Trig equations_applications_triangles [370 marks]

The following diagram shows a circular play area for children.

The circle has centre O and a radius of 20 m, and the points A, B, C and D lie on the circle. Angle AOB is 1.5 radians.

1a. Find the length of the chord [AB]. [3 marks]

 Markscheme
Note: In this question, do not penalise for missing or incorrect units. They are not included in the markscheme, to avoid complex
answer lines.
METHOD 1
choosing cosine rule (must have cos in it) (M1)
e.g.
c2 = a2 + b2 − 2ab cos C
correct substitution (into rhs) A1
e.g.
202 + 202 − 2(20)(20) cos 1.5 ,
AB = √− −−−
800 −−−−−cos
800 −−− −−
1.5
AB = 27.26555 …
AB = 27.3
[27.2, 27.3] A1 N2
[3 marks]
METHOD 2
choosing sine rule (M1)
e.g.
sin A sin B
a
= b
,
AB AO
sin O
= sin B

correct substitution A1
e.g.
AB 20
sin 1.5
= sin(0.5(π−1.5))

AB = 27.26555 …
AB = 27.3
[27.2, 27.3] A1 N2
[3 marks]

1b. Find the area of triangle AOB. [2 marks]

Markscheme
correct substitution into area formula A1
e.g.
1
2
(20)(20) sin 1.5 ,
1
2
(20)(27.2655504 …) sin(0.5(π − 1.5))

area = 199.498997 … (accept

199.75106 = 200 , from using 27.3)
area = 199
[199, 200] A1 N1
[2 marks]

1c.
Angle BOC is 2.4 radians. [3 marks]

Find the length of arc ADC.

 Markscheme
appropriate method to find angle AOC (M1)
e.g.
2π − 1.5 − 2.4
correct substitution into arc length formula (A1)
e.g.
(2π − 3.9) × 20 ,
2.3831853 … × 20
arc length = 47.6637 …
arc length = 47.7
(47.6, 47.7] (i.e. do not accept
47.6) A1 N2
Notes: Candidates may misread the question and use
AÔC = 2.4 . If working shown, award M0 then A0MRA1 for the answer 48. Do not then penalize
AÔC in part (d) which, if used, leads to the answer
679.498 …
However, if they use the prematurely rounded value of 2.4 for
AÔC , penalise 1 mark for premature rounding for the answer 48 in (c). Do not then penalize for this in (d).
[3 marks]

1d.
Angle BOC is 2.4 radians. [3 marks]

Find the area of the shaded region.

Markscheme
calculating sector area using their angle AOC (A1)
e.g.
1
2
(2.38 …)(202 ) ,
200(2.38 …) ,
476.6370614 …
shaded area = their area of triangle AOB + their area of sector (M1)
e.g.
199.4989973 … + 476.6370614 … ,
199 + 476.637
shaded area = 676.136 … (accept
675.637 … = 676 from using 199)
shaded area = 676
[676, 677] A1 N2
[3 marks]

1e.
Angle BOC is 2.4 radians. [4 marks]

The shaded region is to be painted red. Red paint is sold in cans which cost
$32 each. One can covers
140 m2 . How much does it cost to buy the paint?
 Markscheme
dividing to find number of cans (M1)
e.g.
676
140
,
4.82857 …
5 cans must be purchased (A1)
multiplying to find cost of cans (M1)
e.g.
5(32) ,
676
140
× 32

cost is 160 (dollars) A1 N3

[4 marks]

The following diagram shows

ΔPQR , where RQ = 9 cm,
^ Q = 70∘ and
PR
^ R = 45∘ .
PQ

2a. Find [1 mark]

^Q .
RP

Markscheme
^ Q =65∘
RP A1 N1
[1 mark]

2b.
Find PR . [3 marks]

Markscheme
evidence of choosing sine rule (M1)
correct substitution A1
e.g.
PR 9
sin 45∘
= sin 65∘

7.021854078
PR = 7.02 A1 N2
[3 marks]

2c.
Find the area of [2 marks]
ΔPQR .
 Markscheme
correct substitution (A1)
e.g.
area = 12 × 9 × 7.02 … × sin 70∘

29.69273008
area = 29.7 A1 N2
[2 marks]

The following diagram shows a triangle ABC.

BC = 6 ,
C ÂB = 0.7 radians ,
AB = 4p ,
AC = 5p , where
p>0.

3a.
(i) Show that [4 marks]
p2 (41 − 40 cos 0.7) = 36 .
(ii) Find p .

Markscheme
(i) evidence of valid approach (M1)
e.g. choosing cosine rule
correct substitution (A1)
e.g.
62 = (5p)2 + (4p)2 − 2 × (4p) × (5p) cos 0.7
simplification A1
e.g.
36 = 25p2 + 16p2 − 40p2 cos 0.7
p2 (41 − 40 cos 0.7) = 36 AG N0
(ii)
1.85995 …
p = 1.86 A1 N1
Note: Award A0 for
p = ±1.86 , i.e. not rejecting the negative value.
[4 marks]
 Consider the circle with centre B that passes through the point C. The circle cuts the line CA at D, and
AD̂B is obtuse. Part of the circle is shown in the following diagram.

3b.
Write down the length of BD. [1 mark]

Markscheme
BD = 6 A1 N1
[1 mark]

3c.
Find [4 marks]
AD̂B .

Markscheme
evidence of valid approach (M1)
e.g. choosing sine rule
correct substitution A1
e.g.
sin AD̂B sin 0.7
4p
= 6

acute AD̂B = 0.9253166 … (A1)

π − 0.9253166 … = 2.216275 …

AD̂B = 2.22 A1 N3
[4 marks]

3d. (i) Show that [6 marks]

C B̂D = 1.29 radians, correct to 2 decimal places.
(ii) Hence, find the area of the shaded region.
 Markscheme
(i) evidence of valid approach (M1)
e.g. recognize isosceles triangle, base angles equal
π − 2(0.9253 …) A1

C B̂D = 1.29 AG N0
(ii) area of sector BCD (A1)
e.g.
0.5 × (1.29) × (6)2
area of triangle BCD (A1)
e.g.
0.5 × (6)2 sin 1.29
evidence of subtraction M1
5.92496 …
5.937459 …
area = 5.94 A1 N3
[6 marks]

The diagram shows a circle of radius

8 metres. The points ABCD lie on the circumference of the circle.

BC =
14 m, CD =
11.5 m, AD =
8 m,
AD^ C = 104∘ , and
BC^D = 73∘ .

4a. Find AC. [3 marks]

 Markscheme
evidence of choosing cosine rule (M1)
eg
c2 = a2 + b2 − 2ab cos C ,
C D2 + AD2 − 2 × CD × AD cos D
correct substitution A1
eg
11.52 + 82 − 2 × 11.5 × 8 cos 104 ,
196.25 − 184 cos 104
AC
= 15.5 (m) A1 N2
[3 marks]

4b.
(i) Find [5 marks]
AC^D .
(ii) Hence, find
AC^B .

