MABALACAT CITY STUDIES

MCC101 1st Semester | 3rd Year

○​ on the south by Porac and Angeles

City
TOPIC 1. Mabalacat Salient Features
●​ Accessibility to other cities:
○​ approximately 30 kilometers away
TOPIC OUTLINE from City of San Fernando, capital of
1.​ Geography of Mabalacat the province and accessible via
2.​ People, Economy, and Infrastructure NLEX-MacArthur Highway
○​ approximately 100 kilometers away
3.​ Local Government
from Manila, capital of the country and
accessible via R-8
1 Geography of Mabalacat City Road-EDSA-C4-NLEX-MacArthur
Highway
●​ Mabalacat is one of the cities located in the
Province of Pampanga ELEVATION: 106.3 meters (348.6 feet)
●​ It covers 83.2 Square Kilometers ●​ Most of the built-up areas of the city, located
●​ Based on the 2020, the population of the city on the eastern side, have an elevation between
numbers 293, 244 51 and 100 meters.
●​ Mabalacat City has a total land area of 16,677 has. ●​ The areas within the middle portion of the city,
or 166.77 sq. kms, inclusive of the Clark Freeport specifically those located within the Clark
Zone. It is ranked fourth largest in terms of land Freeport zone, have elevation levels of 100-250
area among the cities and municipalities in meters above sea level.
Pampanga. ●​ The mountainous areas on the western side
have the highest elevation levels with ranges
The city has 27 barangays: greater than 250 meters above sea level.

SLOPES: Several areas of Mabalacat City have varying

slopes.
●​ Most have a slope category of 3-18% (gently
sloping to undulating and moderately sloping
to rolling), indicating that most of the land
resources here are in the developable range.
●​ In the western portion of the city near Tarlac
and Porac, the mountainous areas fall under
the slope category of 30% and above (steep
LOCATION: hills and mountains)
●​ located in the northern part of the Pampanga
province SOIL: Based on the data from Bureau of Soils and Water
●​ Coordinates: 15°9' N and 15°17' N as well as Management (BSWM), Mabalacat City has several soil
coordinates 120°20' E and 120°40' E classifications throughout its terrain.
●​ Nearby cities/municipalities ●​ Angeles Coarse Sand (9.83%)
○​ north by the Municipality of Bamban in ●​ Angeles Sand (1.25%)
the province of Tarlac, ●​ Angeles fine sand (48.56%)
○​ on the east by Magalang, and ●​ Angeles soil (undifferentiated) (40.35%)

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HYDROGRAPHY: The three major bodies of water that POVERTY INCIDENCE

traverse Mabalacat City are:
1.​ Sacobia River: passes through barangays
Tabun, Cacutud, Dolores, Calumpang, and
Macapagal Village
2.​ Sapang Balen River: passes through Sapang
Balen, Paralayunan, Atlu Bola, Mangalit,
Mamatitang, Poblacion, Sta. Ines, San Francisco,
and Marcos Village
3.​ Quitangil River: goes through Dapdap, Economy
Bundagul, Sta. Maria, Sto. Rosario, Mabiga, and
●​ As of March 2017, there were 2,590 registered
Marcos Village
businesses in the city.
●​ Tertiary sector type of business is the most
CLIMATE: The climate type of Mabalacat City belongs to
common economic activity in the city, which
Type 1, which has two pronounced seasons: dry season
includes whole sale & retail, financial
from November to April and wet season during the rest
institution, real estate among others
of the year.

Primary Sector:
2 People, Economy, and Infrastructure 1.​ AGRICULTURAL CROPS
●​ The land area utilized for agriculture is 4,708
has. or more or less 30% of the total land area of
The People
the city.
●​ The major agricultural products of the city are
POPULATION AND DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE (2015) rice and corn.
●​ Based on the 2015 census, Mabalacat’s total ●​ 50 hectares were utilized for vegetable
population was 250,799 with an annual production; 26 farmers and 2 associations were
average growth of 3.07% (2010-2015). engaged in vegetable production (both fruit
●​ Dapdap (54,541; 21.75%) - highest population and leafy vegetables).
●​ Sapang Balen (168; 0.70%) - lowest population ●​ 47.85 hectares were utilized for root crops
production; 54 farmers were engaged in root
DEPENDENCY RATIO (2015) crops production

2.​ LIVESTOCK and POULTRY

●​ In 2016, there was a record of 689 cattle, 939
carabaos, 1794 goats, 1503 native swine, 120,000
chickens, 4,500 ducks and 15 hog raisers.
●​ Backyard production is the most common
classification except for chicken raising which is
commercial
●​ Product market is at the local level only.

