العنوان_إنجليزي
Comparison study of hybrid nanofluids flow over the surfaces
الملخص_إنجليزي
Hybrid nanofluids are a new class of working fluids accessory to nanofluids
compiled from two different nanoparticles scattered in the base fluid.
They boost the thermal characteristics beyond traditional nanofluids with single
nanoparticles. HNFs has many thermal applications, especially in cooling
generators, electronics, and nuclear system.
This research aspires to investigate and compare hybrid nanofluids' flow and heat
transfer past a surface with the effect of a magnetic field and viscous dissipation.
We consider here the most common nanoparticles and base fluids in the
applications. The exact analytical solutions will be introduced for the stream
function and temperature distribution.
The current proposal is compatible with the vision of Kingdom 2030 in linking
scientific research and its outputs to the industry, serving society, and treating its
problems. The idea of the current project is an extension of several studies
conducted by the proposal's team in the field of hybrid nanofluids - nanofluids and
their applications.
العنوان_عربي
دراسة مقارنة لتدفق الموائع النانوية المختلطة على األسطح
الملخص_عربي
تعتبر الموائع النانونية المختلطة (والتي تعتبر امتداد للموائع النانونية العادية) فئة
جديدة من سوائل التطبيقات وهي من النقاط البحثية األكثر حيوية فى الوقت الحالي.
تتألف هذه الموائع من اثنين من الجسيمات النانوية المختلفة توضع في السائل
األساسي تواليًا .وهي توفر خصائص حرارية جيدة مع كفاءة أفضل مقارنة بالسائل
القاعدي مفردًا أو حتى الموائع النانونية المحتوية على أجسام أحادية متناهية الصغر.
يتم تطبيق الموائع النانونية المختلطة على نطاق واسع في العديد من مجاالت نقل
،الحرارة مثل التبريد في اإللكترونيات
المولدات الكهربائية ،اآلالت ،السيارات والمفاعالت النووية .كذلك في تحلية المياه،
.جراحات التبريد اآلمنة والطب الحيوي
الهدف من هذه الدراسة هو بحث ومقارنة التدفق واالنتقال الحراري لموائع نانونية
مختلطة على سطح قابل للتمدد مع تأثير المجال المغناطيسي والتبدد اللزج .وسوف
ندرس بهذا المقترح الجسيمات النانوية والسوائل القاعدية األكثر شيوًعا في
التطبيقات .يتم استنتاج الحلول التحليلية الدقيقة لدالتي التدفق وكذلك توزيع درجة
.الحرارة
ومن الجدير بالذكر أن المقترح الحالي يتوافق مع رؤية المملكة 2030في ربط
البحث العلمي ومخرجاته بالصناعة وكذلك خدمة المجتمع وعالج مشاكله .ومن ثم
تبرز أهمية فكرة المشروع الحالي وهي امتداد لعدة أبحاث قام بها فريق العمل في
مجال الموائع النانونية المختلطة والعادية وتطبيقاتها المختلفة كما هو واضح بقائمة
.المراجع من 60إلى 100
Utilization
The anticipated results of this proposal are:
1. Introducing accurately the appropriate equations that simulate the investigated problem.
2. Knowing effect of the hybrid nanoparticles on several fluid parameters such as Nusselt
number, fluid velocity, skin friction coefficient, and temperature distribution
3. Getting exact solutions of the included physical parameters.
4. Presenting new information for the hybrid nanofluids flow in the presence of thermal
radiation, magnetic field, heat source or sink, and suction or injection.
5. Exploring the influence of various parameters on the involved phenomena via
6. producing the related plots and figures.
7. Comparing successfully the current results with those in the literature review.
8. Establishing the critical values and regions and stability of the physical solutions.
9. Getting more understanding of the hybrid nanofluids behavior.
10. Enabling the researchers to effectively design the nano devices for various applications.
11. Improving the industrial applications of the hybrid nanofluids.
12. Publishing the extracted results from the project in high standard international ISI journal.
Statement of the Problem
In 1995, Choi [1] introduced NFs as an emerging technique to boost thermal
efficiency. Thermal conductivities of different NFs had been estimated by Hwang
et al. [2]. They demonstrated that improvement counts on several parameters,
including base fluid's thermal conductivity, suspended particles' volume fraction,
and particles' thermal conductivity. Wang and Su [3] introduced an experiment
performed under different pressure conditions to investigate NF flow boiling heat
transfer. Experimental studies and measurements of heat transfer were carried on
by Ahmadi and Willing [4] in water-based NFs. They developed a CFD model to
explore the kernel of both turbulent and laminar flow fields. Buongiorno NF model
as it considers the influence of several key thermophoresis parameters in addition
to Brownian motion [7-12]. On the other hand, several authors also employed
Tiwari and Das's model [13-14].
