UGC NET Paper 1 – Communication (Advanced
Complete Notes)
This PDF includes advanced-level notes and topics that cover all key areas of Communication as
per UGC NET Paper 1, including theories, models, 7Cs, classroom communication, ICT, and mass
communication concepts.
1. Meaning and Nature of Communication
• Process of exchanging ideas, facts, emotions, and information to create mutual understanding.
• Elements: Sender, Message, Channel, Receiver, Feedback, Noise, Context.
• Key traits: continuous, symbolic, two-way, goal-oriented.
2. Functions of Communication
• Informative – Sharing knowledge or information.
• Expressive – Sharing emotions and feelings.
• Directive – Giving instructions or guidance.
• Influential/Persuasive – Changing opinions or behavior.
• Integrative – Promoting unity and cooperation.
3. Types and Levels of Communication
• By Channel: Verbal, Non-verbal, Written, Visual.
• By Direction: Upward, Downward, Horizontal, Diagonal.
• By Formality: Formal and Informal.
• Levels: Intrapersonal, Interpersonal, Group, Mass, Organizational.
4. Models of Communication
• Aristotle’s Model – Speaker → Speech → Audience.
• Lasswell’s Model – Who says What to Whom in Which Channel with What Effect.
• Shannon-Weaver Model – Includes source, transmitter, noise, receiver, destination.
• Schramm Model – Feedback and field of experience.
• Osgood-Schramm Model – Continuous, circular feedback process.
• Dance’s Helix Model – Communication evolves continuously.
• Berlo’s SMCR Model – Source, Message, Channel, Receiver factors.
5. Barriers to Communication
• Physical – Noise, distance, poor network.
• Psychological – Fear, emotions, lack of attention.
• Semantic – Misinterpretation of words or symbols.
• Organizational – Hierarchical restrictions, poor policies.
• Cultural – Language and value differences.
• Remedies – Clear language, empathy, active listening, feedback.
6. 7 Cs of Effective Communication
• Clarity, Conciseness, Concreteness, Correctness, Consideration, Completeness, Courtesy.
7. Theories of Mass Communication
• Hypodermic Needle Theory – Media directly influences passive audience.
• Two-Step Flow Theory – Media → Opinion Leaders → Public.
• Agenda-Setting Theory – Media shapes what people think about.
• Cultivation Theory – Media shapes perception of reality.
• Uses and Gratification Theory – Audience chooses media for needs.
• Spiral of Silence – People remain silent if their opinion is minority.
• Diffusion of Innovations – How new ideas spread across society.
8. Mass Media and ICT
• Mass Media: TV, Radio, Newspaper, Internet.
• Functions: Inform, Educate, Entertain, Persuade.
• ICT Tools: SWAYAM, MOOCs, NPTEL, Smartboards, LMS.
• Advantages: Accessibility, interactivity, real-time feedback.
• Limitations: Digital divide, misinformation, distraction.
9. Classroom Communication
• Teacher-centered vs Learner-centered approaches.
• Barriers: Lack of clarity, student disinterest, poor feedback.
• Improvement: Clear objectives, open feedback, visual aids.
• Teacher as communicator: clear, empathetic, confident, approachable.
10. Non-Verbal Communication
• Kinesics (body language), Proxemics (space), Paralanguage (tone), Chronemics (time),
Haptics (touch), Appearance (dress).
11. Effective Communication in Organizations
• Open-door policy, feedback systems, clarity in channels, teamwork, active listening.
12. Advanced & New-Age Topics
• Digital Literacy, Media Ethics, Communication Competence.
• Social Media’s role in shaping mass communication.
• ICT in education: NMEICT, NKN, SWAYAM, AR/VR learning tools.