3.​ FISHERY

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MCC101 1st Semester | 3rd Year

●​ In 2016, 34.71 hectares of land were utilized for

fish production; 59 farmers were engaged in
3 Local Government
fishing.
●​ Only inland fishing is present in the city.

4.​ QUARRY
●​ The city has 116.13 hectares of land utilized for
sand quarrying, most of which are located at
the Sacobia River.

Secondary Sector:
●​ In 2017, there were 90 registered businesses
classified in the secondary sector, which
include manufacturing (garments,
pharmaceutical handicrafts, ceramics, chairs)
construction, meat processing,
pharmaceutical and among others.
●​ Paper milling and meat processing are among
Disclaimer: Don't mind the colors
the top employers in this sector.

Himno ning Mabalacat

Tertiary Sector:
Balena mayap a amlat
●​ In 2017, 95.33% of the total registered
Balending mayap a dapat
businesses, the most common activity of the
Misaup-saup qñg gunyat
city, is classified as the tertiary sector.
Qñg pañyulung mung masampat
●​ A private hospital and educational institutions
E que paisupil qñg queinan
are among the top employers of this sector.
Ticdo queng mitmung tetagan
Ypucda ca qñg dañgalan
Transportation and Infrastructure O! Balen ming pacamalan
Major roads traversing the city are:
●​ MacArthur National Highway, Mabalacat, mal ming balen
●​ Subic-Clark Tarlac Expressway (SCTEX) and Dañgal mu quequeng banten
●​ North Luzon Expressway (NLEX). Mabalacat, mal mingbalen
Luguranda ca at sesen
Dau Bus Terminal serves as a major terminal for the Lalam mung banuang macule
whole province and in Central Luzon. Masaplala ing quequeng bie
Caring marañgal mingpaque
Ancillary road facilities available in the city are 65 Macatiman in tagumpe
pedestrian crossings, 17 waiting sheds, 755 street lights, Mabalacat…Mabalacat!
2 traffic lights, and 20 road signage. Most of the
ancillary road facilities are located on the national road.

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Fr. Fulgencio noted that in the mountains of Mabalacat,

TOPIC 2. Mabalacat Pre-Colonization there lived more than a thousand Aetas and Balugas.
●​ Problem of resettlement: The natives were, by
and Spanish Colonization Era occupation, hunters and gatherers and as
such, they relied on the mountain resources for
TOPIC OUTLINE their sustenance. The attempts at relocation
1.​ Mabalacat City Description from Cartas drove them to hunger.
●​ The natives were ‘so savage and barbarous
of Fr. Andres de San Fulgencio
whose innate inclination is bow and arrow and
2.​ Beginnings of Mabalacat
the taking of lives, of cutting heads, having
3.​ Mabalacat City in 1818 from Writings of magnatos and feasts, drinking in skulls
Don Yldefonzo de Aragon (Archivo General de Indias, Indice 31, Doc. 94).
4.​ The Mabalacat Parish
5.​ Mabalacat in 1850s to 1870s The Aetas
6.​ Mabalacat in 1880s to 1890s
The Pinatubo Aetas were the first inhabitants of
1 Mabalacat City Description from Mabalacat. Physically, they possessed dark
Cartas of Fr. Andres de San Fulgencio complexion, curly hairs and small body stature. With
this racial phenotype, they belong to the Negroid race.

