Republic of the Philippines

CEBU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

MAIN CAMPUS
M J. Cuenco Avenue Cor. R. Palma Street, Cebu City, Philippines
Website: http://www.ctu.edu.phe-mail: [email protected]
Phone: +6332 4024060 loc.1124

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF A
TWO STOREY PROGRAM
CONCRETE PROGRAM

Designed by: Covero, Wel John L.

BSCE 3-6 Student

Submitted by: Engr. Ryan P. Luciano, Ryan P.

Luciano, MSCE, RMP

0
 TWO STOREY FRAMING PLAN (SCALE 1:200)
L2

MEMBER PEOPERTIES: FIGURE

L1, SpanWJC
= 5 1.0
meters
L2, Span = 3 meters
S1, Spacing = 6 meters
Beam (Longitudinal) = 400 mm x 400 mm
Beam (Traverse) = 400 mm x 500 mm
Beam (Interior) = 400 mm x 380 mm
Column (Corner) = 750 mm x 750 mm
Column (Edge) = 750 mm x 450 mm
Column (Interior) = 750 mm x 750 mm
Thickness of slab = 125 mm
NOTE: ALL dimensions are CENTER TO CENTER. In analysis, use CLEAR
SPAN on all structural members.

1
 FOOTING SCHEDULE
Concrete, compressive strength f’c= 20.7 MPa & Steel, yield strength fy= 275 MPa
Footi Support Location Footin Size (m Reinforcem Bar Remar
ng ID ed Type g Type ×m× ent (Main Spacin ks
Column thicknes Bars) g
s) (mm)
F1 C1 Corner Isolate 2.25 × 16 mm Ø @ 150 Corner
d 2.25 × bottom both footing
Footing 0.50 ways

F2 C2 Edge Isolate 2.0 × 2.0 12 mm Ø @ 150 Edge

d × 0.50 bottom both footing
Footing ways
F3 C3 Corner Isolate 2.25 × 16 mm Ø @ 150 Corner
d 2.25 × bottom both footing
Footing 0.50 ways
F4 C4 Edge Isolate 2.0 × 2.0 12 mm Ø @ 150 Edge
d × 0.50 bottom both footing
Footing ways
F5 C5 Interior Isolate 2.25 × 16 mm Ø @ 150 Heavies
d 2.25 × bottom both t loaded
Footing 0.50 ways footing
F6 C6 Edge Isolate 2.0 × 2.0 12 mm Ø @ 150 Edge
d × 0.50 bottom both footing
Footing ways
F7 C7 Corner Isolate 2.25 × 16 mm Ø @ 150 Corner
d 2.25 × bottom both footing
Sla Typ Slab Location Footing
Main Short
0.50 Long
ways Remarks
b e thickne Descriptio & directio directio
F8
ID C8 ss Edge n Isolate
Temp 2.0 ×n,2.0 12 mmn, Ø @ 150 Edge
d bars × 0.50
Main bottom
Main both footing
Footing bars ways
bars
S1
F9 Two-C9125 mm Corner
Top-left bigIsolate
16mm 2.25
150/200
× 150/200
16 mm Ø @Use,150 125mm thick slab
Corner
Way panel d Ø, 2.25 ×Ø
mm mm Ø
bottom both with 16mmØ rebar
footing
Slab Footing 0.50 ways (Grade40) spaced;
along short span
SLAB SCHEDULE top/bot - 150/200: long
span 150/200
Concrete, compressive strength f’c= 20.7 MPa & Steel, yield strength fy= 275o.c.
MPa
PROJECT: TWO STOREY BUILDING CONCRETE PROGRAM STRUCTURAL
S2 One-
DESIGN125 mm Side edge 10 200 mm 300 mm Use, 125mm thick slab
Way
PREPARED BY: WELpanels mm
JOHN L. COVERO, Ø 3-6
BSCE Ø with 10mmØ Grade
Slab Ø, 12 (60) rebar spaced
SUBMITTED TO: ENGR. RYAN P. LUCIANO, MSCE, RMP
mm Ø @200mm at support,
Location Size Main Ties (Ø mm Remarks
top bars / 200mm at
midspan, bottom bars /
2
12mm Temp bars O.C
COLUMNS SCHEDULE
Concrete, compressive strength f’c= 20.7 MPa & Steel, yield strength fy= 275 MPa
Column ID Type (mm Bars @ Spacing
× mm)
mm)
C1 Corner 400 x 16–10 10 mm Ø @ Bottom-left
Column 400 mm Ø 100 mm corner
C2 Edge 400 × 22–12 10 mm Ø @ Bottom
Column 500 mm Ø 100 mm edge
C3 Corner 400 x 16–10 10 mm Ø @ Bottom-
Column 400 mm Ø 100 mm right corner
C4 Edge 400 x 22–12 10 mm Ø @ Middle left
Column 500 mm Ø 100 mm edge
C5 Interior 400 × 28–10 10 mm Ø @ Higher axial
Column 380 mm Ø 100 mm load
C6 Edge 400 × 22–12 10 mm Ø @ Middle right
Column 500 mm Ø 100 mm edge
C7 Corner 400 × 16–10 10 mm Ø @ Top-left
Column 400 mm Ø 100 mm corner
C8 Edge 400 × 22–12 10 mm Ø @ Top edge
Column 500 mm Ø 100 mm
C9 Corner 400 × 16–10 10 mm Ø @ Top-right
Column 400 mm Ø 100 mm corner

