CanSTEM Education Private School Inc.

2-4-2-4-MCV4U Grade 12 Unit 2-Chapter-4-L-2- Solved

Examples A as L

Name: ___________________ Date: _______ Teacher: Sajjala P Sankhe Obs/Con

Learning Goals :Student will

 Describe key features of a given graph of a function

 Sketch by hand , the graph of the derivative of a given graph
Success Criteria: i am able to
 -determine the critical points of a function and check whether it has a local maximum or minimum or
neither at the critical points
 Connect the first derivative test to local extrema of a polynomial function
 Graph the derivative given the graph of a polynomial function

1. Find the first, second, and third derivatives for the function: f (x) = x4 – x3 [K/U 3 marks]

f' (x) = 4x3 – 3x2

Solution

f'' (x) = 12x2 – 6x

f''' (x) = 24x – 6

2. Find the local extrema points for f (x) = 3x4 – 4x3. Show your work. [K/U 4
marks]

Solution

f '(x) = 12x3 – 12x2 = 12x2 (x – 1)

f '(x) = 0 ⇒12x2 (x – 1) = 0 ⇒ x = 0 or x = 1

(1, ∞)
f '(x)
x (–∞, 0) 0 (0, 1) 1

↘ ↘ ↗
– 0 – 0 +
f (x) 0 –1
∴ (1, -1) is a local minimum point.
min

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3. Find the global extrema for f (x) = x3 ln x over [0.5, 2]. Show your work. [K/U 4
marks]

f '(x) = (x3)' ln x + x3 (ln x)' = 3x2 ln x + x3 ∙ x

Solution
1

f '(x) = 0 ⇒ 3 ln x + 1 = 0 ⇒ ln x = – 3 ⇒ x = e 3
= 3x2 ln x + x2 = x2 (3 ln x + 1)
1 −1

≈ – 0.123
−1 −1 1
f (e 3 ) = e−1ln e 3 = –
f (0.5) = 0.125 ln 0.5 ≈ – 0.087
3e

f (2) = 8 ln 2 ≈ 5.55
∴ (2, 5.55) is the global maximum point
(e 3 , – 3 e ) ≈ (0.717, – 0.123) is the gloal minimum point.
−1 1

4. Use the first derivative test to find the minimum and maximum points for the
curve f (x) = x3 + 3x2 – 2. [3 marks]
Solution
f '(x) = 3x2 + 6x = 3x(x + 2)
Critical points: f '(x) = 0 ⇒ 3x(x + 2) = 0
3x = 0 or x + 2 = 0
x = 0 or x = –2
f (0) = 03 + 3(02) – 2 = –2
f (–2) = (–2) 3 + 3(–2) 2 – 2 = 2
(0, ∞)
f '(x)
x (–∞,–2) –2 (–2, 0) 0

↗ ↘ ↗
+ 0 – 0 +
f (x) 2 –2
max min

∴ (–2, 2) is a local maximum point

(0, 2) is a local minimum point

5. Corn silos are usually in the shape of a cylinder surrounded by a hemisphere. If

the volume of a silo is 1000 m 3, what dimensions of the silo would use the
minimum amount of materials? [4 marks]
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Solution
Let r m be the radius and h m be the height of the

V = 𝜋r2h + 3 𝜋r3 ⇒ 1000 = 𝜋r2h + 3 𝜋r3

cylinder, then the volume of the silo would be
2 2

𝜋r2h = 1000 – 3 𝜋r3

2

1000 2
h= – 3r
h≥0⇒ – 3 r ≥ 0 ⇒r 3 ≤ ⇒r≤
2
πr

√
1000 2 1500 3 1500

Thus, we get: 0< r ≤

2
πr π π

√
3 1500
π
≈ 7.8 m

The surface area of the silo equals

A = 2𝜋rh + 3𝜋r2 = 2𝜋r ( 1000 3 )
2
– r + 3𝜋r 2

– 3 𝜋r2+ 3𝜋r2
2
πr
2000 4
=
+ 3 𝜋r2
r
2000 5
= r
Determine the value of r, 0 < r ≤ 3 1500
√
, which minimize the surface area.
+ 3 𝜋r2 ⇒ A' (t) = – r 2 + 3 𝜋r
π
2000
5 2000 10
A (r) =
A' (r) = 0 ⇒ – r 2 + 3 𝜋r = 0 ⇒ r 3 = π ⇒ r
r