●​ Cartas are letters written by the Recollect

Early Spanish accounts confirmed their reputations of
Friars to their superiors detailing their
ferocity and notoriety not only among the Spaniards
evangelization efforts, the challenges they
but also among the neighboring Kapampangans and
encountered as well as their achievements.
Ilocanos.
●​ Fr. Andres de San Fulgencio, OAR - founder of
Mabalacat
Pinatubo Aetas lived by hunting and gathering forest
products for family consumption and for trading with
1712 Gen. Martin Ursua y Arizmendi, a its neighbor, the Zambals. They use their bararao, a
governor-general who established long-pointed blade.
the Mabalacat by a decree ●​ They combed the mountains and valleys for
1717 Sept. 3 Finally established Mabalacat as a honey, fruits, edible roots and other forest
community with leaders and people. products. They hunted wild animals such as
boars, deer and carabaos.
It is the latest town to be established
in Pampanga, comparing to other The constant and long standing trade between the
towns in 1500s-1600s Pinatubo Aetas and the Zambals resulted in many
shared cultural practices among the two cultures.
The Mabalacat town was named after the prevalent These included:
tree, which is the Balakat tree (Ziziphus talanai): ●​ magnatos - religious rituals; drinking using the
●​ a fourth class timber (weak wood) skull of the deceased
●​ has anti-microbial properties → medicinal ●​ ambas - chants led by priest or bayo
plant ●​ mangaw - head-taking which shows power
●​ spiny shrubs at young age and authority, etc.

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During the mangaw, brave Pinatubo Aetas hid appointment of its first
themselves behind thick vegetation along travelers’ Gobernadorcillo, Garangan.
route awaiting ambush. When an unfortunate
passer-by traversed the ‘dangerous passage’ The Spanish colonization ended in
(cabalingan) or the ‘scary place’ (pipacdayan), the 1898, with the murder of Father
Pinatubo Aetas began to scream (buyao) and stage Gregorio Bueno de la Virgen del
the heinous attack. If by miracle, the traveler escaped, Romero, OAR, the last Recollect
then he was just ‘scared away’ (mabuyao), if not, then missionary of Mabalacat.
his head became ‘war booty’ (dangin). 1794 Mabalacat remained a small town
having only seventy (70) private
CHALLENGES IN ORGANIZING A TOWN: houses.
1729 The missionaries begged Recollect ●​ Seventeen (17) of these were
Superiors to excuse two-thirds of their made of light materials with
required remittances because the nipa roofs while the other fifty
church collection barely covered the three (53) were made of
expenses. (subsidized by Royal rattan or bamboo walls with
Haciendas until 1729) nipa roofs.
1737 and Reports on disappointment Mabalacat had a modest church and
1750 a convent; both were made of wood
Only few people were organized: with nipa roofs. The combined
●​ 226 Aetas, tributes of the natives and some
●​ 64 married persons, Chinese, called sangleyes, were 123.5.
●​ 89 taxpayers, The Recollect Missions of Mabalacat,
●​ 29 school children, and Capas, Bamban and Patling
●​ 49 catechumens belonged to Pampanga Alta (Upper
Pampanga)
1805-1812 Scarcity of missionaries (due to
(or 1802?) secularization)
2 The Beginnings of Mabalacat
●​ The upper Pampanga
An excerpt from the cartas of Fr. Fulgencio stated: churches (Mabalacat,
“The town of Mabalacat, that began in the year 1717, is
Bamban, and Capas)
currently showing auspicious beginnings, not only in
remained under the
spiritual terms but also temporal, with the fields and
houses that were already made, with many requests Recollects
for baptism and of making the township an excellent
foothold towards the mountains, where, as I already
indicated, it is more convenient and proportionate to
the ends that are being attempted.” 3 Mabalacat in 1818 from Writings of
Don Yldefonzo de Aragon
Mabalacat started as a Mission in 1717 with the arrival Don Yldefonzo de Aragon, a Spanish colonel, travelled
of pioneer Recollect Missionary, Fr. Andres de San around the Philippines in 1818 to look into and write
Fulgencio, OAR.. about the conditions of the Philippine cities, towns and
villages.
1768 The Mission eventually became a
political entity called pueblo with the