Markscheme
(i) METHOD 1
evidence of choosing sine rule (M1)
eg
sin A
a
= sinbB ,
sin AĈD
AD
= sin D
AC

correct substitution A1
eg
sin AC^D sin 104
8
= 15.516…

^ D = 30.0∘
AC A1 N2
METHOD 2
evidence of choosing cosine rule (M1)
eg
c2 = a2 + b2 − 2ab cos C
correct substitution A1
e.g.
82 = 11.52 + 15.516…2 − 2(11.5)(15.516 …) cos C
^ D = 30.0∘
AC A1 N2

(ii) subtracting their

AC ^ D from
73 (M1)
eg
73 − AC^D ,
70 − 30.017 …
^ B = 43.0∘
AC A1 N2

[5 marks]
4c.
Find the area of triangle ADC. [2 marks]

Markscheme
correct substitution (A1)
eg area
ΔADC = 12 (8)(11.5) sin 104
area
= 44.6 (m2) A1 N2
[2 marks]

4d.
(c) Find the area of triangle ADC. [6 marks]

(d) Hence or otherwise, find the total area of the shaded regions.

Markscheme
(c) correct substitution (A1)
eg area
ΔADC = 12 (8)(11.5) sin 104
area
= 44.6 (m2) A1 N2
[2 marks]

(d) attempt to subtract (M1)

eg
circle − ABCD ,
πr2 − ΔADC − ΔACB
area
ΔACB = 12 (15.516 …)(14) sin 42.98 (A1)

correct working A1
eg
π(8)2 − 44.6336 … − 12 (15.516 …)(14) sin 42.98 ,
64π − 44.6 − 74.1
shaded area is
82.4 (m2) A1 N3
[4 marks]

Total [6 marks]

4e. Hence or otherwise, find the total area of the shaded regions. [4 marks]
 Markscheme
attempt to subtract (M1)
eg
circle − ABCD ,
πr2 − ΔADC − ΔACB
area
ΔACB = 12 (15.516 …)(14) sin 42.98 (A1)

correct working A1
eg
π(8)2 − 44.6336 … − 12 (15.516 …)(14) sin 42.98 ,
64π − 44.6 − 74.1
shaded area is
82.4 (m2) A1 N3
[4 marks]

Total [6 marks]

A Ferris wheel with diameter

122 metres rotates clockwise at a constant speed. The wheel completes
2.4 rotations every hour. The bottom of the wheel is
13 metres above the ground.

A seat starts at the bottom of the wheel.

5a.
Find the maximum height above the ground of the seat. [2 marks]

Markscheme
valid approach (M1)
eg
13 + diameter ,
13 + 122
maximum height
= 135 (m) A1 N2
[2 marks]
 After t minutes, the height
h metres above the ground of the seat is given by

h = 74 + a cos bt.

5b.
(i) Show that the period of [2 marks]
h is
25 minutes.
(ii) Write down the exact value of
b.

Markscheme
(i) period
60
= 2.4 A1
period
= 25 minutes AG N0
(ii)
b = 2π
25
(= 0.08π) A1 N1
[2 marks]

5c.
(b) (i) Show that the period of [9 marks]
h is
25 minutes.
(ii) Write down the exact value of
b.
(c) Find the value of
a.
(d) Sketch the graph of
h , for
0 ≤ t ≤ 50 .
 Markscheme
(a) (i) period
60
= 2.4 A1
period
= 25 minutes AG N0
(ii)
b = 2π
25
(= 0.08π) A1 N1
[2 marks]

(b) METHOD 1
valid approach (M1)
eg
max − 74 ,
|a| = 135−13
2
,
74 − 13
|a| = 61 (accept
a = 61 ) (A1)
a = −61 A1 N2
METHOD 2
attempt to substitute valid point into equation for h (M1)
eg
135 = 74 + a cos( 2π×12.5
25
)

correct equation (A1)

eg
135 = 74 + a cos(π) ,
13 = 74 + a
a = −61 A1 N2
[3 marks]

(c)
A1A1A1A1 N4
Note: Award A1 for approximately correct domain, A1 for approximately correct range,
A1 for approximately correct sinusoidal shape with
2 cycles.
Only if this last A1 awarded, award A1 for max/min in approximately correct positions.
[4 marks]

Total [9 marks]

5d.
Find the value of [3 marks]
a.
 Markscheme
METHOD 1
valid approach (M1)
eg
max − 74 ,
|a| = 135−13
2
,
74 − 13
|a| = 61 (accept
a = 61 ) (A1)
a = −61 A1 N2
METHOD 2
attempt to substitute valid point into equation for h (M1)
eg
135 = 74 + a cos( 2π×12.5
25
)

correct equation (A1)

eg
135 = 74 + a cos(π) ,
13 = 74 + a
a = −61 A1 N2
[3 marks]

5e.
Sketch the graph of [4 marks]
h , for
0 ≤ t ≤ 50 .

Markscheme

A1A1A1A1 N4

Note: Award A1 for approximately correct domain, A1 for approximately correct range,
A1 for approximately correct sinusoidal shape with
2 cycles.
Only if this last A1 awarded, award A1 for max/min in approximately correct positions.
[4 marks]

5f.
In one rotation of the wheel, find the probability that a randomly selected seat is at least [5 marks]
105 metres above the ground.
 Markscheme
setting up inequality (accept equation) (M1)
eg
h > 105 ,
105 = 74 + a cos bt , sketch of graph with line
y = 105
any two correct values for t (seen anywhere) A1A1
eg
t = 8.371 … ,
t = 16.628 … ,
t = 33.371 … ,
t = 41.628 …
valid approach M1
eg
16.628−8.371
25
,
t1 − t2
25
,
2×8.257
50
,
2(12.5−8.371)
25

p = 0.330 A1 N2
[5 marks]

The following diagram shows a triangle ABC.

The area of triangle ABC is

80 cm2 , AB
= 18 cm , AC
= x cm and
BA^ C = 50∘ .

6a.
Find [3 marks]
x.

Markscheme
correct substitution into area formula (A1)
eg
1
2
(18x) sin 50

setting their area expression equal to

80 (M1)
eg
9x sin 50 = 80
x = 11.6 A1 N2
[3 marks]
6b.
Find BC. [3 marks]

Markscheme
evidence of choosing cosine rule (M1)
eg
c2 = a2 + b2 + 2ab sin C
correct substitution into right hand side (may be in terms of
x) (A1)
eg
11.62 + 182 − 2(11.6)(18) cos 50
BC
= 13.8 A1 N2
[3 marks]

O
7
ABC

AB = 12.2
BC = 10.4
^ B = 1.058
AC

^C
BA
 Markscheme
Notes: In this question, there may be slight differences in answers, depending on which values candidates carry through in
subsequent parts. Accept answers that are consistent with their working.
Candidates may have their GDCs in degree mode, leading to incorrect answers. If working shown, award marks in line with the
markscheme, with FT as appropriate.
Ignore missing or incorrect units.

evidence of choosing sine rule (M1)

eg
sin A^ ^
sin B
a
= b
correct substitution (A1)
eg
sin A^ sin 1.058
10.4
= 12.2
^ C = 0.837
BA A1 N2
[3 marks]

[5 marks]
7b. Find
AC.

Markscheme
Notes: In this question, there may be slight differences in answers, depending on which values candidates carry through in
subsequent parts. Accept answers that are consistent with their working.
Candidates may have their GDCs in degree mode, leading to incorrect answers. If working shown, award marks in line with the
markscheme, with FT as appropriate.
Ignore missing or incorrect units.

