CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Area of the Study
This chapter covers the description and discussion on the various techniques and procedures used
in the study to collect and analyze the data as it is deemed appropriate.
3.2 Research Design
For this study, the survey research design was adopted. The choice of the design was informed
by the objectives of the study as outlined in chapter one. This research design provides a quickly
efficient and accurate means of assessing information about a population of interest. It intends to
study the role of small-scale business in employment generation.
3.3 Population of the Study
The population for this study were workers in selected organizations, Osogbo, Osun state,
Nigeria. A total of 134 respondents would be selected from the population figure out of which
the sample size was determined. The reason for choosing Osogbo is because of its proximity to
the researcher.
3.4 Sample and Sampling Techniques
The researcher used Taro Yamane’s formula to determine the sample size from the population.
Taro Yamane’s formula is given as;
n = N
1+N (e)2
Where N = Population of study (134)
n = Sample size (?)
e = Level of significance at 5% (0.05)
1 = Constant
.: n = 134 = 134 = 134
1 + 134 (0.05)2 1+134(0.0025) 1+0.335
n = 134 = 100
1.335
The sample size therefore is 100 respondents.
3.5 Research Instrument and Instrumentation
Data for this study was collected from primary and secondary sources. The primary source of
data collected was mainly the use of a structured questionnaire which was designed to elicit
information on the impact of an effective human resources management in an organization. The
secondary source of data collections were textbooks, journals and scholarly materials.
3.6 Validity of Instrument
The instrument of this study was subjected to face validation. Face validation tests the
appropriateness of the questionnaire items. This is because face validation is often used to
indicate whether an instrument on the face of it appears to measures what it contains. Face
validations therefore aims at determining the extent to which the questionnaire is relevant to the
objectives of the study. In subjecting the instrument for face validation, copies of the initial draft
of the questionnaire will be validated by supervisor. The supervisor is expected to critically
examine the items of the instrument with specific objectives of the study and make useful
suggestions to improve the quality of the instrument. Based on his recommendations the
instrument will be adjusted and re-adjusted before being administered for the study.
3.7 Reliability of Instrument
The coefficient of 0.81 was considered a reliability coefficient because according to Etuk (1990),
a test-retest coefficient of 0.5 will be enough to justify the use of a research instrument.
3.8 Method of Data Collection
This study is based on the two possible sources of data which are the primary and secondary
source.
a. Primary Source of Data: The primary data for this study consist of raw data
generated from responses to questionnaires and interview by the respondents.
b. Secondary Source of Data: The secondary data includes information obtained through
the review of literature that is journals, monographs, textbooks and other periodicals.
3.9 Method of Data Analysis
Data collected will be analyzed using frequency table, percentage and mean score analysis while
the nonparametric statistical test (Chi- square) was used to test the formulated hypothesis using
SPSS (statistical package for social sciences). Haven gathered the data through the
administration of questionnaire, the collected data will be coded, tabulated and analyzed using
SPSS statistical software according to the research question and hypothesis. In order to
effectively analyze the data collected for easy management and accuracy, the chi square method
will be used for test of independence. Chi square is given as
X2 = ∑ (o-e)2
Where X2 = chi square
o = observed frequency
e = expected frequency
Level of confidence / degree of freedom
When employing the chi – square test, a certain level of confidence or margin of error has to be
assumed. More also, the degree of freedom in the table has to be determined in simple variable,
row and column distribution, degree of freedom is: df = (r-1) (c-1)
Where; df = degree of freedom
r = number of rows
c = number of columns.
In determining the critical chi _ square value, the value of confidence is assumed to be at 95% or
0.95. a margin of 5% or 0.05 is allowed for judgment error.