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MCC101 1st Semester | 3rd Year

Aragon noted that Mabalacat was a settlement Tabon (Megapodis cumingii), which normally laid eggs
situated on top of a flat hill at the foot of the Zambales on the seashore, was also observed in the town.
Mountains. It was about an hour horse-ride from
Bamban and Capas and about two from Magalan.
4 The Mabalacat Parish
From San Fernando and Culiat, Mabalacat may be
reached by horse carriages via the main road called
Camino Real. 1831 Resumption of the Recollect Mission in
Mabalacat
A creek named Abacan served as the boundary 1836 Mabalacat became a parish under
between the towns of San Fernando and Mabalacat the titular: Nuestra Senora de Gracia
(Yldefonzo de Aragón, Descripción Geográfica y (Our Lady of Grace Church)
Topográfica de la Ysla de Luzon O Nueva Castilla con Bells of Mabalacat
las Particulares de las Diez y Seis Provincias O Partidos
1835 These were at foundry of Macario de
que Comprehende (Ciudad de Manila: Imprenta de D.
los Angeles in Quiapo, Manila
Manuel Mimije, por D. Anastacio Gonzaga, 1819), 16.)
1834-1843 The bell was brought to Mabalacat
during the spiritual administration of
From Mabalacat, about half an hour travel towards the
Fr. Jose F. Varela dela Consolacion
west, were the foothills of Zambales Mountain ranges
which formed the boundary between the Provinces of 1846 The second bell was molded. It was
Pampanga and Zambales. The foothills were identified dedicated to Nuestra Señora de
as: Grasia (sic), the patron saint of
●​ Mt. Panialayan, Mabalacat. It was also manufactured
●​ Mt. Babandapo, at the foundry of Macario de los
●​ Mt. Monicayo, Angeles in Quiapo, Manila.
●​ Mt. Bunagatan, and
●​ Mt. Tandioay.
In these mountains, grew many kinds of wood like: The Mabalacat in 1850s to 1870s
5
●​ Sibucao (Caesalpinia sappan Linn.),
●​ Palms,
●​ Cañas Bojas, 1851 During this time, Mabalacat was
●​ Buri and administered by a Recollect Priest, Fr.
●​ Vejucos. Cipriano Angos del Rosario and a
These woods were good for building constructions. gobernadorcillo, Don Miguel Cuyson.
Wild mangoes, called pajo, with very small green fruits Together with its visita, Bambang, the
were also observed to be in abundance at Mabalacat. town had 747 houses, a town hall, a
public primary school and a jail. The
Draining Mabalacat were various rivers of crystal clear church and the convent were the
waters like Quitangil, Sapangbalayan, Paruao and prominent landmarks of the town. The
Mangalit. Bridges were built over these creeks and rivers town had 4,482 residents who, in 1845,
while Mangalit had a dam for water irrigation. paid 903 tributes.

There were also animals noted like deer, cordos, and

carabaos. There were birds such as parrots called
Catatua and other special birds. A rare bird, called

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MCC101 1st Semester | 3rd Year

Mabalacat Became a Part of 5 The Mabalacat in 1880s to 1890s

Comandancia Militar de Tarlac
●​ The Spaniards painted a horrible portrait of Ferrocarril de Manila
them: barbarous, hostile, treacherous, lazy,
1883, May 11 The approval of Ferrocarril de
merciless, shrewd, and deceitful negrito bandits
Manila a Dagupan
and robbers. They were armed with spears,
(Manila-Dagupan Railway) by a
axes, bows and arrows and were engaged in
royal decree
witchcraft.
1891, March 25 First Section - Manila to Bagbag
●​ Fr. Juan Perez de Santa Lucia, the Missionary of
Mabalacat and Capas, had to beg the 1892, Feb. 19 Second Section - Bagbag to
Governor General, invoking the name of Queen Mabalacat and extended to Tarlac
Isabel II, for the protection of the Pinatubo
Aetas. Third Section - Tarlac to Dagupan
●​ In Capas, 11 Aetas were killed. Impact to Mabalacat: It completely erased the age-old
●​ Aeta attacks led to the establishment of notion that Mabalacat was a remote, out-of-the-way
Comandancias Militares de Tarlac (1857) and frontier settlement where unsuspecting travelers may
Porac (1862) be robbed or killed by barbaric Pinatubo Aetas.