METHOD 1
evidence of subtracting angles from
π (M1)
eg
AB^C = π −A −C
correct angle (seen anywhere) A1
AB^ C = π − 1.058 − 0.837, 1.246, 71.4∘
attempt to substitute into cosine or sine rule (M1)
correct substitution (A1)
eg
AC
12.22 + 10.42 − 2 × 12.2 × 10.4 cos 71.4, sin 1.246
= 12.2
sin 1.058
AC = 13.3 (cm) A1 N3
METHOD 2
evidence of choosing cosine rule M1
eg
a2 = b2 + c2 − 2bc cos A
correct substitution (A2)
eg
12.22 = 10.42 + b2 − 2 × 10.4b cos 1.058
AC = 13.3 (cm) A2 N3
[5 marks]

[6 marks]
7c. Hence or otherwise, find the length of arc
ABC.
Markscheme
Notes: In this question, there may be slight differences in answers, depending on which values candidates carry through in
subsequent parts. Accept answers that are consistent with their working.
Candidates may have their GDCs in degree mode, leading to incorrect answers. If working shown, award marks in line with the
markscheme, with FT as appropriate.
Ignore missing or incorrect units.

METHOD 1
valid approach (M1)
eg
^ C = O A +O C −AC ,
cos AO
2 2 2

2×OA×OC
AO^ C = 2 × AB^C
correct working (A1)
eg
^ C, O = 2 × 1.246
13.32 = 72 + 72 − 2 × 7 × 7 cos AO
AO^ C = 2.492 (142.8∘ ) (A1)
EITHER
correct substitution for arc length (seen anywhere) A1
eg
2.492 = 7l , l = 17.4, 14π × 142.8
360
subtracting arc from circumference (M1)
eg
2πr − l, 14π = 17.4
OR
attempt to find
AO ^ C reflex (M1)
eg
2π − 2.492, 3.79, 360 − 142.8
correct substitution for arc length (seen anywhere) A1
eg
l = 7 × 3.79, 14π × 217.2
360
THEN
arc ABC = 26.5 A1 N4
METHOD 2
valid approach to find
AO^ B or
^C
BO (M1)
eg choosing cos rule, twice angle at circumference
correct working for finding one value,
AO^ B or
^C
BO (A1)
eg
^ B = 72 + 72 − 12.2 2 ,
cos AO 2×7×7
AO^ B = 2.116,BO ^ C = 1.6745
two correct calculations for arc lengths
eg
AB = 7 × 2 × 1.058 (= 14.8135), 7 × 1.6745 (= 11.7216) (A1)(A1)
adding their arc lengths (seen anywhere)
eg
^ B + rBO
rAO ^ C, 14.8135 + 11.7216, 7(2.116 + 1.6745) M1
arc ABC = 26.5 (cm) A1 N4

Note: Candidates may work with other interior triangles using a similar method. Check calculations carefully and award marks in line
 with markscheme.

[6 marks]

Consider the following circle with centre O and radius r .

The points P, R and Q are on the circumference,

PÔQ = 2θ , for
0 < θ < π2 .

8a.
Use the cosine rule to show that [4 marks]
PQ = 2r sin θ .

Markscheme
correct substitution into cosine rule A1
e.g.
PQ2 = r2 + r2 − 2(r)(r) cos(2θ) ,
PQ2 = 2r2 − 2r2 (cos(2θ))
substituting
1 − 2sin2 θ for
cos 2θ (seen anywhere) A1
e.g.
PQ2 = 2r2 − 2r2 (1 − 2sin2 θ)
working towards answer (A1)
e.g.
PQ2 = 2r2 − 2r2 + 4r2 sin2 θ
recognizing
2r2 − 2r2 = 0 (including crossing out) (seen anywhere)
e.g.
PQ2 = 4r2 sin2 θ ,
−−−−−−−
PQ = √4r2 sin2 θ
PQ = 2rsinθ AG N0
[4 marks]

8b.
Let l be the length of the arc PRQ . [5 marks]

Given that
1.3PQ − l = 0 , find the value of
θ.
 Markscheme
PRQ = r × 2θ (seen anywhere) (A1)
correct set up A1
e.g.
1.3 × 2r sin θ − r × (2θ) = 0
attempt to eliminate r (M1)
correct equation in terms of the one variable
θ (A1)
e.g.
1.3 × 2 sin θ − 2θ = 0
1.221496215
θ = 1.22 (accept
70.0∘ (69.9)) A1 N3
[5 marks]

8c.
Consider the function [4 marks]
f(θ) = 2.6 sin θ − 2θ , for
0 < θ < π2 .

(i) Sketch the graph of f .

(ii) Write down the root of
f(θ) = 0 .

Markscheme
(i)

A1A1A1 N3

Note: Award A1 for approximately correct shape, A1 for x-intercept in approximately correct position, A1 for domain. Do not
penalise if sketch starts at origin.
(ii)
1.221496215
θ = 1.22 A1 N1
[4 marks]

8d.
Use the graph of f to find the values of [3 marks]
θ for which
l < 1.3PQ .
 Markscheme
evidence of appropriate approach (may be seen earlier) M2
e.g.
2θ < 2.6 sin θ ,
0 < f(θ) , showing positive part of sketch
0 < θ < 1.221496215
0 < θ = 1.22 (accept
θ < 1.22 ) A1 N1
[3 marks]

9a.
Show that [2 marks]
4 − cos 2θ + 5 sin θ = 2sin2 θ + 5 sin θ + 3 .

Markscheme
attempt to substitute
1 − 2sin2 θ for
cos 2θ (M1)
correct substitution A1
e.g.
4 − (1 − 2sin2 θ) + 5 sin θ
4 − cos 2θ + 5 sin θ = 2sin2 θ + 5 sin θ + 3 AG N0
[2 marks]

9b. Hence, solve the equation

[5 marks]
4 − cos 2θ + 5 sin θ = 0 for
0 ≤ θ ≤ 2π .

Markscheme
evidence of appropriate approach to solve (M1)
e.g. factorizing, quadratic formula
correct working A1
e.g.
(2 sin θ + 3)(sin θ + 1) ,
(2x + 3)(x + 1) = 0 ,
−5± √1
sin x = 4
correct solution
sin θ = −1 (do not penalise for including
sin θ = − 32 (A1)
3π
θ= 2
A2 N3

[5 marks]
 Let
f(x) = 6 + 6 sin x . Part of the graph of f is shown below.

The shaded region is enclosed by the curve of f , the x-axis, and the y-axis.

10a.
Solve for [5 marks]
0 ≤ x < 2π
(i)
6 + 6 sin x = 6 ;
(ii)
6 + 6 sin x = 0 .

Markscheme
(i)
sin x = 0 A1
x=0,
x = π A1A1 N2
(ii)
sin x = −1 A1
3π
x= 2
A1 N1

[5 marks]

10b.
Write down the exact value of the x-intercept of f , for [1 mark]
0 ≤ x < 2π .

Markscheme
3π
2
A1 N1

[1 mark]

10c.
The area of the shaded region is k . Find the value of k , giving your answer in terms of [6 marks]
π.
 Markscheme
evidence of using anti-differentiation (M1)
e.g.
3π
∫0 2 (6 + 6 sin x)dx
correct integral
6x − 6 cos x (seen anywhere) A1A1
correct substitution (A1)
e.g.
6 ( 3π2 ) − 6 cos( 3π2 ) − (−6 cos 0) ,
9π − 0 + 6
k = 9π + 6 A1A1 N3
[6 marks]

10d.
Let [2 marks]
g(x) = 6 + 6 sin(x − π2 ) . The graph of f is transformed to the graph of g.
Give a full geometric description of this transformation.

