Title : Experiment 2 : Determining The Heat Of Reaction
Objectives : To determine the heat capacity of calorimeter.
To determine the heat of neutralisation of HCl and
NaOH.
Introduction :
Heat released or absorbed during chemical reactions can be
measured by using a calorimeter. A calorimeter is a container
that is thermally isolated from the environment. Heat
released by the chemical reaction, −q is absorbed by the
solution and the calorimeter.
−qrxn = qs + qc …... (1)
Where:
qs = heat absorbed by solution
qc = heat absorbed by calorimeter
The heat absorbed by a calorimeter is proportional to the
change in temperature. The proportionality constant, C, is
known as the heat capacity of a calorimeter. Heat capacity is
defined as the amount of heat required to increase the
temperature of the calorimeter by 1°C.
qc = C∆T …... (2)
For a solution, the heat absorbed is proportional to the mass
of the solution and the change in temperature. The constant,
c, is known as the specific heat capacity of solution per unit
mass. The specific heat capacity of a very dilute solution is
equivalent to the specific heat capacity of pure water, 4.18 J
g−1 °C−1. The mass of the solution can be calculated by
assuming the density of the solution is the same as the
density of water.
Qs = ms cs∆T …... (3)
Heat released can be determined by measuring the
temperature before and after the reaction:
−qrxn = CΔT + mscsΔT …... (4)
where
∆T = final temperature of system – initial temperature of
system
ms = mass of solution
Cc = heat capacity of calorimeter
cs = specific heat capacity of solution
Apparatus :
50 mL beaker , 100 mL beaker , Thermometer ,25 mL pipette
, Calorimeter
Chemical :
Reagents 1.0 M HCl , 1.0 M NaOH.
2.0
Procedures :
Determination of the heat capacity of the calorimeter.
1. A simple calorimeter is set up.
2. The temperature T1 of an empty container is
measured.
3. Approximately 50 mL of hot water is measured from
the water bath ( temperature between 50-60 degree
Celcius) using 100 mL beaker.
4. The water is transferred into the same beaker in the
calorimeter in Step [Link] lid is closed immediately and
the initial temperature of the hot water , T2 is
measured.
5. The decrease in temperature is observed immediately
every 10 seconds for 2 [Link] temperature that
remains constant , T3 is recorded.
6. The heat capacity of the calorimeter is determined.
Determination of the heat of neutralisation of 1.0M HCl
and 1.0M NaOH.
1. 25 mL of 1.0M NaOH solution is pipetted into 100 mL
[Link] same beaker containing NaOH solution is
put into the calorimeter and the lid is closed.
2. The initial temperature of NaOH solution is recorded
using the thermometer that attach to the calorimeter.
3. 25 mL of 1.0M HCl sloution is pipetted into another 50
mL [Link] initial temperature of HCl solution is
recorded using another thermometer given.
4. The lid is lifted sightly and the HCl solution is poured
quickly into the beaker in the container without
removing the thermometer that attach to the
calorimeter.
5. The lid of the calorimeteris closed quickly.
6. The solution is stirred quickly and the maximum
temperature reached after 3 minutes is recorded.
7. The heat of neutralisation is calculated.
Results & :
Observation
Calculation
Conclusion :
1. The heat capacity of the calorimeter is 22.72 J g-1
o -1
C .
2. The heat of neutralisation is – 50.98 kJ mol-1.
EXPERIMENT 2:
DETERMINING THE HEAT OF
REACTION
NAME: DARREN MARCASTELLO ANAK
BENJAMIN ROADY NOSING
CLASS: H22
MATRIC NUMBER: MS2415114004