√
2000 10 600 3 600
= ≈ 5.76 m
A' (1) = – 2000 + 3 𝜋 < 0,
π
10

A' (8) = – 64 + 3 𝜋 = – 16 + 3 𝜋 > 0

2000 80 125 80

r
√ √0 5.76 < r ≤ √
600 600 1500

A' (r)
3 3 3
0< r< π π π

↘ ↗
– +
A (r) min

√ 3 600 1000 2
If r = ≈ 5.76 m, then h = – 3 r ≈ 5.76 m
∴ The dimensions of the silo that minimize the amount of materials are r ≈ 5.76 m
2
π πr

and h ≈ 5.76 m.

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6. Find the intervals of increase and decrease and the local minimum and maximum
points for f (x) = x3 – 3x. [K/U 3 marks]
Solution
f '(x) = 3x2 – 3 = 3(x2 – 1) = 3(x – 1)(x + 1)
Critical points: f '(x) = 0 ⇒ 3(x – 1)(x + 1) = 0 ⇒ x = –1 or x = 1
f (–1) = (–1)3 – 3(–1) = 2,
f (1) = (1)3 – 3(1) = –2,
x (–∞, – 1) – 1 (– 1, 1) 1 (1, ∞)

'(x)
f + 0 – 0 +

f (x) ↗ 2 ↘ –2 ↗
max min
∴ f (x) is increasing on (–∞, –1) and (1, ∞)
f (x) is decreasing on ( –1, 1)
f (x) has a local minimum at (1, –2)
f (x) has a local maximum at (–1, 2)

2x
7. Find the local minimum and maximum points for f (x) = – 2
x +3
[K/U 4 marks]
Solution
f '(x) = –
( 2 x )' ( x 2 +3 ) −2 x(x 2 +3)' 2 ( x 2 +3 ) −2 x (2 x ) 2
2 x −6
= – =
Critical points: f '(x) = 0 ⇒ 2x2 – 6 = 0 ⇒ x2 = 3 ⇒ x = ± √ 3
2 2 2 2 2 2
( x +3) (x +3) ( x +3)

2(– √3)
= √3
3
f (–√ 3) = – (– 2
√3) +3
2( √ 3)
= – √3
3
f (√ 3) = – ( 2
√ 3) + 3

x (–∞, – √ 3) – √3 (–√ 3, √ 3) √3 (√ 3, ∞)

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'(x)
f + 0 – 0 +

f (x) ↗ √3 ↘ – √3
3 ↗
3

∴ f (x) is increasing on (–∞, –√ 3) and (√ 3, ∞)

max min

f (x) is decreasing on ( –√ 3, √ 3)
f (x) has a local minimum at (√ 3, – √3 )
3

f (x) has a local maximum at (–√ 3, √3 )

3

8. Find the global minimum and maximum points for f (x) = 3x2 – 2x3 over the
interval [0, 2]. [K/U 4 marks]

f '(x) = 6x – 6x2 = 6x (1 – x)
Solution

Critical points: f '(x) = 0 ⇒ 6x (1 – x) = 0 ⇒ x = 0 or x = 1

f (0) = 0, f (1) = 1, f (2) = – 4
∴ The global minimum point is (2, – 4)
The global maximum point is (1, 1)
9. Use the second derivative test to find the minimum and maximum points for the
curve f (x) = 4x3 + 3x2 – 36x + 1.

f '(x) = 12x2 + 6x – 36 = 6(2x2 + x – 6)

Solution

Critical points: f '(x) = 0 ⇒ 2x2 + x – 6 = 0

(2x – 3)(x + 2) = 0
2x – 3 = 0 or x + 2 = 0
x = 1.5 or x = –2
f (1.5) = 4(1.5) 3 + 3(1.5) 2 – 36(1.5) + 1 = –32.75
f (–2) = 4(–2) 3 + 3(–2) 2 – 36(–2) + 1 = 53
f ''(x) = 24x + 6
f ''(1.5) = 24(1.5) + 6 = 42 > 0 ∴ (1.5, –32.75) is a local minimum point
f ''(–2) = 24(–2) + 6 = – 42 < 0 ∴ (–2, 53) is a local maximum point