Markscheme
translation of
π
( 2 ) A1A1 N2
0
[2 marks]

10e.
Let [3 marks]
g(x) = 6 + 6 sin(x − π2 ) . The graph of f is transformed to the graph of g.

Given that
p+ 3π
∫p 2 g(x)dx = k and
0 ≤ p < 2π , write down the two values of p.

Markscheme
recognizing that the area under g is the same as the shaded region in f (M1)
π
p= , 2
p = 0 A1A1 N3
[3 marks]
 The following diagram shows the triangle ABC.

The angle at C is obtuse,

AC = 5 cm,
BC = 13.6 cm and the area is
20 cm2 .

11a.
Find [4 marks]
AĈB .

Markscheme
correct substitution into the formula for the area of a triangle A1
e.g.
1
2
× 5 × 13.6 × sin C = 20 ,
1
2
× 5 × h = 20

attempt to solve (M1)

e.g.
sin C = 0.5882 … ,
8
sin C = 13.6

Ĉ = 36.031 …∘ (
0.6288 … radians) (A1)

AĈB = 144∘
(2.51 radians) A1 N3
[4 marks]

11b.
Find AB. [3 marks]

Markscheme
evidence of choosing the cosine rule (M1)
correct substitution A1
e.g.
(AB)2 = 52 + 13.62 − 2(5)(13.6) cos 143.968 …
AB = 17.9 A1 N2
[3 marks]
 The following diagram represents a large Ferris wheel at an amusement park.
The points P, Q and R represent different positions of a seat on the wheel.

The wheel has a radius of 50 metres and rotates clockwise at a rate of one revolution every 30 minutes.
A seat starts at the lowest point P, when its height is one metre above the ground.

12a.
Find the height of a seat above the ground after 15 minutes. [2 marks]

Markscheme
valid approach (M1)
e.g. 15 mins is half way, top of the wheel,
d+1
height
= 101 (metres) A1 N2
[2 marks]

12b.
After six minutes, the seat is at point Q. Find its height above the ground at Q. [5 marks]

Markscheme
evidence of identifying rotation angle after 6 minutes A1
e.g.
2π
5
,
1
5
of a rotation,
72∘
evidence of appropriate approach (M1)
e.g. drawing a right triangle and using cosine ratio
correct working (seen anywhere) A1
e.g.
cos 2π5 = 50
x
,
15.4(508 …)
evidence of appropriate method M1
e.g. height
= radius + 1 − 15.45 …
height
= 35.5 (metres) (accept 35.6) A1 N2
[5 marks]
12c. The height of the seat above ground after t minutes can be modelled by the function [6 marks]
h(t) = 50 sin(b(t − c)) + 51.
Find the value of b and of c .

Markscheme
METHOD 1
evidence of substituting into
2π
b = period (M1)

correct substitution
e.g. period = 30 minutes,
b = 2π
30
A1

b = 0.209
π
( 15 ) A1 N2

substituting into
h(t) (M1)
e.g.
h(0) = 1 ,
h(15) = 101
correct substitution A1
π
1= 50 sin(− 15 c) + 51

c = 7.5 A1 N2
METHOD 2
evidence of setting up a system of equations (M1)
two correct equations
e.g.
1 = 50 sin b(0 − c) + 51 ,
101 = 50 sin b(15 − c) + 51 A1A1
attempt to solve simultaneously (M1)
e.g. evidence of combining two equations
b = 0.209
π
( 15 ),
c = 7.5 A1A1 N2N2
[6 marks]

12d.
The height of the seat above ground after t minutes can be modelled by the function [3 marks]
h(t) = 50 sin(b(t − c)) + 51.
Hence find the value of t the first time the seat is
96 m above the ground.

Markscheme
evidence of solving
h(t) = 96 (M1)
e.g. equation, graph
t = 12.8 (minutes) A2 N3
[3 marks]
 Consider the triangle ABC, where AB =10 , BC = 7 and
C ÂB =
30∘ .

13a. Find the two possible values of [4 marks]

AĈB .

Markscheme
Note: accept answers given in degrees, and minutes.
evidence of choosing sine rule (M1)
e.g.
sin A sin B
a
= b

correct substitution A1
e.g.
∘
sin θ
10
= sin 730 ,
sin θ = 57

AĈB = 45.6∘ ​ ,
AĈB = 134∘ ​ A1A1 N1N1
Note: If candidates only find the acute angle in part (a), award no marks for (b).
[4 marks]

13b.
Hence, find [2 marks]
AB̂C , given that it is acute.

Markscheme
attempt to substitute their larger value into angle sum of triangle (M1)
e.g.
180∘ − (134.415…∘ + 30∘ )

AB̂C = 15.6∘ ​ A1 N2
[2 marks]

14.
Solve the equation [7 marks]
2 cos x = sin 2x , for
0 ≤ x ≤ 3π .
 Markscheme
METHOD 1
using double-angle identity (seen anywhere) A1
e.g.
sin 2x = 2 sin x cos x ,
2 cos x = 2 sin x cos x
evidence of valid attempt to solve equation (M1)
e.g.
0 = 2 sin x cos x − 2 cos x ,
2 cos x(1 − sin x) = 0
cos x = 0 ,
sin x = 1 A1A1
π
x= 2
,
3π
x= 2
,
5π
x= 2
A1A1A1 N4

METHOD 2

A1A1M1A1

Notes: Award A1 for sketch of

sin 2x , A1 for a sketch of
2 cos x , M1 for at least one intersection point seen, and A1 for 3 approximately correct intersection points. Accept sketches drawn
outside
[0,3π] , even those with more than 3 intersections.
π
x= 2
,
3π
x= 2
,
5π
x= 2
A1A1A1 N4

[7 marks]

The following diagram shows triangle ABC .

AB = 7 cm, BC = 9 cm and
AB̂C = 120∘ .

15a. Find AC . [3 marks]

 Markscheme
evidence of choosing cosine rule (M1)
e.g.
a2 + b2 − 2ab cos C
correct substitution A1
e.g.
72 + 92 − 2(7)(9) cos 120∘
AC = 13.9
−−−
(= √193 ) A1 N2

[3 marks]

15b. Find [3 marks]

BÂC .

Markscheme
METHOD 1
evidence of choosing sine rule (M1)
e.g.
sin  sin B̂
BC
= AC

correct substitution A1
e.g.
sin  sin 120
9
= 13.9

 = 34.1∘ A1 N2
METHOD 2
evidence of choosing cosine rule (M1)
e.g.
AB2 +AC2 −BC2
cos  = 2(AB)(AC)

correct substitution A1
e.g.
72 + 13.9 2 − 92
cos  =
2(7)(13.9)

 = 34.1∘ A1 N2
[3 marks]
 The following diagram shows a waterwheel with a bucket. The wheel rotates at a constant rate in an anticlockwise (counter-
clockwise) direction.

The diameter of the wheel is 8 metres. The centre of the wheel, A, is 2 metres above the water level. After t seconds, the height of the
bucket above the water level is given by
h = asin bt + 2 .

16a.
Show that [2 marks]
a=4.