As an extension, hybrid nanofluids HNFs are introduced to get a better fluid with
higher thermal conductivity. HNFs comprise nanoparticles of two varieties
dispersed in the base fluid to offer good thermal characteristics and better
efficiency than nanofluids with single-size nanoparticles. HNFs have emerged in
many heat transfer applications, such as electronic cooling, drug reduction, nuclear
system cooling, coolant in machining, biomedical, and refrigeration. Boosting the
thermal characteristics using HNFs in heat transfer problems attracts researchers.
Suresh et al. [15] reported the effect of Al2O3-Cu/water HNF in heat transfer. The
thermal conductivity was explored by Baghbanzadeha et al. [16] in the case of
hybrid nanostructures and related NFs. Further, it was predicted forMgO-
MWCNTs/EG HNF using several experimental methods. [17].
Using finite element simulation, Nasrin and Alim [18] explore the influence of NF
with two varieties of nanoparticles imposed on the surface of the solar collector.
Al2O3-Cu/water HNF greatly affected turbulent regime heat transfer and flow
characteristics [19].
The influence of the three-dimensional Cu-Al2O3 hybrid nanofluids flow on
Lorentz force is determined to enhance heat transfer [20-21]. Yousefi et al. [22]
explored the effect of titania-copper HNF and investigated the stagnation-point
flow toward a wavy cylinder. Hayat et al. [23] demonstrate Ag-CuO/H2O hybrid
nanofluids rotational flow with radiation and partial slip boundary effects. Many
researchers investigated hybrid nanofluids numerically with different cases [24-
26]. The collection of papers on NFs or HNFs can be found in the books [27-29]
and in the review papers [30-39].
The fluid dynamics due to a stretching sheet has important applications; therefore, Sakiadis
[41] investigated the boundary layer flow on a continuous solid surface moving at constant
speed. Since the pioneering study by Crane [42], who presented an exact analytical solution for
the steady 2D flow due to a stretching surface in a quiescent fluid, many authors have considered
various aspects of this problem and obtained similar solutions, such as Wang [43], Magyari [44]
and Ishak et al. ([45], [46]). However, instead of considering the case of stretching sheet,
researchers also investigated the possibility of shrinking sheet flow, which is essentially a
backward flow, as discussed by Goldstein [47]. Development of the unusual type of flow due to
shrinking was first observed by Wang [48] when he investigated the behavior of a liquid film on
an unsteady stretching sheet. Miklavcic and Wang [49] studied the steady flow over a shrinking
sheet, which is an exact solution of the Navier-Stokes equations. The flow induced by a
shrinking sheet with constant velocity or power-law velocity distribution was investigated by
Fang et al. [50, 51], Fang [52], and Fang and Zhang [53]. According to these papers, the flow
induced by a shrinking sheet shows physical phenomena quite distinct from the forward
stretching flow. Many researchers also extended the shrinking sheet problem to other fluids and
various geometries with different conditions, such as references [54] to [59].
For further work about the nanofluids and hybrid nanofluids flow in different geometries and for
various physical parameters, the reader is also advised to read the references from [60] to [100]
for the present project authors.
Motivated by the above studies, the paper aims to investigate the problem of the steady MHD
flow and heat transfer of an HNF past a stretching/shrinking sheet with wall mass suction by
employing HNF equations. The governing equations with boundary conditions are transformed
into a system of ordinary differential equations using a similarity transformation. The equations
are then solved precisely for the stream function and temperature distributions. The effects of
several parameters on the flow and heat transfer characteristics are presented in graphical form.
A comparison has been made to validate the numerical results obtained with the existing results
in the literature. To the present knowledge of the authors, no studies have been reported in the
literature.