3
Beam Location Span Width Depth Main Main Stirrups Clear Remarks
ID Type (m) (bw, (h, Bars Bars (Ø mm Cover
mm) mm) (Top) (Bottom @ (mm)
) Spacing
mm)
B1 Longitudina 4.0 300 400 4-20 2-20 mm 10 mm 40 Along
l Edge mm Ø Ø@ external
Ø 100 mm frame (L)
B2 Longitudina 4.0 300 400 4-20 2-20 mm 10 mm 40 Along
l Edge mm Ø Ø@ external
Ø 100 mm frame (L)
B3 Transverse 3.0 300 400 4-20 2-20 mm 10 mm 40 Edge beam
Edge mm Ø Ø@ (T)
Ø 100 mm
B4 Transverse 3.0 300 400 4-20 2-20 mm 10 mm 40 Intermediate
Center mm Ø Ø@ beam (T)
Ø 100 mm
B5 Longitudina 4.0 300 400 4-20 2-20 mm 10 mm 40 Interior
l Center mm Ø Ø@ beam (L)
Ø 100 mm
B6 Transverse 3.0 300 400 4-20 2-20 mm 10 mm 40 End
Edge mm Ø Ø@ transverse
Ø 100 mm support (T)
B7 Longitudina 4.0 300 400 4-20 2-20 mm 10 mm 40 Center
l Center mm Ø Ø@ longitudinal
Ø 100 mm beam (L)

4
ANALYSIS OF CONTINOUOS BEAMS using ACI
Moments COEEFICIENTS

where; Beam designation: B1 and B2 (Top row; across L1)

Concrete properties:
Concrete strength, fc = 20.7 MPa
Steel yield strength, fy = 275 MPa
Super-imposed Dead load = 2.00 kPa
Floor Live Load = 3.90 kPa
Unit weight of concrete = 23.6 kN/m²

a. Assumed beam section:

Short span, L * 1 = 5 - 0.4 = 4.6m

5
Long span, 0.2 = 5 - 0.4 = 4.6m
Width, b / bw = 450 mm
Overall height, h = 900 mm
Slab thickness, tf = 200 mm
Concrete cover, cc = 35 mm
Main bar, db = 28mm Ø
Stirrups, da = 10 mm Ø (2-legs)

b. Calculate total factored loads:

@Dead load:
Self weight = ycon x Area = 23.6 x 0.450 x 0.90m = 9.558 kN/m
Slab from 2S1 = 14.25 kN / m
Slab from 2S2 = 12.58 kN / m
Total Dead load = 9.558 +14.25+12.58 = 36.388 kN/m

@Live load:
Beam live load = 3.90 x 0.450 =1.755 kN/m
Slab from 251 = 12.83 kN / m
Slab from 252 = = 11.28 kN / m
Total LL = 1.755 + 12.83 + 11.28 = 25.865 kN / m

@Total factored load:

Wu = 1.2 DL+1.6LL = 1.2(36.388) +1.6(25.865) = 85.0496 kN/m

6
c. Calculate the moments using moment and shear coefficients:
M1 = -1/24 WuL12 = -1/24 (85.0496) (9.60)2 = -326.59 kN.m
M2 = +1/14 WuL12 = +1/14 (85.0496) (9.60)2 = 559.87 kN.m
M3 = -1/9 WuL12 = -1/9 (85.0496) (9.60)2 = -870.91 kN.m
M2 = +1/14 WuL12 = +1/14 (85.0496) (9.60)2 = 559.87 kN.m
M5 = -1/24 WuL12 = -1/24 (85.0496) (9.60)2 = -326.59 kN.m

d. Compute the required steel area at interior supports (Negative

Moment):
where; Mu (maximum negative moment) = -870.91 kN.m
deff = 900– 35– 10– 28/2 = 841 mm
Rn = Mu / Øbd2 = 870.91 x 106 / 0.90 x 450 x 8412 = 3.04 MPa
Preq = 0.85 fc / fy (1-√1- 2Rn/0.85fc) = 0.85 x 28 / 414 (1-√1-
2(3.040/0.85 x 28) = 0.00788
Thus; Preq = 0.00788 > Pmin= 0.00388; USE Preq!! ✓✓

@Total Area of Steel

Ast= Preq x bd = 0.00788 x 450 (841) = 2982.186 mm2
where, 28mm Ø main bar:
n= Ast / Ab = 2982.186 / π/4 (28)2 = 4.843159 = say 5 – 28 mm
Ø on top bars!

e. Design the 10mm Ø stirrups:

@ Shear at interior supports:

7
V = 1.15/2 WuLn =1.15/2 (85.0496) (9.60) = 469.47 kN
Vu = V – Wu x d = 469.47 - 85.0496 (0.841) = 397.94 kN
Vc = 1/6 √fc x bd = 1/6 √28 x 450(841) = 333.76 kN
Vs = Vu / Ø -Vc = 397.94 / 0.75 - 333.76= 196.83 kN

@Required spacing of 10 mm Ø (2-legs) stirrups:

S = Avfyt.d / Vs = 2 (π/4 (10)2 x 276(841) / 196830 = 185.239 =
say 150mm (GOVERNS)

@checking Smax:
2/6√fc x bd = 2/6 √28 x 450(841) = 667.52 Kn > Vs = 196.83 kN
Thus, Smax1= d/2 = 841/2 = 420.5
Smax2 = 450mm

f. Compute the required steel

Consider the maximum positive moment:
where, Mu = +559.87 kN.m

@Analyzed as beams with flange (T-beams)

Effective flange width:
a. Ln / 4 = 9600/4 = 2400mm
b. bw + 16tf = 450 + 16(200) = 3650mm
c. center-to-center spacing g = 5000mm
Therefore, use berr = 2400 mm.