Markscheme
METHOD 1
evidence of recognizing the amplitude is the radius (M1)
e.g. amplitude is half the diameter
8
a= 2
A1

a=4 AG N0
METHOD 2
evidence of recognizing the maximum height (M1)
e.g.
h=6,
asin bt + 2 = 6
correct reasoning
e.g.
asin bt = 4 and
sin bt has amplitude of 1 A1
a=4 AG N0
[2 marks]

16b.
The wheel turns at a rate of one rotation every 30 seconds. [2 marks]

Show that
π
b = 15 .
 Markscheme
METHOD 1
period = 30 (A1)
2π
b= 30
A1

b= π
15
AG N0

METHOD 2
correct equation (A1)
e.g.
2 = 4 sin 30b + 2 ,
sin 30b = 0
30b = 2π A1
b= π
15
AG N0

[2 marks]

16c. In the first rotation, there are two values of t when the bucket is descending at a rate of
[6 marks]
0.5 ms−1 .
Find these values of t .

Markscheme
recognizing
h′ (t) = −0.5 (seen anywhere) R1
attempting to solve (M1)
e.g. sketch of
h′ , finding
h′
correct work involving
h′ A2
e.g. sketch of
h′ showing intersection,
−0.5 = 4π15
π
cos( 15 t)

t = 10.6 ,
t = 19.4 A1A1 N3
[6 marks]

16d. In the first rotation, there are two values of t when the bucket is descending at a rate of
[4 marks]
0.5 ms−1 .
Determine whether the bucket is underwater at the second value of t .
Markscheme
METHOD 1
valid reasoning for their conclusion (seen anywhere) R1
e.g.
h(t) < 0 so underwater;
h(t) > 0 so not underwater
evidence of substituting into h (M1)
e.g.
h(19.4) ,
4 sin 19.4π
15
+2

correct calculation A1
e.g.
h(19.4) = −1.19
correct statement A1 N0
e.g. the bucket is underwater, yes
METHOD 2
valid reasoning for their conclusion (seen anywhere) R1
e.g.
h(t) < 0 so underwater;
h(t) > 0 so not underwater
evidence of valid approach (M1)
e.g. solving
h(t) = 0 , graph showing region below x-axis
correct roots A1
e.g.
17.5,
27.5
correct statement A1 N0
e.g. the bucket is underwater, yes
[4 marks]
 There is a vertical tower TA of height 36 m at the base A of a hill. A straight path goes up the hill from A to a point U. This
information is represented by the following diagram.

The path makes a

4∘ angle with the horizontal.
The point U on the path is
25 m away from the base of the tower.
The top of the tower is fixed to U by a wire of length
x m.

17a.
Complete the diagram, showing clearly all the information above. [3 marks]

Markscheme

A1A1A1 N3

Note: Award A1 for labelling

4∘ with horizontal, A1 for labelling [AU] 25 metres, A1 for drawing [TU].
[3 marks]

17b. Find x . [4 marks]

Markscheme
T ÂU = 86∘ (A1)
evidence of choosing cosine rule (M1)
correct substitution A1
e.g.
x2 = 252 + 362 − 2(25)(36) cos 86∘
x = 42.4 A1 N3
[4 marks]
 The diagram below shows a plan for a window in the shape of a trapezium.

Three sides of the window are

2 m long. The angle between the sloping sides of the window and the base is
θ , where
0 < θ < π2 .

18a.
Show that the area of the window is given by [5 marks]
y = 4 sin θ + 2 sin 2θ .

Markscheme
evidence of finding height, h (A1)
e.g.
h
sin θ = 2
,
2 sin θ
evidence of finding base of triangle, b (A1)
e.g.
b
cos θ = 2
,
2 cos θ
attempt to substitute valid values into a formula for the area of the window (M1)
e.g. two triangles plus rectangle, trapezium area formula
correct expression (must be in terms of
θ ) A1
e.g.
2 ( 12 × 2 cos θ × 2 sin θ) + 2 × 2 sin θ ,
1
2
(2 sin θ)(2 + 2 + 4 cos θ)

attempt to replace
2 sin θ cos θ by
sin 2θ M1
e.g.
4 sin θ + 2(2 sin θ cos θ)
y = 4 sin θ + 2 sin 2θ AG N0
[5 marks]

18b. Zoe wants a window to have an area of [4 marks]

5 m2 . Find the two possible values of
θ.
 Markscheme
correct equation A1
e.g.
y=5,
4 sin θ + 2 sin 2θ = 5
evidence of attempt to solve (M1)
e.g. a sketch,
4 sin θ + 2 sin θ − 5 = 0
θ = 0.856
(49.0∘ ) ,
θ = 1.25
(71.4∘ ) A1A1 N3
[4 marks]

18c. John wants two windows which have the same area A but different values of [7 marks]
θ.
Find all possible values for A .

Markscheme
recognition that lower area value occurs at
θ = π2 (M1)
finding value of area at
θ = π2 (M1)

e.g.
4 sin( π2 ) + 2 sin(2 × π2 ) , draw square

A=4 (A1)
recognition that maximum value of y is needed (M1)
A = 5.19615 … (A1)
4 < A < 5.20 (accept
4 < A < 5.19 ) A2 N5
[7 marks]
 A ship leaves port A on a bearing of
030∘ . It sails a distance of
25 km to point B. At B, the ship changes direction to a bearing of
100∘ . It sails a distance of
40 km to reach point C. This information is shown in the diagram below.

A second ship leaves port A and sails directly to C.

19a. Find the distance the second ship will travel. [4 marks]

Markscheme
finding
AB̂C = 110∘ (
= 1.92 radians) (A1)
evidence of choosing cosine rule (M1)
e.g.
AC2 = AB2 + BC2 − 2(AB)(BC) cos AB̂C
correct substitution A1
e.g.
AC2 = 252 + 402 − 2(25)(40) cos 110∘
AC = 53.9 (km) A1

19b. Find the bearing of the course taken by the second ship. [3 marks]
 Markscheme
METHOD 1
correct substitution into the sine rule A1
e.g.
sin BÂC sin 110 ∘
40
= 53.9
A1

BÂC = 44.2∘
bearing
= 074∘ A1 N1
METHOD 2
correct substitution into the cosine rule A1
e.g.
402 − 252 − 53.9 2
cos BÂC = A1
−2(25)(53.9)

BÂC = 44.3∘
bearing
= 074∘ A1 N1
[3 marks]

The following diagram shows a semicircle centre O, diameter [AB], with radius 2.
Let P be a point on the circumference, with
PÔB = θ radians.

20a. Find the area of the triangle OPB, in terms of [2 marks]

θ.

Markscheme
evidence of using area of a triangle (M1)
e.g.
A = 12 × 2 × 2 × sin θ

A = 2 sin θ A1 N2
[2 marks]

20b. Explain why the area of triangle OPA is the same as the area triangle OPB. [3 marks]
 Markscheme
METHOD 1

PÔA =π − θ (A1)
area ΔOPA = 12 2 × 2 × sin(π − θ)
(= 2 sin(π − θ)) A1
since
sin(π − θ) = sin θ R1
then both triangles have the same area AG N0
METHOD 2
triangle OPA has the same height and the same base as triangle OPB R3
then both triangles have the same area AG N0
[3 marks]

Let S be the total area of the two segments shaded in the diagram below.

20c.
Show that [3 marks]
S = 2(π − 2 sin θ) .