Separation of Mabalacat and Bamban Mabalacat Became a Part of

1875 The Governor of the Politico-Militar Comandancia Militar de Tarlac
de Tarlac presented a petition ●​ The Propagandistas and the Katipunan
before the Vicaria Capitular de ●​ The revolution in Tarlac was led by Gen.
Manila for the creation of the Francisco Makabulos (First Cry of Tagumpay in
Mission of Bamban. La Paz, Tarlac)
●​ He worked with Maj. Servillano Aquino
The Vicaria Foranea of Pampanga (Capitan Municipal, Murcia, Tarlac)
and Fr. Felix Perez dela Soledad, the ●​ In 1897 - they attacked Mabalacat
Parish Priest of Mabalacat ●​ July 1898 – another attacked in Mabalacat
supported the petition. ●​ The murder of Fr. Gregorio Bueno de la Virgen
1876, Feb. 3 The Vicaria Capitular de Manila del Romero (died July 10, 1898).
formally declared the erection of a
Mission in Bamban, Province of
The Curse of Padre Bueno
Tarlac, separate from its mother
●​ Did Don Marcelo Tiglao order the killing?
Parish, Mabalacat, Province of
What was the cause of the curse?
Pampanga.
●​ Another version: The Priest impregnated a
woman. The Family had the Priest kidnapped
As early as 1734, non-Aeta Christian converts from the
and killed in Capas, Tarlac.
abandoned Recollect Missions of Alupay, Talimarin and
●​ Another version: The Priest kept a hoard of Gold
Dinalupijan settled at Mabalacat. In 1794, there were
in the Parish that stirred up the interest of the
already Chinese settlers in town. And throughout the
patriarch.
years, migrants from the neighboring Kapampangan
●​ Was the curse for the town or the family?
towns settled at Mabalacat, making it a predominantly
Kapampangan speaking town.

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A witness recounted about the murder: Fr. Bueno on a

horse-drawn cart flanked by two guards. Hours later, TOPIC 3. Mabalacat during the
word of his execution reached him.
American Colonization
It was said that Fr. Bueno was forced to stand in a pit
that was to be his grave, and, before being boloed to TOPIC OUTLINE
death, uttered his curse in Kapampangan. 1.​ Creation of Clark Field
Signs of the SUMPA then:
2.​ Clark After the War
1.​ The plagues from Clark’s toxic waste,
3.​ Clark and Mabalacat
2.​ The devastation of the northern part of the town
by Mount Pinatubo,
3.​ Rains during graduation rites of the old High The Battle of Angeles was fought on August 16, 1899,
Schools in Mabalacat, when U.S. Army forces under General Arthur MacArthur
4.​ Closure of Business in Mabalacat captured the strategically important town of Angeles
from Filipino defenders.

1 Creation of Clark Field

1902 It started as Fort Stotsenberg (old

name of Clark) which was named
after John M. Stotsenberg
●​ captain of 6th US Cavalry
●​ colonel in 1st Nebraska
Volunteers (killed in
Bulacan)
Intended to become a stable for
the horses of the 5th Cavalry
1903 Pres. Theodore Roosevelt officially
declared the Fort as a military
reservation and camp
1908, May 18 The camp extended from part of
Angeles to a huge portion of
Mabalacat (west end of Dolores)
with 156,204 acres of land, under
the US War Depot Order 85.
The Fort was described as:
●​ “A lonely, dreary waste for years”
●​ “Old lumber or mining camp”
●​ Death Valley due to Malaria epidemic
Hence, Gen. Leonard Wood supported the conversion of
the camp into a training ground for the garrison's
mobile army.