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10. A function y = f (x) is defined by the following graph. [C 5 marks]

a) State the intevals of increase and decrease. [1]

Answer:
f (x) is increasing on (–1, 1)
f (x) is decreasing on (–∞, –1) and (1, ∞).

b) State minimum amd maximum points. [0.5]

Answer:
(–1, –2) is a local minimum point
(1, 2) is a local maximum point

11. Sketch the graph of f (x) = (x2 + 1) (x2 – 4) [A 13 marks]

a) State the domain of f (x). [0.5]
Answer: Df = ℝ
b) State the zeroes of f (x). [1]
Answer:
f (x) = 0 ⇒ x2 – 4 = 9 ⇒ x = ±2.
c) Sign chart for f (x) [1]
Answer:
x (– ∞, –2) –2 (–2, 2) 2 (2, ∞)

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f (x) + 0 – 0 +

d) Sign chart for f '(x) [1]

Answer:
x √6
– √2 (– √2 , 0) 0 (0, √2 ) √6
( √2 , ∞)
6 6 6 6
(–∞,– )
f '(x)
2 2
– 0 + 0 – 0 +
f (x) ↘ –
25 ↗ –4 ↘ –
25 ↗
4 4

min max min

e) Local extrema [1]

Answer:
Local minimum at (± √26 ,− 254 )
Local maximum at (0, – 4)

12 . Determine the maximum and minimum of each function on the given

a) f (x) = x3 – 12x + 2, –5 ≤ x ≤ 3.
interval.

Solution

The critical numbers: f '(x) = 0 ⇒ 3(x – 2)(x + 2) = 0

f '(x) = 3x2 – 12 = 3(x2 – 4) = 3(x – 2)(x + 2)

x = – 2 ∈ [–5, 3] or x = – 2 ∈ [–5, 3]
f (–5) = (–5)3 – 12(–5) + 2 = – 63
f (–2) = (–2)3 – 12(–2) + 2 = 18
f (2) = (2)3 – 12(2) + 2 = –14

∴ max f (x) = f (–2) = 18 and min f (x) = f (–5) = – 63

f (3) = (3)3 – 12(3) + 2 = –7
– 5 ≤ x≤ 3 – 5 ≤ x≤ 3

b) f (x) = x + x , x ∈ [1, 6]
9

Domain f (x) = {x ∈ ℝ, x ≠ 0} ∴ f (x) is defined for all x ∈ [1, 6].

Solution

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9 2
x −9 ( x−3 ) (x +3)

The critical numbers: f '(x) = 0 ⇒ x = –3∉ [1, 6] or x = 3∈ [1, 6].

f '(x) = 1 – x
2 = x
2 = x
2

9 9 9

∴ max f (x) = f (1) = 10 and min f (x) = f (3) = 6

f (1) = 1 + 1 = 10, f (3) = 3 + 3 = 6, f (6) = 6 + 6 = 7.5
1 ≤ x≤ 6 1 ≤ x≤ 6

13. After a football is punted, its height h, in metres above the ground at t
seconds, can be modelled by h (t) = – 4.9t2 + 21t + 0.45, t ≥ 0. When does
the football reach its maximum height? What is the football’s maximum
height?

h' (t) = – 9.8t + 21

Solution

h' (t) = 0 ⇒ – 9.8t + 21 = 0 ⇒ t ≈ 2.14 s

h (2.14) = – 4.9(2.14) 2 + 21(2.14) + 0.45 ≈ 22.95 m
t 0≤t< 2.14 t > 2.14

h' (t)
2.14

↗ ↘
+ 0 –
h (t) 22.95
max
The football reaches its maximum height of 22.95 m in 2.14 s.