8
@ Assume depth of compression block: a < tf:
Mu = Ø Asfy(d-tf/2)
Where, As = Mu / Øfy (d-t/2) = +559.87 x 106 / 0.90 x 414 x (841-
200/200 = 1808.18 mm2
Thus, C =T: 0.85fc'ab = Asfy
0.85 * 28a * 2400 = 1808.18 x 414; a=13.10 mm < tf = 175mm
THUS. Analyzed as Singly RC beam

@ Coefficient of Resistance
Rn = Mu / Øbd2 = 559.87 x 106 / 0.90 x 2400 x 8412 = 0.366
MPa > Pmin = 0.00388
Therefore, use p = 4/3Preq = 4/3 (0.00388) = 0.005173

@Total area of steel:

Apbd = 0.005173 x 2400 x 841 = 10441.18 mm²

@Required 28 mm Ø main bar:

n= Ast / Ab = 10441.18/ π/4 (28)2 = 16.95678 = say 17 – 28 mm
Ø on bottom bars!!

g. Compute the required steel area at end supports (Negative

moment):
where, Mu = -326.59 kN.m
deff = 900– 35– 10– 28/2 = 841 mm
Rn = Mu / Øbd2 = -326.59 x 106 / 0.90 x 450 x 8412 = 1.14 MPa
Preq = 0.85 fc / fy (1-√1- 2Rn/0.85fc) = 0.85 x 28 / 414 (1-√1-
2(1.14/0.85 x 28) = 0.00201

9
Thus; Preq = 0.00201 > Pmin= 0.00388; USE Pmin!! ✓✓

@Total Area of Steel

Ast= Pmin x bd = 0.00388 x 450 (841) = 1468.286 mm2
where, 28mm Ø main bar:
n= Ast / Ab = 1468.286 / π/4 (28)2 = 2.3847 = 3 – 28 mm Ø on
top bars!

H. Concentrated Load transmitted to girders.

Girder designation: 2G 1/1 2G 1/2 2G 1/3 2G 2/1 2G 2/2 2G 2/3
Dead load: ½ x 36.388 x 9.60 = 174.6624
Live load: ½ x 25.865 x 9.60 = 124.152

rho req = 0.85fc^ prime fy [1- sqrt 1- 2R pi 0.85fc ]= 0.85(28)

414 [1- sqrt 1- 2(1.54) 0.85(28) ]=0.00409> rho min =0.00338

DL = 1/2 * 34.33 * 9.6 = 164.78kN LL = 1/2 * 26.03 * 9.6 =

124.94kN

10
 TABULATED SCHEDULES OF FOOTINGS:
DESIGN OF UNIAXIALLY LOADED ISOLATED FOOTING
Reference Code : NSCP 2015
Footing ID : F1 (Classification: Corner)
Materials Properties and Design Information:
Compressive Strength of Concrete [ f ' c] = 20.7 N/mm²
Yield strength of reinforcement [ f y] = 275 N/mm²
Unit weight of Soil [ ys] = 18 kN/m³
Unit weight of Concrete [ yc] = 23.5 kN/m³
2
Allowable soil bearing pressue [ σall] = 290 kN/ m
NSCP Code Requirements:
Concrete cover to reinforcement [cc] = 75 mm
Reduction factor for shear and torsion [ Øv ] = 0.75
Reduction factor for tension controlled section [ Øb] = 0.9
Beta factor for concrete strength [β] = 0.85
Concrete strength modification factor [ λ] = 1.0
Mi n. of cc + db,x/2 and s x/2 [ cbx] = 83.0 mm
Mi n. of cc + db,y /2 and s y /2 [ cby ] = 83.0 mm
Factor used to modify development length based on reinf. location [ ψ 1] = 1.0
Factor used to modify development length based on reinf. coating [ ψ e] = 1.0
Factor used to modify development length based on reinf. size [ ψ s] = 1.0
Minimum effective depth of footing [ dmin] = 150 mm
Mi n. cl ear spaci ng b/ n mai n r ei nf or cement , max of ( db, 25) [ smin] = 25 mm
Max. spacing of main reinforcement, [380(280)/fs] - 2.5cc [ smax] = 393 mm
Balanced Steel ratio, [0.85ßfc'/fy][600/(600+fy)] [ ρ bal] = 3.7 %
Maxi mum st eel r at i o, 0. 75ρ bal [ ρ max] = 2.8 %
Design Forces and Section Properties:
Service axial dead load [Pd] = 20 kN
Service axial live load [Pl] = 1.2 kN
Service bending moment [Ms] = 5 kN.m
Ultimate bending moment [Mu] = 5 kN.m
Thickness of footing [h] = 500 mm
Width of footing parallel to X-axis [Wx] = 2000 mm
Width of footing parallel to Y-axis [Wy] = 2000 mm
Width of column parallel to X-axis [Cx] = 400 mm
Width of column parallel to Y-axis [Cy] = 400 mm
Founding depth [Y] = 1000 mm
Designed Reinforcement:
Classification of Actual
Bar size Qty.
Reinforcement Spacing
Parallel to X-axis 16mmØ 10 pc(s) 204mm
Parallel to Y-axis 16mmØ 10 pc(s) 204mm
11

