Kamala Niketan Montessori
School CBSE
Session : 2025 ~ 2026
PHYSICS PROJECT
TOPIC : SELF DESIGNED TRANSFORMER
Done By : Raghav.a
INDEX
AIM
INTRODUCTION
MATERIALS REQUIRED
WORKING
PROCEDURE
ENERGY LOSS
CONCLUSION
BIBLIOGRAPHY
AIM
To investigate the relation between:
i) Output and input voltage
ii) Number of turns in the secondary coil and primary coil of a self
designed transformer
INTRODUCTION
A transformer is an electrical device which is used for
changing the A.C. voltages. A transformer is most widely
used device in both low and high current circuit. As such
transformers are built in an amazing strength of sizes. In
electronic, measurement and control circuits, transformer
size may be so small that it weight only a few tens of grams
where as in high voltage power circuits, it may weight
hundred of tones.
In a transformer, the electrical energy transfer from one
circuit to another circuit takes place without the use of
moving parts. A transformer which increases the voltages is
called a step-up transformer. A transformer which decreases
the A.C. voltages is called a step-down transformer.
Transformer is, therefore, an essential piece of apparatus
both for high and low current circuits.
MATERIALS REQUIRED
• Iron rod
• Copper wire
• Voltmetre
• Ammetre
WORKING
A Transformer based on the Principle of mutual induction
according to this principle, the amount of magnetic flux linked
with a coil changing, an e.m.f is induced in the neighbouring coil
that is if a varying current is set-up in a circuit induced e.m.f. is
produced in the neighboring circuit. The varying current in a
circuit produce varying magnetic flux which induces e.m.f. in the
neighboring circuit.
The transformer consists of two coils. They are insulated with each
other by insulated material and wound on acommon core. For
operation at low frequency, we may have asoft iron. The soft iron
core is insulating by joining thin ironstrips coated with varnish to
insulate them to reduce energy losses by eddy currents.The input
circuit is called primary. And the output circuit is called secondary.
PROCEDURE
i) Demonstrating the principle of transformer by
winding primary and secondary coil on a steel rod
1. Take a soft iron rod of cm and cm diameter. Wrap
thick paper on it.
2. Wind a coil P of enameled copper wire 200 turns.
3. Wind another coil S of thick enameled copper wire
with 400 turns.
4. Both coils are wound over same length of the rod,
so that almost the entire flux produced by current in
one is linked to the other.
5. Connect the coil S with an AC voltmeter. Connect
an identical voltmeter across P also.
6. Switch on the current in P and note voltage across
the two coils
7. Find the ratio Vp to Vs
ENERGY LOSS
1. Copper loss:
It is the energy loss in the form of heat in the copper coils of
a transformer. This is due to joule heating of conducting
wires.
2. Iron loss:
It is the energy loss in the form of heat in the iron core of the
transformer. This is due to formation of eddy currents in
iron core. It is minimized by taking laminated cores.
3. Leakage of magnetic flux:
It occurs inspite of best insulations. Therefore, rate of
change of magnetic flux linked with each turn of S1S2 is less
than the rate of change of magnetic flux linked with each
turn of P1P2.
4. Hysteretic loss:
It is the loss of energy due to repeated magnetization and
demagnetization of the iron core when A.C. is fed to it.
5. Magneto striation:
It is the humming noise of a transformer
CONCLUSION
1. The output voltage of the transformer across the
secondary coil depends upon the ratio (Ns/Np) with
respect to the input voltage
2. The output voltage of the transformer across the
secondary coil depends upon the ratio (Ns/N p) with
respect to the input voltage
3. There is a loss of power between input and output
coil of a transformer.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1) NCERT textbook class 12
2) NCERT physics lab Manual
3) INTERNET
4) www.yahoo.com
5) www.scribd.com
6) www.google.com