14. A man purchased 2000 m of used wire fencing at an auction. He and

his wife want to use the fencing to create three adjacent rectangular
paddocks. Find the dimensions of the paddocks so that the fence encloses
the largest possible area.
Solution

ym ym ym y
m
xm xm xm

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Let x m be the length of each paddock and y m be its height. Then the

3x + 4y = 2000 ⇒ y = 4 (2000 – 3x), where 0 ≤ x ≤ 3

length of the fencing would be 3x + 4y m. We get:
1 1000

The area of the auction equals:

3 3
A = 3xy = 4 x (2000 – 3x) = 4 (2000x – 3x2)
3 3
A'(x) = (2000 – 6x) = 2 (1000 – 3x).
A'(x) = 0 ⇒ x =
4
1000
3

A(0) = A(2000/3) = 0, A(1000/3) =

3
( 1000
3 )(2000 – 1000) = 250 000 m
2

∴
4
max
0≤ x ≤
2000
3
A(x) = A (1000/3) = 62500 m2
1
y= 4 (2000 – 3x) = 250 m.
1000
The dimensions of the paddocks are 3 m and 250 m.
15. The landlord of 50-unit apartment building is planning to increase the
rent. Currently, residents pay $800 per month, and all the units are
occupied. A real estate agency advises that every $100 increase in rent
will result in 5 vacant units. What rent should the landlord charge to
maximize revenue?
Solution
Let x be the number of times the rent was increased by $100. Then the
new rent would be $(800 + 100x), the number of occupied units would be
50 – 5x, and the new revenue would be $(800 + 100x)(50 – 5x).
Thus,
R = (800 + 100x) (50 – 5x)
= 500 (8 + x) (10 – x)
= 500 (–x2 + 2x + 80)

R' = 1000 (–2x + 2) = 2000 (–x + 1)

We get:

R' = 0 ⇒ x = 1
R (1) = 40 500, 800 + 100x = 900.

X 0≤x<1 1 x>1

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R'
↗ ↘
+
0 –
R 40
500
max
To maximize revenue, the landlord should charge $900.

16. The concentration, C, in milligrams per liter, of a tracer chemical in the bloodstream t hours after its injection, is given

C (t) =e−t –e−5 t , t ≥ 0

by the formula
[6, 6, 1, 3]
a) Determine the maximum concentration of the chemical. When does
this occur?

C' (t) = – e−t + 5e−5 t

Solution

C' (t) = 0 ⇒ – e−t + 5e−5 t = 0. Multiply by e5t.

–e4t + 5 = 0
e4t = 5

t = 0.25 ln 5 ≈ 0.402
4t = ln 5

−0.25 −1.25
C (0.25 ln 5) =e−0.25 ln 5–e−1.25 ln 5= ( e ln 5 ) –( e ln 5 )

≈ 0.535
4
= 5–0.25 –5–1.25 = 5–0.25 (1 – 5–1) =
5 √5
4

0 ≤ t < 0.25 ln 5
C' (t)
t 0.25 ln 5≈ 0.402 t > 0.25 ln 5

↗ ↘
+ 0 –

≈ 0.535
C (t) 4
5 √5
4

max
The maximum concentration of the chemical is about 0.535. It occurs in about 0.402 h.

b) Determine the coordinates of any points of inflection for C (t).

C'' (t) = e−t – 25e−5 t
Solution

C'' (t) = 0 ⇒ e−t – 25e−5 t = 0 Multiply by e5t.

e4t – 25 = 0
e4t = 25
4t = ln 52

t = 0.5 ln 5 ≈ 0.805
4t = 2 ln 5

−0.5 −2.5
C (0.5 ln 5) =e−0.5 ln5 –e−2.5 ln 5 = ( e ln 5 ) –( e ln 5 )

≈ 0.429
24
= 5–0.5 –5–2.5 = 5–0.5 (1 – 5–2) =
25 √ 5

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0 ≤ t < 0.5 ln 5 0.5 ln 5 ≈ 0.805
C' (t)
t t > 0.5 ln 5

∩ ∪
– 0 +

≈ 0.429
C (t) 24
25 √ 5
∴ (0.805, 0.429) is an inflection point.

c) Determine lim ¿ C (t).

t→∞
Solution
lim ¿ C (t) =lim ¿ (e−t –e−5 t ) = 0 – 0 = 0
t→∞ t→∞

d) Sketch a graph of C (t).

