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Process - Linux

This beginner guide covers Linux process management, including how to view, monitor, control, and manage processes using various commands. Key commands include 'ps' for viewing processes, 'top' for real-time monitoring, and methods for killing processes. It also provides practice tasks to reinforce learning and understanding of process management in Linux.

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3 views3 pages

Process - Linux

This beginner guide covers Linux process management, including how to view, monitor, control, and manage processes using various commands. Key commands include 'ps' for viewing processes, 'top' for real-time monitoring, and methods for killing processes. It also provides practice tasks to reinforce learning and understanding of process management in Linux.

Uploaded by

aneesha azgar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Linux Process Management – Beginner

Guide

Introduction
A process is any running program or task on a Linux system. This guide will teach you how to
view, monitor, control, and manage processes using built-in commands.

Viewing Processes
1. Ps
 Shows only processes of the current shell.
2. ps aux
 a: All users
 u: Show user info
 x: Include background processes
 Example:
i. ps aux | less - View all processes, paginated.

Viewing Processes by User


1. Current user:
 ps -u $USER
2. Specific user:
 ps -u username

Identify High Resource Usage


1. Memory:
 ps aux --sort=-%mem | head
2. CPU:
 ps aux --sort=-%cpu | head
Real-Time Monitoring
1. top
 Real-time view of processes.
 Press P: sort by CPU
 Press M: sort by Memory

Killing a Process
1. Find PID:
 ps aux | grep programname
2. Kill normally:
 kill <PID>
3. Force kill:
 kill -9 <PID>

Foreground & Background Processes


1. Run in background:
 sleep 100 &
2. List background jobs:
 Jobs
3. Bring to foreground:
 fg %1
4. Suspend foreground:
 Ctrl + Z
5. Resume in background:
 bg <process_name>

Monitor Specific Process


1. watch -n 1 ps -p <PID> -o pid,ppid,cmd,%mem,%cpu
 Repeats every second.
Additional Useful Commands
1. Pidof
 pidof firefox
 Get PID of a process.
2. Pgrep
 pgrep apache2
 Find process by name.
3. Nice
 nice -n 10 somecommand
 Start a process with a specific priority.
4. Renice
 renice -n 5 -p <PID>
 Change priority of a running process.

Practice Tasks
1. List all processes using ps aux
2. View your user’s processes: ps -u $USER
3. Sort processes by memory usage
4. Use top and htop to analyze performance
5. Run a process in the background and use jobs, fg, and bg
6. Kill a dummy process like sleep
7. Monitor a process with watch
8. Find a process PID using pgrep or pidof

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