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JEE Advanced Short Notes Chemical Eqm

The document provides comprehensive notes on Chemical Equilibrium, covering key concepts such as dynamic equilibrium, the law of mass action, and equilibrium constants (Kc and Kp). It discusses Le Chatelier’s Principle, types of equilibria, and applications including calculating equilibrium concentrations and solubility. Additionally, it includes a summary table of key relations and formulas related to chemical equilibrium.

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45 views3 pages

JEE Advanced Short Notes Chemical Eqm

The document provides comprehensive notes on Chemical Equilibrium, covering key concepts such as dynamic equilibrium, the law of mass action, and equilibrium constants (Kc and Kp). It discusses Le Chatelier’s Principle, types of equilibria, and applications including calculating equilibrium concentrations and solubility. Additionally, it includes a summary table of key relations and formulas related to chemical equilibrium.

Uploaded by

hemang123.singhalabcd
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Same for Chemical Eqm

Here are JEE Advanced full notes for Chemical Equilibrium:

JEE Advanced: Chemical Equilibrium — Full Notes

1. Chemical Equilibrium Basics


Dynamic equilibrium: Rate of forward reaction equals rate of reverse reaction.
At equilibrium, concentrations of reactants and products remain constant (but both
reactions still occur).

2. Law of Mass Action


For a reaction: $ aA + bB \rightleftharpoons cC + dD $

Where $ K_c $ = equilibrium constant (conc.), [ ] = molar concentration.

3. Equilibrium Constant (K)


Kc (using concentrations): For reactions in solution.
Kp (using pressures): For gaseous reactions.
Relation: $ K_p = K_c(RT)^{\Delta n} $,
$\Delta n = $ (change in moles of gas: products – reactants)

4. Features of Equilibrium Constant


Only affected by temperature.
Independent of initial concentrations.
Large : products favored; small : reactants favored.

5. Types of Equilibria
Homogeneous equilibrium: All reactants and products in same phase.
Heterogeneous equilibrium: Reactants and/or products in different phases (solids, liquids,
gases).

6. Le Chatelier’s Principle
If a stress is applied to equilibrium, system shifts to oppose the change.
Concentration change: System shifts to reduce effect.
Pressure change (gases): Shifts towards less/more moles.
Temperature: Endothermic — equilibrium shifts to heat side; Exothermic — away from
heat.

7. Ionic Equilibrium (for strong/weak electrolytes)


Weak electrolytes only partially dissociate.
Degree of dissociation : Fraction dissociated.
Ostwald’s dilution law:

: acid dissociation constant, : initial concentration

8. Solubility Product (Ksp)


For sparingly soluble salts, equilibrium established between dissolved ions and solid.
Example for : $ K_{sp} = [A+][B-] $

9. Common Ion Effect


Addition of a common ion suppresses the dissociation of weak electrolyte.

10. Applications
Predict direction of reaction shift.
Calculate equilibrium concentrations by ICE tables (Initial, Change, Equil.).
Find solubility from , degree of dissociation from .

11. Problem Types


Determining equilibrium concentrations using or .
Using Le Chatelier’s principle for concentration, temperature, pressure changes.
Calculating solubility/product using .
pH calculations for weak acids/base equilibria.

Summary Table: Key Chemical Equilibrium Relations

Concept Formula Notes

Equilibrium constant $ K_c = \frac{[C]^c [D]d}{[A]a [B]^b} $ Law of mass action

Pressure constant $ K_p = K_c(RT)^{\Delta n} $ Gaseous equilibrium

Ostwald dilution law $ K_a = \frac{C\alpha^2}{1-\alpha} $ Weak electrolyte dissociation

Solubility product $ K_{sp} = [ions]^coeff. $ Sparingly soluble salts

Le Chatelier’s Principle System responds to oppose change Predict shift in equilibrium


Copy and format these notes in your editor, export to PDF. For worked examples, graphical
illustrations, or ICE table steps, just ask!

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