Markscheme
area semicircle
= 12 × π(2)2
(= 2π) A1
area ΔAPB = 2 sin θ + 2 sin θ
(= 4 sin θ) A1
S = area of semicircle − area ΔAPB
(= 2π − 4 sin θ) M1
S = 2(π − 2 sin θ) AG N0
[3 marks]

20d. Find the value of [8 marks]

θ when S is a local minimum, justifying that it is a minimum.
 Markscheme
METHOD 1
attempt to differentiate (M1)
e.g.
dS
dθ
= −4 cos θ

setting derivative equal to 0 (M1)

correct equation A1
e.g.
−4 cos θ = 0 ,
cos θ = 0 ,
4 cos θ = 0
θ= π
2
A1 N3

EITHER
evidence of using second derivative (M1)
S ′′ (θ) = 4 sin θ A1
S ′′ ( π2 ) = 4 A1
it is a minimum because
S ′′ ( π2 ) > 0 R1 N0

OR
evidence of using first derivative (M1)
for
θ < π2 , S ′ (θ) < 0 (may use diagram) A1

for
θ > π2 , S ′ (θ) > 0 (may use diagram) A1

it is a minimum since the derivative goes from negative to positive R1 N0

METHOD 2
2π − 4 sin θ is minimum when
4 sin θ is a maximum R3
4 sin θ is a maximum when
sin θ = 1 (A2)
θ= π
2
A3 N3

[8 marks]

20e. Find a value of [2 marks]

θ for which S has its greatest value.

Markscheme
S is greatest when
4 sin θ is smallest (or equivalent) (R1)
θ = 0 (or
π ) A1 N2
[2 marks]

21.
Solve [7 marks]
cos 2x − 3 cos x − 3 − cos2 x = sin2 x , for
0 ≤ x ≤ 2π .
 Markscheme
evidence of substituting for
cos 2x (M1)
evidence of substituting into
sin2 x + cos2 x = 1 (M1)
correct equation in terms of
cos x (seen anywhere) A1
e.g.
2cos2 x − 1 − 3 cos x − 3 = 1 ,
2cos2 x − 3 cos x − 5 = 0
evidence of appropriate approach to solve (M1)
e.g. factorizing, quadratic formula
appropriate working A1
e.g.
(2 cos x − 5)(cos x + 1) = 0 ,
(2x − 5)(x + 1) ,
3± √49
cos x = 4
correct solutions to the equation
e.g.
cos x = 52 ,
cos x = −1 ,
x = 52 ,
x = −1 (A1)
x=π A1 N4
[7 marks]

The following diagram shows a circle with centre O and radius 4 cm.

The points A, B and C lie on the circle. The point D is outside the circle, on (OC).
Angle ADC = 0.3 radians and angle AOC = 0.8 radians.

22a. Find AD. [3 marks]

 Markscheme
choosing sine rule (M1)
correct substitution A1
e.g.
AD 4
sin 0.8
= sin 0.3

AD = 9.71 (cm) A1 N2
[3 marks]

22b. Find OD. [4 marks]

Markscheme
METHOD 1
finding angle
OAD = π − 1.1 = (2.04) (seen anywhere) (A1)
choosing cosine rule (M1)
correct substitution A1
e.g.
OD2 = 9.712 + 42 − 2 × 9.71 × 4 × cos(π − 1.1)
OD = 12.1 (cm) A1 N3
METHOD 2
finding angle
OAD = π − 1.1 = (2.04) (seen anywhere) (A1)
choosing sine rule (M1)
correct substitution A1
e.g.
OD 9.71 4
= sin 0.8
= sin 0.3
sin(π−1.1)

OD = 12.1 (cm) A1 N3
[4 marks]

22c.
Find the area of sector OABC. [2 marks]

Markscheme
correct substitution into area of a sector formula (A1)
e.g.
area = 0.5 × 42 × 0.8
area = 6.4 (cm2 ) A1 N2
[2 marks]

22d. Find the area of region ABCD. [4 marks]

 Markscheme
substitution into area of triangle formula OAD (M1)
correct substitution A1
e.g.
A= 12 × 4 × 12.1 × sin 0.8 ,
A= 12 × 4 × 9.71 × sin 2.04 ,
A= 12 × 12.1 × 9.71 × sin 0.3

subtracting area of sector OABC from area of triangle OAD (M1)

e.g.
area ABCD = 17.3067 − 6.4
area ABCD = 10.9 (cm2 ) A1 N2
[4 marks]

The vertices of the triangle PQR are defined by the position vectors

−→ ⎛ 4 ⎞
−
OP = ⎜ −3 ⎟ ,
⎝ 1 ⎠

−→
− ⎛ 3 ⎞
OQ = ⎜ −1 ⎟ and
⎝ 2 ⎠

−→
− ⎛ 6 ⎞
OR = ⎜ −1 ⎟ .
⎝ 5 ⎠

23a. Find [3 marks]

(i)
−
−→
PQ ;
(ii)
−→
PR .

Markscheme
(i) evidence of approach (M1)
e.g.
−
−→ − −→ −→−
PQ = PO + OQ ,
Q−P

−→ ⎛ −1 ⎞
−
PQ = ⎜ 2 ⎟ A1 N2
⎝ 1 ⎠

(ii)
−→ ⎛ 2 ⎞
PR = ⎜ 2 ⎟ A1 N1
⎝4⎠

[3 marks]

23b.
Show that [7 marks]
1
cos RP̂Q = 2
.
 Markscheme
METHOD 1
choosing correct vectors
−
−→
PQ and
−→
PR (A1)(A1)
finding
−−→ −→
PQ ∙ PR ,
∣−−→∣
∣PQ∣ ,
∣ ∣
∣−→∣
∣PR ∣ (A1) (A1)(A1)
∣ ∣
−−→ −→
PQ ∙ PR = −2 + 4 + 4(= 6)
∣−−→∣ −−−−−−−−−−−−−
∣PQ∣ = √(−1) + 22 + 12
2
∣ ∣
–
(= √6) ,
− →
∣PR ∣ = √−−−−−−−−−−
∣ ∣ 22 + 22 + 42
∣ ∣
−−
(= √24 )

substituting into formula for angle between two vectors M1

e.g.
6
cos RP̂Q =
√6 × √24

simplifying to expression clearly leading to

1
2
A1

e.g.
6
,
√6 ×2√6
6
,
√144
6
12
1
cos RP̂Q = 2
AG N0

METHOD 2
evidence of choosing cosine rule (seen anywhere) (M1)

−→
− ⎛3⎞
QR = ⎜ 0 ⎟ A1
⎝3⎠

∣−→
− ∣ −−
∣QR∣ = √18 ,
∣ ∣
∣−
−→∣ –
∣PQ∣ = √6 and
∣ ∣
∣−→∣ −−
∣PR ∣ = √24 (A1)(A1)(A1)
∣ ∣
2 2 2
(√6 ) + (√24) − (√18)
cos RP̂Q = A1
2√6 × √24

cos RP̂Q = 6+24−18

24
(= 12
24
) A1
1
cos RP̂Q = 2
AG N0

[7 marks]

23c.
(i) Find [6 marks]
sinRP̂Q .
(ii) Hence, find the area of triangle PQR, giving your answer in the form
a√–3 .
 Markscheme
(i) METHOD 1
evidence of appropriate approach (M1)
e.g. using
sin2 RP̂Q + cos2 RP̂Q = 1 , diagram
substituting correctly (A1)
e.g.
−−−−−−−
sinRP̂Q = √1 − ( 12 )
2

− −
sinRP̂Q = √ 34
(= )
√3
2
A1 N3

METHOD 2
since
1
cos P̂ = 2
,
P̂ = 60∘ (A1)
evidence of approach
e.g. drawing a right triangle, finding the missing side (A1)
√3
sin P̂ = 2
A1 N3

(ii) evidence of appropriate approach (M1)

e.g. attempt to substitute into
1
2
ab sin C

correct substitution
e.g. area
−− √3
= 12 √–6 × √24 × 2 A1

area
–
= 3√3 A1 N2
[6 marks]

The circle shown has centre O and radius 3.9 cm.