Solution

Application [18 marks]

17. For the function defined by f (x) = x2 e –2x, find, if any, the following: [9 marks]
a) the domain and intercepts;

Domain = ℝ
Answer

The x- and y-intercept: (0, 0)

b) the equations of all asymptotes;

Answer
HA: y = 0
2
x +¿ ¿
lim 2x = 0
x→ ∞ e

c) the maximum(s) or minimum(s) points;

Solution

f '(x) = (x2)' e –2x + x2 (e –2x)'

f (x) = x2 e –2x

= 2x e –2x – 2x2 e –2x

= 2x (1 – x) e –2x

f '(x) = 0 ⇒ 2x (1 – x) e –2x = 0 ⇒ x = 0 or x = 1
Critical points:

f '(x)
x x<0 0 0<x<1 1 x>1

↘ ↗ ↘
– 0 + 0 –
f (x) 0 e –2
min max

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Local minimum at (0, 0)
Local maximum at (1, e –2)

d) the inflection point(s).

f '(x) = (2x – 2x2) e –2x

Solution

f ''(x) = (2x – 2x2)' e –2x + (2x – 2x2) (e –2x)'

= (2 – 4x) e –2x – 2(2x – 2x2) (e –2x)
= 2(2x2 – 4x + 1) e –2x
f ''(x) = 0 ⇒ 2x2 – 4x + 1 = 0 ⇒ x =
2± √ 2
2
⇒ x1 = ≈ 0.293 or x1 = ≈ 1.707
2−√ 2 2+ √ 2

f (0.293) = (0.293)2 e –2(0.293) ≈ 0.048

2 2

f (1.707) = (1.707)2 e –2(1.707) ≈ 0.096

0.29 < x < 1.71 1.71 x > 1.71

f ''(x)
x x < 0.29 0.29

∪ ∩ ∪
+ 0 – 0 +
f (x) 0.048 0.096
IP IP
The inflection points are (0.29, 0.048) and (1.71, 0.096)

e) Provide a well-labeled sketch.

2
18. Find the local extrema for f (x) = lnxx . Use the second derivative test to decide if
the extremum is a minimum or maximum. [4 marks]
Solution
2
2x
∙ x −ln x 2−ln x
2

f ' (x) = x2 = x
2
2
x

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f ' (x) = 0 ⇒ ln x2 = 2 ⇒ x2 = e2 ⇒ x = ±e
−2 x 2
∙ x −2 x ( 2−ln x )
2
−2 x−2 x ( 2−ln x 2 )
f '' (x) = x 2
= 4
4 x
x
2 x ( ln x 2−3 ) 2 ( ln x2−3 )
= 4 = 3
x x
2
ln ( – e) 2
x = –e, f (–e) = – e = – e
2 ( ln (– e)2−3 ) 2 (−1 ) 2
f '' (–e) = = (– e)3 = e3 > 0

∴ – e , – e is a local minimum point

3
(– e )

( 2
)
2
ln ( e) 2
x = e, f (e) = e = e
2 ( ln (e)2−3 ) 2 (−1 ) 2
f '' (e) = = e 3 = – e3 < 0

∴ e , e is a local maximum point

3
(e)

( )2

19. Find the global (absolute) extrema for f (x) = ln x , x ∈ [2, 3]. [4 marks]
x

Solution

f '(x) =
1
( x )' ln x – x ( ln x )' ln x – x ∙ ln x – 1
= x = ( ln x )2

f '(x) = 0 ⇒ ln x – 1 = 0 ⇒ ln x = 1 ⇒ x = e ∈ [2, 3].