z z
 y z z

x x

plan section thru x-x section thru y-y

Overall Design Safety Factor

Soil Bearing Punching Beam shear Beam shear Flexure Cap. Flexure Cap. Code
Pressure Shear along X-axis along Y-axis about X-axis about Y-axis Requirements
Safe Design! Safe Design! N/A Safe Design! N/A Safe Design! Safe design!

Check for actual soil bearing pressure:

Value of kern, Wx/3 [k] = 666.7 mm
Eccentricity of load, Ps/Ms (the resultant load acts within the kern) [e] = 73 mm
Maxi mum soi l pr essur e, ( Ps/A) + (Msc/I) or 2Ps/3Wy a [ σ s,max] = 21 kPa
Mi ni mum soi l pr essur e, ( Ps/A) - (Msc/I) or zero [ σ s,min] = 13 kPa
Value of "a", (Wx/2) - e [a] = 927 mm
Maxi mum ul t i mat e soi l pr essur e, ( Pu/A) + (Muc/I) or 2Ps/3Wy a [ σ u,max] = 28 kPa
Mi ni mum ul t i mat e soi l pr essur e, ( Ps/A) - (Muc/I) or zero [ σ u,min] = 20 kPa
Ps Pu
Ms Mu

0kPa 0kPa
-21kPa 0kPa -25
-28 0kPa
-28kPa

Soil Bearing Pressure (SLS) Soil Bearing Pressure (ULS)

12

Safety factor for soil bearing pressure, σall/σs [FOS] = ## > 1.0, Safe Design!
Check for punching shear:
Ultimate axial load, 1.4Pd + 1.7Pl [Pu] = 30.0 kN
2
Ultimate soil pressure [ σu] = 27.7 kN/ m
Ultimate Punching Shear, Pu - σu(Cx+dave)(Cy+dave) [Vu] = 14.8 kN
Nominal strength provided by concrete, min(Vc,1, Vc,2, Vc,3) [ Øv Vc] = 1505.4 kN
Eff ect i ve per i met er cr i t i cal f or punchi ng, 2[ ( Cx +dave)+(Cy +dave)][bo] = 3236 mm
Ratio of long side to short side of column [ β] = 1
Factor for column position, 40=int., 30=edge, 20=corner [ α s] = 20
Average effective depth of footing, (dx+dy)/2 [ dave] = 409 mm
Øv (1/6)(1 + 2/β)λ sqrt(f'c)bo d Vc,1 = 2258.1 kN
Øv (1/12)[(α s d/bo) + 2] λ sqrt(f'c)bo d Vc,2 = 1704.1 kN
Øv (1/3)λ sqrt(f'c)bo d Vc,3 = 1505.4 kN
Safety factor forpunching shear, Vc/Vu [FOS] = 101.38 > 1.0, Safe Design!
Check for beam shear:
Shear capacity along y-axis
Beam width along y-axis, Wy [by,v] = 2000 mm
Beam length along y-axis, [(Wx-Cx)/2) - dave [Ly,v] = 391 mm
Ultimate beam shear along x-axis, σu(by,v)(Ly,v) [Vu,y] = 22 kN
Nomi nal Shear St r engt h Pr ovi ded by Concr et e, Øv (0.17)λsqrt[f'c] [Vc,y] bd = 474.5 kN
Safety factor forpunching shear, Vc,y/Vu,y [FOSy,v] = 21.87 > 1.0, Safe Design!
Check for Flexure Capacity:
Bending capacity about y-axis
Foot i ng wi dt h t o be consi der ed about y- axi s, Wy [ by,m] = 2000 mm
Foot i ng l engt h about y- axi s, [ Wx x -C ]/2 [ Ly,m] = 800 mm
Ul t i mat e bendi ng moment about x- axi s, σ u(by,m)(Ly,m)(Ly,m/2) [ Muy ] = 17 kN.m
Ar ea of st eel r eq' d, [ 0. 85f ' c/fy ]{1-sqrt[1-(1-2Rn/0.85f'c)]}by,mdave[ Asy,req] = 166 mm²
Mi n. fl ex. r ei nf or cement , max. of [ sqr t ( f ' c)by,mdave/(4fy ),1.4bd[ave/fy ] ]
Asy,min = 4165 mm²
Ar ea of st eel pr ovi ded about x- axi s, Ab,y (N)(by ,m) [ Asy,prov ] = 2010.6 mm²
Dept h of Compr essi ve St r ess bl ock, Asy,prov fy /0.85f'c by,m [ ay,m] = 15.71 mm
Locat i on of t he Neut r al Axi s f r om compr essi on fi ber , ay,m/β [ cy,m] = 18.49 mm
Moment Capaci t y of t he sect i on, Øb 0.85f'c ay,m by,m (dave- ay,m/2) [ Mcap,y ] = 199.6 kN.m
Saf et y f act or f or Bendi ng, Mcap,y /Mu,y [ FOSy,m] = 11.9 > 1.0, Safe Design!
Code Requirements:
Devel opment l engt h al ong x- axi s, [ f y ψ1ψeψs/(1.1λsqrt(f'c)(cb+ktr)/db]db = 352 mm OK!
Devel opment l engt h al ong y- axi s, [ f y ψ1ψeψs/(1.1λsqrt(f'c)(cb+ktr)/db]db = 352 mm OK!
Spacing of reinforcement along x-axis = 204 mm OK!
Spacing of reinforcement along y-axis = 204 mm OK!
Footing thickness = 500 mm OK!