Points A and B lie on the circle and angle AOB is 1.8 radians.

24a.
Find AB. [3 marks]
 Markscheme
METHOD 1
choosing cosine rule (M1)
substituting correctly A1
e.g.
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
AB = √3.92 + 3.92 − 2(3.9)(3.9) cos 1.8

AB = 6.11 (cm) A1 N2
METHOD 2
evidence of approach involving right-angled triangles (M1)
substituting correctly A1
e.g.
x
sin 0.9 = 3.9 ,
1
2
AB = 3.9 sin 0.9

AB = 6.11 (cm) A1 N2
METHOD 3
choosing the sine rule (M1)
substituting correctly A1
e.g.
sin 0.670… sin 1.8
3.9
= AB

AB = 6.11 (cm) A1 N2
[3 marks]

24b. Find the area of the shaded region. [4 marks]

 Markscheme
METHOD 1
reflex
AÔB = 2π − 1.8
(= 4.4832) (A2)
correct substitution
A = 12 (3.9)2 (4.4832 …) A1

area =34.1 (cm2) A1 N2

METHOD 2
finding area of circle
A = π(3.9)2
(= 47.78 …) (A1)
finding area of (minor) sector
A = 12 (3.9)2 (1.8)
(= 13.68 …) (A1)
subtracting M1
e.g.
π(3.9)2 − 0.5(3.9)2 (1.8) ,
47.8 − 13.7
area = 34.1 (cm2) A1 N2
METHOD 3
finding reflex
AÔB = 2π − 1.8
(= 4.4832) (A2)
finding proportion of total area of circle A1
e.g.
2π−1.8
2π
× π(3.9)2 ,
θ
2π
× πr2

area = 34.1 (cm2) A1 N2

[4 marks]

25. Let –
[6 marks]
f(x) = √3e2x sin x + e2x cos x , for
0 ≤ x ≤ π . Solve the equation
f(x) = 0 .
 Markscheme
e2x (√–3 sin x + cos x) = 0 (A1)

e2x = 0 not possible (seen anywhere) (A1)

simplifying
e.g.
–
√3 sin x + cos x = 0 ,
√–3 sin x = − cos x ,
sin x
− cos x
= 1 A1
√3

EITHER
1
tan x = − A1
√3
5π
x= 6
A2 N4

OR
sketch of
30∘ ,
60∘ ,
90∘ triangle with sides
1,
2,
–
√3 A1
work leading to
x = 5π6 A1
verifying
5π
6
satisfies equation A1 N4

[6 marks]

The diagram below shows a triangle ABD with AB =13 cm and AD = 6.5 cm.
Let C be a point on the line BD such that BC = AC = 7 cm.

26a.
Find the size of angle ACB. [3 marks]
 Markscheme
METHOD 1
evidence of choosing the cosine formula (M1)
correct substitution A1
e.g.
72 + 72 − 132
cos AĈB = 2×7×7

AĈB = 2.38 radians

(= 136∘ ) A1 N2
METHOD 2
evidence of appropriate approach involving right-angled triangles (M1)
correct substitution A1
e.g.
6.5
sin( 12 AĈB) = 7

AĈB = 2.38 radians

(= 136∘ ) A1 N2
[3 marks]

26b. Find the size of angle CAD. [5 marks]

 Markscheme
METHOD 1

AĈD = π − 2.381
(180 − 136.4) (A1)
evidence of choosing the sine rule in triangle ACD (M1)
correct substitution A1
e.g.
6.5 7
sin 0.760…
=
sin AD̂C

AD̂C = 0.836 …
(= 47.9 …∘ ) A1

C ÂD = π − (0.760 … + 0.836 …)

(180 − (43.5 … + 47.9 …))
= 1.54
(= 88.5∘ ) A1 N3
METHOD 2

AB̂C = 12 (π − 2.381)
( 12 (180 − 136.4)) (A1)

evidence of choosing the sine rule in triangle ABD (M1)

correct substitution A1
e.g.
6.5 13
sin 0.380…
=
sin AD̂C

AD̂C = 0.836 …
(= 47.9 …∘ ) A1

C ÂD = π − 0.836 … − (π − 2.381 …)

(= 180 − 47.9 … − (180 − 136.4))
= 1.54
(= 88.5∘ ) A1 N3
Note: Two triangles are possible with the given information. If candidate finds
AD̂C = 2.31
(132∘ ) leading to
C ÂD = 0.076
(4.35∘ ) , award marks as per markscheme.
[5 marks]

Let
f(x) = 3 sin x + 4 cos x , for
−2π ≤ x ≤ 2π .

27a. Sketch the graph of f . [3 marks]

 Markscheme

A1A1A1 N3

Note: Award A1 for approximately sinusoidal shape, A1 for end points approximately correct
(−2π, 4)
(2π, 4), A1 for approximately correct position of graph, (y-intercept
(0, 4), maximum to right of y-axis).
[3 marks]

27b. Write down [3 marks]

(i) the amplitude;

(ii) the period;
(iii) the x-intercept that lies between
− π2 and 0.

Markscheme
(i) 5 A1 N1
(ii)
2π (6.28) A1 N1
(iii)
−0.927 A1 N1
[3 marks]

27c. Hence write [3 marks]

f(x) in the form
p sin(qx + r) .

Markscheme
f(x) = 5 sin(x + 0.927) (accept
p=5,
q=1,
r = 0.927 ) A1A1A1 N3
[3 marks]

27d.
Write down one value of x such that [2 marks]
f ′ (x) = 0 .
 Markscheme
evidence of correct approach (M1)
e.g. max/min, sketch of
f ′ (x) indicating roots

one 3 s.f. value which rounds to one of

−5.6,
−2.5,
0.64,
3.8 A1 N2

[2 marks]

27e. Write down the two values of k for which the equation [2 marks]
f(x) = k has exactly two solutions.

Markscheme
k = −5 ,
k = 5 A1A1 N2
[2 marks]

27f. Let [5 marks]

g(x) = ln(x + 1) , for
0 ≤ x ≤ π . There is a value of x, between
0 and
1, for which the gradient of f is equal to the gradient of g. Find this value of x.
 Markscheme
METHOD 1
graphical approach (but must involve derivative functions) M1
e.g.

each curve A1A1

x = 0.511 A2 N2
METHOD 2
1
g′ (x) = x+1
A1

f ′ (x) = 3 cos x − 4 sin x

(5 cos(x + 0.927)) A1
evidence of attempt to solve
g′ (x) = f ′ (x) M1
x = 0.511 A2 N2
[5 marks]

The graph of
y = p cos qx + r , for
−5 ≤ x ≤ 14 , is shown below.