'
( ln x ) ( ln x )2

f (2) = ln 2 ≈ 2.87
2

f (e) = e ≈ 2.72
f (3) = ln 3 ≈ 2.73
3

∴ min
x∈[2 ,3 ]
max
f (x) = f (e) = e, x∈[2 ,3 ] f (x) = f (2) ≈ 2.87

h) Find the minimum and the maximum value of the function s (t). [4 marks]

v(t) = 0 ⇒ 2cos t + 2sin 2t = 0

Solution

cos t + sin 2t = 0
cos t + 2sin t cos t = 0
cos t (1 + 2 sin t) = 0
cos t = 0 or sin t = –0.5

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1) cos t = 0 ⇒ t =
π 3π
+ 2πn or t = + 2πn, n = 0, 1, 2, 3, ...
+ 2πn ⇒ s (t) = 2sin
2 2

t=
π
2 ( π2 +2 πn)– cos ( π +4 πn )
=2+1=3
t=
3π
2 + 2πn⇒ s (t) = 2sin ( 32π +2 πn)– cos ( 3 π +4 πn)
2) sin t = –0.5 ⇒ t = 6 + 2πn or t = 6 + 2πn, n = 0, 1, 2, 3, ...
= –2 + 1 = –1
7π 11π

s (t) = 2sin t – cos 2t = 2sin t – (1 – 2 sin2 t)

= 2 sin2 t + 2sin t – 1
= 2 (–0.5)2 + 2(–0.5) – 1
= 0.5 – 1 – 1

∴ t ≥0 s (t) = – 1.5 and max

= – 1.5
min
t ≥ 0 s (t) = 3

ln x
20. Find the local extrema for f (x) = x
2 . [A 4 marks]

Domain = {x ∈ ℝ | x > 0}
Solution

f '(x) =
' 1 2
( ln x )' x 2−ln x ∙ ( x 2 ) ∙ x −2 x ln x x−2 x ln x 1−2 ln x
4 = x = x
4 = x
3
x 4

f '(x) = 0 ⇒ 1 – 2 ln x = 0 ⇒ ln x = 0.5 ⇒ x = e0.5 = √ e

x

0.5
0.5
ln e 1
f (e ) = e = 2e

f '(x)
x 0 < x < √e √e x > √e

↗ ↘
+ 0 –
f (x) 1
2e
max
∴ √ e , 2 e is a local maximum point
( )
1

21. Find the global extrema for f (x) = 2 – sin x over [0, π]. [A 4 marks]
x

f '(x) = 0.5 – cos x

Solution

f '(x) = 0 ⇒ cos x = 0.5 ⇒ x = 3 ∈ [0, π].

π

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≈ 1.57
f (0) = 0,
π π
f (π) = 2 – sin π =

( π3 )= π6 – √23 ≈ – 0.34
2

f (π/3) = 6 – sin
π

∴ (π, π/2) is a global maximum point

( π3 , π6 – √23 )is a global minimum point

22. An irrigation channel is constructed by bending a sheet of metal that is 3 m

wide, as shown in the diagram. What angle will maximize the cross-sectional area
(and thus the capacity) of the channel? [A 9 marks]

h = sin θ
Solution

a = 1, b = 1 + 2 cos θ
A = 2 ∙ h = (1 + cos θ) sin θ
a+b

∴ A (θ) = (1 + cos θ) sin θ, 0 ≤ θ ≤ π/2

A' (θ) = (1 + cos θ)' sin θ + (1 + cos θ) (sin θ)'
= –sin2 θ + (1 + cos θ) (cos θ)
= cos2 θ – 1 + cos θ + cos2 θ
= 2cos2 θ + cos θ – 1
A' (θ) = 0 ⇒ 2cos2 θ + cos θ – 1 = 0
(cos θ + 1)(2cos θ – 1) = 0
cos θ = –1 or cos θ = 0.5
0 ≤ θ ≤ /2 ⇒ cos θ ≥ 0 ⇒ cos θ = 0.5 ⇒ θ = π/3
π

A (0) = 0,
A (π/2) = 1,
A (π/3) = (1 + cos π/3) sin π/3 = = ≈ 1.30
3 √3 3 √3
∙

∴ A (θ) = A (π/3) =
2 2 4
max 3 √3
0 ≤θ ≤ π / 2 4

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23. Determine the absolute extreme values of f (x) = sin2 x, where x ∈ [0, π].