Therefore, use 2000mm x 2000 mm x 500 mm thick footing with 10Nos. of 16mmØ rebar parallel to X-axis,
and 10Nos. of 16mmØ rebar parallel to Y-axis,

13
DESIGN OF UNIAXIALLY LOADED ISOLATED FOOTING
Reference Code : NSCP 2015
Footing ID : F2 (Classification: Edge)
Materials Properties and Design Information:
Compressive Strength of Concrete [ f ' c] = 20.7 N/mm²
Yield strength of reinforcement [ f y] = 275 N/mm²
Unit weight of Soil [ ys] = 18 kN/m³
Unit weight of Concrete [ yc] = 23.5 kN/m³
2
Allowable soil bearing pressue [ σall] = 290 kN/ m
NSCP Code Requirements:
Concrete cover to reinforcement [cc] = 75 mm
Reduction factor for shear and torsion [ Øv ] = 0.75
Reduction factor for tension controlled section [ Øb] = 0.9
Beta factor for concrete strength [β] = 0.85
Concrete strength modification factor [ λ] = 1.0
Mi n. of cc + db,x/2 and s x/2 [ cbx] = 86.0 mm
Mi n. of cc + db,y /2 and s y /2 [ cby ] = 86.0 mm
Factor used to modify development length based on reinf. location [ ψ 1] = 1.0
Factor used to modify development length based on reinf. coating [ ψ e] = 1.0
Factor used to modify development length based on reinf. size [ ψ s] = 1.0
Minimum effective depth of footing [ dmin] = 150 mm
Mi n. cl ear spaci ng b/ n mai n r ei nf or cement , max of ( db, 25) [ smin] = 25 mm
Max. spacing of main reinforcement, [380(280)/fs] - 2.5cc [ smax] = 393 mm
Balanced Steel ratio, [0.85ßfc'/fy][600/(600+fy)] [ ρ bal] = 3.7 %
Maxi mum st eel r at i o, 0. 75ρ bal [ ρ max] = 2.8 %
Design Forces and Section Properties:
Service axial dead load [Pd] = 20 kN
Service axial live load [Pl] = 1.2 kN
Service bending moment [Ms] = 12.5 kN.m
Ultimate bending moment [Mu] = 13 kN.m
Thickness of footing [h] = 500 mm
Width of footing parallel to X-axis [Wx] = 2250 mm
Width of footing parallel to Y-axis [Wy] = 2250 mm
Width of column parallel to X-axis [Cx] = 400 mm
Width of column parallel to Y-axis [Cy] = 400 mm
Founding depth [Y] = 1250 mm
Designed Reinforcement:
Classification of Actual
Bar size Qty.
Reinforcement Spacing
Parallel to X-axis 22mmØ 12 pc(s) 189mm
Parallel to Y-axis 22mmØ 12 pc(s) 189mm

z z
14
 y z z

x x

plan section thru x-x section thru y-y

Overall Design Safety Factor

Soil Bearing Punching Beam shear Beam shear Flexure Cap. Flexure Cap. Code
Pressure Shear along X-axis along Y-axis about X-axis about Y-axis Requirements
Safe Design! Safe Design! N/A Safe Design! N/A Safe Design! Safe design!

Check for actual soil bearing pressure:

Value of kern, Wx/3 [k] = 750.0 mm
Eccentricity of load, Ps/Ms (the resultant load acts within the kern) [e] = 155 mm
Maxi mum soi l pr essur e, ( Ps/A) + (Msc/I) or 2Ps/3Wy a [ σ s,max] = 23 kPa
Mi ni mum soi l pr essur e, ( Ps/A) - (Msc/I) or zero [ σ s,min] = 9 kPa
Value of "a", (Wx/2) - e [a] = 970 mm
Maxi mum ul t i mat e soi l pr essur e, ( Pu/A) + (Muc/I) or 2Ps/3Wy a [ σ u,max] = 29 kPa
Mi ni mum ul t i mat e soi l pr essur e, ( Ps/A) - (Muc/I) or zero [ σ u,min] = 16 kPa
Ps Pu
Ms Mu

-24
-28

Soil Bearing Pressure (SLS) Soil Bearing Pressure (ULS)