There is a minimum point at (0, −3) and a maximum point at (4, 7) .

28a. Find the value of [6 marks]

(i) p;
(ii) q ;
(iii) r.
 Markscheme
(i) evidence of finding the amplitude (M1)
e.g.
7+3
2
, amplitude
=5
p = −5 A1 N2
(ii) period
= 8 (A1)
q = 0.785
(= 2π8 = π4 ) A1 N2
(iii)
7−3
r= 2
(A1)

r=2 A1 N2
[6 marks]

28b. The equation [1 mark]

y = k has exactly two solutions. Write down the value of k.

Markscheme
k = −3 (accept
y = −3 ) A1 N1
[1 mark]

The diagram below shows a quadrilateral ABCD with obtuse angles

AB̂C and
AD̂C .

AB = 5 cm, BC = 4 cm, CD = 4 cm, AD = 4 cm ,

BÂC = 30∘ ,
AB̂C = x∘ ,
AD̂C = y∘ .

29a. Use the cosine rule to show that

−−−−−−−−−−
[1 mark]
AC = √41 − 40 cos x .
 Markscheme
correct substitution A1
e.g.
25 + 16 − 40 cos x ,
52 + 42 − 2 × 4 × 5 cos x
−−−−−−−−−−
AC = √41 − 40 cos x AG
[1 mark]

29b. Use the sine rule in triangle ABC to find another expression for AC. [2 marks]

Markscheme
correct substitution A1
e.g.
AC
sin x
= sin430 ,
1
2
AC = 4 sin x
AC = 8 sin x (accept
4 sin x
sin 30
) A1 N1

[2 marks]

29c. (i) Hence, find x, giving your answer to two decimal places. [6 marks]

(ii) Find AC .

Markscheme
(i) evidence of appropriate approach using AC M1
e.g.
−−−−−−−−−−
8 sin x = √41 − 40 cos x , sketch showing intersection
correct solution
8.682 …,
111.317 … (A1)
obtuse value
111.317 … (A1)
x = 111.32 to 2 dp (do not accept the radian answer 1.94 ) A1 N2
(ii) substituting value of x into either expression for AC (M1)
e.g.
AC = 8 sin 111.32
AC = 7.45 A1 N2
[6 marks]

29d. (i) Find y. [5 marks]

(ii) Hence, or otherwise, find the area of triangle ACD.

 Markscheme
(i) evidence of choosing cosine rule (M1)
e.g.
a2+ c2 − b2
cos B = 2ac

correct substitution A1
e.g.
42 + 42 − 7.45 2
2×4×4
,
2
7.45 = 32 − 32 cos y ,
cos y = −0.734 …
y = 137 A1 N2
(ii) correct substitution into area formula (A1)
e.g.
1
2
× 4 × 4 × sin 137 ,
8 sin 137
area
= 5.42 A1 N2
[5 marks]

The diagram below shows a circle with centre O and radius 8 cm.

The points A, B, C, D, E and F are on the circle, and [AF] is a diameter. The length of arc ABC is 6 cm.

30a.
Find the size of angle AOC . [2 marks]

Markscheme
appropriate approach (M1)
e.g.
6 = 8θ

AÔC = 0.75 A1 N2
[2 marks]

30b. Hence find the area of the shaded region. [6 marks]

 Markscheme
evidence of substitution into formula for area of triangle (M1)
e.g.
area = 12 × 8 × 8 × sin(0.75)
area
= 21.8 … (A1)
evidence of substitution into formula for area of sector (M1)
e.g.
area = 12 × 64 × 0.75
area of sector
= 24 (A1)
evidence of substituting areas (M1)
e.g.
1 2
2
r θ − 12 ab sin C ,
area of sector − area of triangle
area of shaded region
= 2.19 cm2 A1 N4
[6 marks]

30c. The area of sector OCDE is [2 marks]

45 cm2 .
Find the size of angle COE .

Markscheme
attempt to set up an equation for area of sector (M1)
e.g.
45 = 12 × 82 × θ

C ÔE = 1.40625 (1.41 to 3 sf) A1 N2

[2 marks]

30d. Find EF . [5 marks]

Markscheme
METHOD 1
attempting to find angle EOF (M1)
e.g.
π − 0.75 − 1.41

EÔF = 0.985 (seen anywhere) A1

evidence of choosing cosine rule (M1)
correct substitution A1
e.g.
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−
EF = √82 + 82 − 2 × 8 × 8 × cos 0.985
EF
= 7.57 cm A1 N3
METHOD 2
attempting to find angles that are needed (M1)
e.g. angle EOF and angle OEF

EÔF = 0.9853 … and

OÊF (or OF̂E) = 1.078 … A1
evidence of choosing sine rule (M1)
correct substitution (A1)
e.g.
EF 8
sin 0.985
= sin 1.08

EF
= 7.57 cm A1 N3
METHOD 3
attempting to find angle EOF (M1)
e.g.
π − 0.75 − 1.41

EÔF = 0.985 (seen anywhere) A1

evidence of using half of triangle EOF (M1)
e.g.
x = 8 sin 0.985
2

correct calculation A1
e.g.
x = 3.78
EF
= 7.57 cm A1 N3
[5 marks]
 The following diagram shows the quadrilateral ABCD.

^ C = 44∘ , AC
AD = 6 cm, AB = 15 cm, AB ^ B = 83∘ andDA
^C = θ

Find AC. [3 marks]

31a.

Markscheme
evidence of choosing sine rule (M1)
AC AB
eg
^A
= ^B
sin CB sin AC
correct substitution (A1)
AC 15
eg
sin 44∘
= sin 83∘
10.4981
AC = 10.5 (cm) A1 N2

[3 marks]

31b. Find the area of triangle ABC. [3 marks]

 Markscheme
^ B (seen anywhere)
finding CA (A1)

eg ^ B = 53∘
180∘ − 44∘ − 83∘ , CA
correct substitution for area of triangle ABC A1
1
eg
2
× 15 × 10.4981 × sin 53∘
62.8813

area = 62.9 (cm2 ) A1 N2

[3 marks]

31c. The area of triangle ACD is half the area of triangle ABC. [5 marks]

Find the possible values of θ.

Markscheme
correct substitution for area of triangle DAC (A1)
1
eg
2
× 6 × 10.4981 × sin θ
attempt to equate area of triangle ACD to half the area of triangle ABC (M1)
1
eg area ACD = 2
× area ABC; 2ACD = ABC
correct equation A1
1
eg
2
× 6 × 10.4981 × sin θ = 12 (62.9), 62.9887 sin θ = 62.8813, sin θ = 0.998294
86.6531, 93.3468
θ = 86.7∘ , θ = 93.3∘ A1A1 N2

[5 marks]
 Given that θ is obtuse, find [3 marks]
31d.
CD.

Markscheme
Note: Note: If candidates use an acute angle from part (c) in the cosine rule, award M1A0A0 in part (d).

evidence of choosing cosine rule (M1)

2 2 2
eg CD = AD + AC − 2 × AD × AC × cos θ
correct substitution into rhs (A1)

eg CD = 6 + 10.498 − 2(6)(10.498) cos 93.336 ∘

2 2 2

12.3921
12.4 (cm) A1 N2

[3 marks]

Total [14 marks]

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