Tet la’ngech
Embedded Systems Technology
Third session – 03/09/2024
TETE 3102 MICROCONTROLLERS AND APPLICATIONS
Lecturer: Dickson Mugerwa (Ph.D.)
Prac session: Mr. Matovu Paul
Department of Electrical and Electronics
Engineering
Embedded Systems
STM32 General Purpose Input
Output (GPIO) Peripheral
“Innovating for progress with embedded systems”
1
GPIO: GPIO Basics
❑ GPIO pins serve as the interface between the microcontroller and the
external world. They can be configured as either input or output.
Key attributes of GPIO:
❑ Direction – Input (reading signal) or Output (driving external device)
❑ Mode – Input/Output, Analog or Alternate function
❑ Speed – How fast the voltage changes
❑ Pull-up/pull-down – Optional resistors that affect the default state of the
pin
GPIO: GPIO Registers
STM32 MCUs provide several registers to configure and control GPIO pins
❑ GPIOx_MODER: Sets the pin mode (input, output, alternate function, or
analog).
❑ GPIOx_OTYPER: Configures the output type (push-pull or open-drain).
❑ GPIOx_OSPEEDR: Sets the output speed.
❑ GPIOx_PUPDR: Configures pull-up and pull-down resistors.
❑ GPIOx_IDR: Reads the input data register (for reading input pins).
❑ GPIOx_ODR: Writes to the output data register (for setting output pins).
❑ GPIOx_BSRR: Sets or clears individual bits in the output data register.
❑ GPIOx_AFRL and GPIOx_AFRH: Configure alternate function mappings.
GPIO: Operating modes
❑ Each port bit of the general-purpose I/O (GPIO) ports can be individually
configured by software in several modes:
Output mode: push-pull
Input mode: floating,
or open drain + pull-
pull-up/down, analog
up/down
General
Purpose
Alternate functions: Input
❑ USART/UART Output
❑ SPI
❑ I2C
❑ TIMERS/PWM Analog (ADC)
❑ External Interrupts
GPIO: Pin Configuration
❑ Configure the Pin Mode:
input/output
❑ Set Output Type and Speed (if
output).
❑ Configure Pull-up/Pull-down (if
needed).
❑ Set the pull-up/pull-down resistors
❑ Read/Write/Toggle.
GPIO: Basic Functionalities
❑ Write – Set the status of a GPIO pin
HAL_GPIO_WritePin(GPIO_TypeDef* GPIOx, uint16_t GPIO_Pin, GPIO_PinState PinState)
HAL_GPIO_WritePin(Port Number, Pin Number, Pin State)
❑ GPIO – General Purpose Input Output
❑ GPIO_TypeDef*, uint16_t & GPIO_PinState are data types
❑ GPIOx – Port Number
❑ GPIO_Pin – Pin Number
❑ PinState – State of GPIO pin
❑ PinState; GPIO_PIN_RESET (0), GPIO_PIN_SET (1)
❑ Sample application: Turn LED on or off
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GPIO: Basic Functionalities
❑ Toggle (Blink) – Change the status of a GPIO pin
HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(GPIO_TypeDef* GPIOx, uint16_t GPIO_Pin)
HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(Port Number, Pin Number)
❑ Sample application: Blink LED (Turn LED on & off)
8
Task: Trainees
❑ Blink the BLUE_LED for five times every
second and then turn on the RED_LED for
five seconds.
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GPIO: Basic Functionalities
❑Read – Get the status of a GPIO pin
HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(GPIO_TypeDef* GPIOx, uint16_t GPIO_Pin)
HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(Port Number, Pin Number)
❑ Sample application: Read input from Tactile switch on Sipi education kit
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GPIO: Basic Functionalities
External Interrupt – Rising, Falling, Rising or Falling
❑ Rising – Rise in Voltage
❑ Falling – Fall in Voltage
❑ Rising or Falling – Rise or Fall in Voltage
void HAL_GPIO_EXTI_Callback(uint16_t GPIO_Pin)
void HAL_GPIO_EXTI_Callback(Pin Number)
Sample application:
❑ Programming almost all sensors,
❑ Using sipi tactile switches to perform a certain task e.g. blink
11
an BLUE_LED
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