

For calculation of machinery installation weight, Two Group Method from
"Practical Ship Design" by DGM Watson.T the machinery weight divided into
two components: propulsion machinery and remainder. The propulsion
machinery is the weight of main engine taken from catalogue or project guide.
MCR = Main engine maximum continous power rate
= 4060 kW

K = Coefficient
= 0,72 for bulk carrier

Wmt = Weight of Machinery Installation

= K x MCR0.78
= 469,88 ton

d. Weight Reserves (WRes)

To avoid mistakes in planning due to unsuitable estimates in terms of
calcualtions and previous things that have not been included in the
 Calculation of the Machinery of Doc. No 04 - 5019211120 - AM
Anchor, Windlass, Rudder,
Loading-unloading and Weight of
Rev No. 0
the Construction and Machineries Page 15 of 19

consideration, it is necessary to add factor of 2-3% LWT taken rate of addition

of 0.03.

WRes = 2% (Wst+Wo+Wmt)
= 86,622 ton

LWT = Wst+Wo+Wmt+Wres
= 4417,700581 ton
 Calculation of the Machinery of Doc. No 04 - 5019211120 - AM
Anchor, Windlass, Rudder,
Loading-unloading and Weight of
Rev No. 0
the Construction and Machineries Page 16 of 19

VIII. SPECIFICATION OF EQUIPMENTS

Table 3.6 Specification of Anchor Type SPEK

 Calculation of the Machinery of Doc. No 04 - 5019211120 - AM
Anchor, Windlass, Rudder,
Loading-unloading and Weight of
Rev No. 0
the Construction and Machineries Page 17 of 19

Table 3.6 Specification of Chain

 Calculation of the Machinery of Doc. No 04 - 5019211120 - AM
Anchor, Windlass, Rudder,
Loading-unloading and Weight of
Rev No. 0
the Construction and Machineries Page 18 of 19

Table 3.7 Specification of Towline Rope

Table 3.8 Specification of Hawser

 Calculation of the Machinery of Doc. No 04 - 5019211120 - AM
Anchor, Windlass, Rudder,
Loading-unloading and Weight of
Rev No. 0
the Construction and Machineries Page 19 of 19

Table 3.9 Specification of Windlass

IX. DRAWING OF ARRANGEMENTS

See attachment of Dwg, No. 01 - 5019211120 - GA