Safety factor for soil bearing pressure, σall/σs [FOS] = ## > 1.0, Safe Design!
15
Check for punching shear:
Ultimate axial load, 1.4Pd + 1.7Pl [Pu] = 30.0 kN
2
Ultimate soil pressure [ σu] = 29.0 kN/ m
Ultimate Punching Shear, Pu - σu(Cx+dave)(Cy+dave) [Vu] = 16.4 kN
Nominal strength provided by concrete, min(Vc,1, Vc,2, Vc,3) [ Øv Vc] = 1472.3 kN
Eff ect i ve per i met er cr i t i cal f or punchi ng, 2[ ( Cx +dave)+(Cy +dave)][bo] = 3212 mm
Ratio of long side to short side of column [ β] = 1
Factor for column position, 40=int., 30=edge, 20=corner [ α s] = 30
Average effective depth of footing, (dx+dy)/2 [ dave] = 403 mm
Øv (1/6)(1 + 2/β)λ sqrt(f'c)bo d Vc,1 = 2208.5 kN
Øv (1/12)[(αs d/bo) + 2] λ sqrt(f'c)bo d Vc,2 = 2121.6 kN
Øv (1/3)λ sqrt(f'c)bo d Vc,3 = 1472.3 kN
Safety factor forpunching shear, Vc/Vu [FOS] = 89.99 > 1.0, Safe Design!
Check for beam shear:
Shear capacity along y-axis
Beam width along y-axis, Wy [by,v] = 2250 mm
Beam length along y-axis, [(Wx-Cx)/2) - dave [Ly,v] = 522 mm
Ultimate beam shear along x-axis, σu(by,v)(Ly,v) [Vu,y] = 34 kN
Nomi nal Shear St r engt h Pr ovi ded by Concr et e, Øv (0.17)λsqrt[f'c] [Vc,y] bd = 526.0 kN
Safety factor forpunching shear, Vc,y/Vu,y [FOSy,v] = 15.65 > 1.0, Safe Design!
Check for Flexure Capacity:
Bending capacity about y-axis
Foot i ng wi dt h t o be consi der ed about y- axi s, Wy [ by,m] = 2250 mm
Foot i ng l engt h about y- axi s, [ Wx-Cx]/2 [ Ly,m] = 925 mm
(b )(L
Ul t i mat e bendi ng moment about x- axi s, σ u y,m y,m y,m )(L /2) [ Muy ] = 25 kN.m
Ar ea of st eel r eq' d, [ 0. 85f ' c/fy ]{1-sqrt[1-(1-2Rn/0.85f'c)]}by,mdave[ Asy,req] = 254 mm²
Mi n. fl ex. r ei nf or cement , max. of [ sqr t ( f ' c)by,mdave/(4fy ),1.4bd[ave/fy ] ]
Asy,min = 4617 mm²
Ar ea of st eel pr ovi ded about x- axi s, Ab,y (N)(b ,
ym ) [ Asy,prov ] = 4561.6 mm²
Dept h of Compr essi ve St r ess bl ock, Asy,prov fy /0.85f'c by,m [ ay,m] = 31.69 mm
Locat i on of t he Neut r al Axi s f r om compr essi on fi ber , ay,m/β [ cy,m] = 37.28 mm
Moment Capaci t y of t he sect i on, Øb 0.85f'c ay,m by,m (dave- ay,m/2) [ Mcap,y ] = 437.1 kN.m
Saf et y f act or f or Bendi ng, Mcap,y /M u,y [ FOSy,m] = 17.3 > 1.0, Safe Design!
Code Requirements:
Devel opment l engt h al ong x- axi s, [ f y ψ1ψeψs/(1.1λsqrt(f'c)(cb+ktr)/db]db = 484 mm OK!
Devel opment l engt h al ong y- axi s, [ f y ψ1ψeψs/(1.1λsqrt(f'c)(cb+ktr)/db]db = 484 mm OK!
Spacing of reinforcement along x-axis = 189 mm OK!
Spacing of reinforcement along y-axis = 189 mm OK!
Footing thickness = 500 mm OK!

Therefore, use 2250mm x 2250 mm x 500 mm thick footing with 12Nos. of 22mmØ rebar parallel to X-axis,
and 12Nos. of 22mmØ rebar parallel to Y-axis,

