SNS College of Technology
Department of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science
III Year
23ITT301 – Internet of Things
S.PRIYADHARSHINI , AP,SNSCT
20-Sep-2025 1
Recap
IPv4– Challenges faced in IPv4
IPv4 – Address types
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Think !!!
Empathy:
Imagine you are in a big city with only a
few parking spots (IPv4 addresses). As
the city grows, more cars arrive, but the
old parking lot cannot fit them anymore.
People start sharing spaces, reusing spots,
or creating temporary arrangements (like
NAT in IPv4).
Now, the city builds a new ultra-modern
parking complex with millions of free
slots (IPv6 addresses). Everyone has their
own space, no need to fight for spots, and
traffic moves smoothly.
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Define
How can the Internet continue to grow when the IPv4 address space (32-
bit) is almost fully used?
- Constraints:
❖Billions of new require unique addresses
❖IPv4 has only about 4.3 billion addresses
❖Workarounds like NAT and subnetting add complexity, not scalability
❖Need for security, mobility, and QoS built into the protocol
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IPv6
Ideate:
If IPv4 is running out of addresses, how do we redesign the Internet protocol?
Definition:
IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6) is the 128-bit addressing protocol developed by
the IETF to overcome IPv4 limitations.
Think of it like expanding a small city into a mega-smart city:
IPv4 = old town with limited houses
IPv6 = futuristic city with unlimited plots, better roads, security cameras, and
faster transport routes.
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Real Time Applications
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IPv6 Address Structure
An IPv6 address is 128 bits long, divided into eight 16-bit
hexadecimal fields. This structure provides a vast range of unique
addresses.
Example: 2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334
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Mindmap of Ipv6 Benefits
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Questions Time
Why was IPv6 introduced when IPv4 was already in use?
What is the main difference between IPv4 and IPv6 addressing formats?
Can you explain what an IPv6 address looks like with an example?
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Puzzle
Puzzle 1 — Imagine a smart classroom where each student has multiple
devices (laptop, smartwatch, phone).
Discuss in pairs:
Why would IPv4 fail here?
How does IPv6 solve it?
Puzzle 2
Task: Expand or Compress IPv6 Addresses
2001:db8::1 → ?
fe80:0000:0000:0000:0202:b3ff:fe1e:8329 → ?
::1 → ?
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