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MCC101 1st Semester | 3rd Year

1920 Brig. Gen. Johnson Hagood 2 Clark After the War

established the Brisk Construction
Massive reconstruction:
Program to convert the fort to a
●​ liberation barracks
more lively one. Therefore, they
●​ base operation buildings
built:
●​ post office
●​ barn houses (33), nurse's
●​ movie theater
quarters, new post meat
●​ golf course
market, new sewerage
●​ officer's club and restaurants
system
●​ Clark Air Base Officers' Open Mass (CABOOM)
●​ schools (Wood and Dean C.
●​ religious facilities
Worcester School)
Establishments/constructions after the war:
●​ sports facilities
●​ Clark Air Base Headquarters (Mini Pentagon)
●​ activities: picnics, carnivals,
●​ Nurses' Headquarters (PLDT)
song and dance festivals
●​ Dumpsite for old aircraft parts
1919 They converted the military reserve ●​ Silver Wing Recreation Center
to an airbase, where a small strip of ●​ Kelly Theater (named after Lt. Colin P. Kelly)
land was merged with the Fort. ●​ Clark Veterans Cemetery
●​ The Clark Hospital (April 1964 - 200 bed
The merging included the name capacity)
change of the entire camp into ●​ 1983 - SATNET - Live television from the US
Clark Air Base. It is named after Mainland
Maj. Harold Clark from US Army ●​ 1984 - The New Commissary was established
Signal Corps.

The airbase has eventually become Military Base Agreements

the largest US air base outside the It was signed on March 14, 1947
US land, and the only airdrome ●​ January 7, 1979 - The Philippines gain
west of Hawaii. jurisdiction over Clark Air Base
●​ The Air Base deployed its first US airplane, the ●​ A Salakot Arc was created to commemorate
DeHavilland DH-4 the event
●​ They were having regular target practice at ●​ Clark Air Base Command (CABCOM)
Camp O' Donnell.
1841, Dec. 8 attack in Clark (lunch time) and 3 Mabalacat in American Colonization
Pearl Harbor, where 142 aircrafts The creation of Clark as Clark Freeport and Special
were destroyed Economic Zone in 1992 (RA 7227)
●​ Clark as an area dedicated to Tourism, Trade,
Gen. MacArthur activated War Plan and Business in Central Luzon
Orange ●​ In 1994, Clark was used as a site for the
Country's Premier International Airport (Pres.
They used the Lily Hill as an Fidel Ramos)
observation point. ○​ 93467 = jobs created at Clark Freeport
and Special Economic Zone in 2016

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MCC101 1st Semester | 3rd Year

○​ 895 = registered locators in Clark in

2016
○​ 1.64 billion = gross revenue in 2016

Dau, was known as “Made in USA”, is the biggest village

and commercial center selling Price Exchange Goods
such as:
●​ Hanes Shirts, Fruit of the Loom Shirts, Levi's
Denim, Piknik, M&M, Toblerone, Washington
Apples, Pringles, Dove Soaps, which were not
available in local supermarkets at that time.

Azucarera de Mabalacat (1928)

●​ located at Hacienda Concepcion traversing to
Barrio Dolores, managed by Benjamin Green
●​ On April 1926, he loaned money to Cu Unjieng
Hijos for improvements
●​ The sugar mill had huge financial setbacks
which lose the jobs of families: Tiglao, Dizon,
Ramos, Castro, Dela Cruz, Dominguez

The Public Education System

●​ Mabalacat Elementary School was established
in 1910.
●​ In 1097, the Gabaldon Act appropriated P1M to
construct schools all over the country
●​ Land was donated by Mrs. Rufino Angeles de
Ramos (through the help of Atty. Francisco
Siopongco Sr.)

New Municipal Hall

●​ It was rebuilt as a one-level building during
American time.
●​ Much later, during the American occupation,
the civil government had a Municipal Building
built. The office building used to be a one floor
affair, measuring 30 meters wide by 35 meters
long. It was remolded during the term of Jose L.
Mendoza, expanded it to become a 2-storey
bulding.

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MCC101 1st Semester | 3rd Year

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11 MCC101 | Mabalacat Studies: History, Culture, and Arts