16
DESIGN OF UNIAXIALLY LOADED ISOLATED FOOTING
Reference Code : NSCP 2015
Footing ID : F3 (Classification: Corner)
Materials Properties and Design Information:
Compressive Strength of Concrete [ f ' c] = 20.7 N/mm²
Yield strength of reinforcement [ f y] = 275 N/mm²
Unit weight of Soil [ ys] = 18 kN/m³
Unit weight of Concrete [ yc] = 23.5 kN/m³
2
Allowable soil bearing pressue [ σall] = 290 kN/ m
NSCP Code Requirements:
Concrete cover to reinforcement [cc] = 75 mm
Reduction factor for shear and torsion [ Øv ] = 0.75
Reduction factor for tension controlled section [ Øb] = 0.9
Beta factor for concrete strength [β] = 0.85
Concrete strength modification factor [ λ] = 1.0
Mi n. of cc + db,x/2 and s x/2 [ cbx] = 83.0 mm
Mi n. of cc + db,y /2 and s y /2 [ cby ] = 83.0 mm
Factor used to modify development length based on reinf. location [ ψ 1] = 1.0
Factor used to modify development length based on reinf. coating [ ψ e] = 1.0
Factor used to modify development length based on reinf. size [ ψ s] = 1.0
Minimum effective depth of footing [ dmin] = 150 mm
Mi n. cl ear spaci ng b/ n mai n r ei nf or cement , max of ( db, 25) [ smin] = 25 mm
Max. spacing of main reinforcement, [380(280)/fs] - 2.5cc [ smax] = 393 mm
Balanced Steel ratio, [0.85ßfc'/fy][600/(600+fy)] [ ρ bal] = 3.7 %
Maxi mum st eel r at i o, 0. 75ρ bal [ ρ max] = 2.8 %
Design Forces and Section Properties:
Service axial dead load [Pd] = 20 kN
Service axial live load [Pl] = 1.2 kN
Service bending moment [Ms] = 5 kN.m
Ultimate bending moment [Mu] = 5 kN.m
Thickness of footing [h] = 500 mm
Width of footing parallel to X-axis [Wx] = 2000 mm
Width of footing parallel to Y-axis [Wy] = 2000 mm
Width of column parallel to X-axis [Cx] = 400 mm
Width of column parallel to Y-axis [Cy] = 400 mm
Founding depth [Y] = 1000 mm
Designed Reinforcement:
Classification of Actual
Bar size Qty.
Reinforcement Spacing
Parallel to X-axis 16mmØ 10 pc(s) 204mm
Parallel to Y-axis 16mmØ 10 pc(s) 204mm