f' (x) = 2 sin x cos x

Solution

f' (x) = 0 ⇒ sin x = 0 or cos x = 0

sin x = 0 and x ∈ [0, π] ⇒ x = 0 or x = π
cos x = 0 and x ∈ [0, π] ⇒ x = π/2
f (0) = sin2 0 = 0
f (π/2) = sin2 (π/2) = 1
f (π) = sin2 π = 0
min f (x) = f (0) = f (π) = 0, max f (π/2) = 1
∴ x∈[0 ,π] x∈[0 , π ]

Answer: absolute max: 1, absolute min: 0

24. Calculate the slope of the tangent line that passes through y = 5x, where x = 2. Express your answer to two decimal
places.

y' = 5x ln 5
Answer

m = y' (2) = 52 ln 5 ≈ 40.24

25. Determine all the maximum and minimum values of y = xex + 3ex.

y' = ex + xex + 3ex = xex + 4ex = (x + 4) ex

Answer

y' = 0 ⇒ x + 4 = 0 ⇒ x = – 4, y (– 4) = – 4e-4 + 3e-4 = – e-4

y'
X x < –4 –4 x > –4

↘ ↗
– 0 +
Y – e-4

∴ minimum (–4, – e-4), no maximum

min

c) Determine all local maximum and minimum values of f (x) on the given interval.
Solution
5π 5π 5π
f (– /6) = 2 cos (– /6) – sin (– /3)
5π
/6) + sin (5π/3)
= 2 cos (π – /6) + sin (2π – /3)
= 2 cos (
π π

π π
= –2 cos ( /6) – sin ( /3)

∙ √ –√ ≈ – 2.6
3 √3
3 3
= –2 =–
2 2 2
∴ local minimum at – ( )
5 π 3 √3
,–
6 2
π π π
f (– /6) = 2 cos (– /6) – sin (– /3)
π π
= 2 cos ( /6) + sin ( /3)

∙ √ +√ ≈ 2.6
3 √3
3 3
=2 =
2 2 2
∴ local maximum at – , ( )
π 3 √3
6 2

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26. An isosceles triangle is inscribed in a circle of radius R. Find the value of 𝛳 that maximizes the area of the triangle.

From △ABC, by the Sine Law determine BC:

Solution

= 2R ⇒ BC = 2R sin 2𝛳
BC
sin ∠ A
1
MC = BC = R sin 2𝛳
From △AMC, determine AM:
2

cot ∠ CAM = ⇒ cot 𝛳 =

AM AM

⇒ AM = R sin 2𝛳 cot 𝛳
MC MC

Area (△ABC) = BC ∙ AM = R2 sin2 2𝛳 cot 𝛳 = 4R2 sin 𝛳 cos3 𝛳.

1

Determine the value of 𝛳 that maximizes the area of the triangle.

2

A (𝛳) = 4R2 sin 𝛳 cos3 𝛳, 0° < 𝛳 < 90°

A' (𝛳) = 4R2 (cos 𝛳 cos3 𝛳 – 3sin2 𝛳 cos2 𝛳)

= 4R2 cos2 𝛳 (cos2 𝛳 – 3sin2 𝛳)
A' (𝛳) = 0, 0° < 𝛳 < 90° ⇒ cos2 𝛳 – 3sin2 𝛳 = 0
⇒ tan2 𝛳 =
1
3
⇒ tan 𝛳 =
1

0° < 𝛳 < 90° ⇒ 𝛳 = 30°

√3

𝛳 0° < 𝛳 < 30° 30° 30° < 𝛳 < 90°

A' (𝛳) + 0 –
A (𝛳) ↗ max ↘
∴ the value of 𝛳 that maximizes the area of the triangle is 𝛳 =
π
.
6

Answer: 𝛳 =
π
6
27. For what values of m does the function y = A emt satisfy the following equation?
2
d y dy
2 + – 6y = 0
dx dx
Solution
2
dy d y
= Am emt, 2 = Am e
2 mt
dx dx
2
d y dy
2 + – 6y = Am2 emt + Am emt – 6A emt = Aemt (m2 + m – 6) = 0

∴ m2 + m – 6 = 0 ⇒ m = –3 or m = 2
dx dx

Answer: m = –3 or m = 2

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Property of CanSTEM Education Private School Inc. 2017--2018