z z 17
 y z z

x x

plan section thru x-x section thru y-y

18
 DESIGN OF UNIAXIALLY LOADED ISOLATED FOOTING
Reference Code :
Check for punching shear: NSCP 2015
Footing
Ultimate axialID
load, 1.4Pd :+ 1.7Pl
F4 (Classification: Edge) [Pu] = 30.0 kN
2
Ultimate
Materialssoil pressure
Properties and Design Information: [ σu] = 27.7 kN/ m
Ultimate Punching
Compressive Shear, Pu
Strength of -Concrete
σu(Cx+dave)(Cy+dave) [Vu] = 14.8 kN 20.7 N/mm²
[ f ' c] =
Nominal strength provided by concrete, min(Vc,1, Vc,2, Vc,3) [ Øv Vc] = 1505.4 kN
Yield strength of reinforcement [ f y] = 275 N/mm²
+d
Eff ect i ve per i met er cr i t i cal f or punchi ng, 2[ ( Cx ave )+(Cy +dave)][bo] = 3236 mm
Unit weight of Soil [ ys] = 18 kN/m³
Ratio of long side to short side of column [ β] = 1
Unit for
Factor weight
column of Concrete
position, 40=int., 30=edge, 20=corner [ α s] = [ yc
] = 20 23.5 kN/m³
2
Allowable
Average soildepth
effective bearing pressue(dx+dy)/2
of footing, [ dave] =[ σall] = 409 mm 290 kN/ m
ØvNSCP
(1/6)(1Code
+ 2/Requirements:
β)λ sqrt(f'c)bo d Vc,1 = 2258.1 kN
ØvConcrete
(1/12)[(αcover
s d/bo) to+reinforcement
2]λ sqrt(f'c)bo d Vc,2 = [cc] 1704.1= kN 75 mm
(1/3) λ sqrt(f'c)bo d
ØvReduction factor for shear and torsion Vc,3 = 1505.4
[ Øv ] = kN 0.75
Safety factor forpunching
Reduction shear, Vc/Vu
factor for tension controlled section [FOS] = [ Øb] 101.38= > 1.0,
0.9 Safe Design!
Check for beam
Beta factor shear:
for Safety
concrete strength [β] = 0.85
Overall Design Factor
Shear capacity along y-axis
Concrete strength modification factor [ λ] = 1.0
Soil
Beam Bearing
width Punching
along y-axis,
Mi n. of cc + db,x/2 and sx/2Wy Beam shear Beam shear Flexure
[by,v] Cap.
= Flexure
[ cbx] = 2000 Cap.
mm 86.0 mmCode
BeamPressure
length along y-axis, [(Wx-Cx)/2)
Shear - dave [Ly,v] = 391 mm
Mi n. of cc + db,y /2 and sy /2 along X-axis along Y-axis about X-axis[ cbyabout
] = Y-axis 86.0 Requirements
mm
Ultimate beam shear along x-axis, σu(by,v)(Ly,v) [Vu,y] = 22 kN
Safe Design!
Factor used to modifySafe Design! N/A based Safe
development length Design!
on reinf. location bd
Nomi nal Shear St r engt h Pr ovi ded by Concr et e, Øv (0.17)λsqrt[f'c] [Vc,y]
N/A =[ ψ 1Safe Design!
] =474.5 kN Safe design!
1.0
Factor used to modify development length based on reinf. coating e] = 1.0
Safety factor forpunching shear, Vc,y/Vu,y [FOSy,v] =[ ψ 21.87 > 1.0, Safe Design!
Factor
Check used to modify development length based on reinf. size [ ψ s] = 1.0
Checkfor forFlexure
actual Capacity:
soil bearing pressure:
Minimum
Bending effective
aboutdepth of footing [ dmin] = 150 mm
Value of kern, Wx/3 y-axis
capacity
[k] = 666.7 mm
Mi n.
Foot i ngclwiear
dt h spaci
t o beng b/ nder
consi maiednabout
r ei nfy- oraxi
cem s,entWy, max of ( db, [25) by,m] =[ smin] =2000 mm 25 mm
Eccentricity of load, Ps/Ms (the resultant load acts within the kern) [e] = 73 mm
Max.
Foot spacing
i ng l engt h of about
main reinforcement,
y- axi s, [ Wx-C[380(280)/fs]
x]/2 - 2.5cc [ Ly,m] =[ smax] = 800 mm 393 mm
UlMtaxi mum soi l ng pr essur ( Ps/A) +x-(M
e, about sc/I) or 2Ps/3Wy a
s, σ u(by,m)(Ly,m)(Ly,m/2) s,max]
[ σ[ Muy ]
=
=[ ρ bal]
21 kPa
Balanced
i mat Steel ratio,
e bendi mom [0.85ßfc'/fy][600/(600+fy)]
ent axi = 17 kN.m 3.7 %
ArM i ni mum soi l pr essur e, ( Ps/A) /f- (M c/I) or zero
]{1-sqrt[1-(1-2Rn/0.85f' )]}b [ σ
y,m ave sy,req]
d ] = = 13 kPa
ea of st eel r eq' d,
Maxi mum st eel r at i o, 0. 75ρ [ 0. 85f ' c y bal s c [ A s,min
[ ρ max] = 166 mm² 2.8 %
MiValue
n. flofex.
Design "a",
Forcesr(Wx/2)
ei nf or-cem
and eSection max. of [ sqr t ( f ' c)by,mdave/(4fy ),1.4bd[ave
ent , Properties: /fy ][a]
Asy,min ] == 927mm²
4165 mm
ArMea
axi of
Service mumst uleel
axial mpr
at ovi
t i deadeloadded
soi l about
pr essurx-e,axi( s, Pu/A)
Ab,y+ (N)(b
(Muc/I)y , m)or 2Ps/3Wy a [ A[sy,prov
σ u,max] ] ==
[Pd] = 28 kPa 20 kN
2010.6 mm²
Dept h of Com pr essi ve St r ess bl ock,
soi l pr essur e, ( Ps/A) A f /0.85f'
- (Muyc/I) or czerob y,m] ]
[ σau,min
[ == 15.71 mm
M i ni mumaxialul t i live
mat eload = 20 kPa 1.2 kN
sy,prov y,m
Service [Pl]
Locat i on of t he Neut r al Axi s f r om compr essi on fi ber , ay,m/β [ cy,m] = 18.49 mm
Service bending moment Ps
Moment Capaci t y of t he sect i on, Øb 0.85f'c ay,m by,m (dave- ay,m/2) [ Mcap,y ] =Pu
[Ms] =
199.6 kN.m
12.5 kN.m
Ultimate
Saf et y f act bending
or f ormoment
Bendi ng, Mcap,y /Mu,y [ FOSy,m] = [Mu] = 11.9 13 Safe
> 1.0, kN.mDesign!
Thickness
Code Requirements: of footing Ms Mu =
[h] 500 mm
Width
Devel opmofent
footingl engtparallel
h al ong to x-
X-axis
axi s, [ f y ψ1ψeψs/(1.1λsqrt(f'c)(cb+ktr)/db]db = [Wx] = 352 mm 2250
OK! mm
Width of footing parallel to Y-axis
Devel opment l engt h al ong y- axi s, [ f y ψ1ψeψs/(1.1λsqrt(f'c)(cb+ktr)/db]db = [Wy] = 352 mm 2250
OK! mm
Widthofofreinforcement
Spacing column parallel alongtox-axis
X-axis = [Cx] = 204 400
mm OK! mm
Spacing
Widthofofreinforcement
column parallel alongtoy-axis
Y-axis = [Cy] = 204 mm OK!
400 mm
Footing
Founding thickness
depth = [Y] = 500 OK!
mm 1250 mm
Designeduse
Therefore, Reinforcement:
2000mm x 2000 mm x 500 mm thick footing0kPa
with 10Nos. of 16mmØ-25
rebar parallel
0kPa 0kPa
-21kPa -28 0kPa to X-axis,
-28kPa
Classification
and 10Nos. of 16mmØ ofrebar parallel to Y-axis, Actual
Bar size Qty.
Reinforcement Spacing
Parallel to X-axis 22mmØ 12 pc(s) 189mm
Parallel to Y-axis 22mmØ 12 pc(s) 189mm

Soil Bearing Pressure (SLS) Soil Bearing Pressure (ULS)

19
z z
Safety factor for soil bearing pressure, σall/σs [FOS] = ## > 1.0, Safe Design!
 y z z

x x

plan section thru x-x section thru y-y

Overall Design Safety Factor

Soil Bearing Punching Beam shear Beam shear Flexure Cap. Flexure Cap. Code
Pressure Shear along X-axis along Y-axis about X-axis about Y-axis Requirements
Safe Design! Safe Design! N/A Safe Design! N/A Safe Design! Safe design!

Check for actual soil bearing pressure:

Value of kern, Wx/3 [k] = 750.0 mm
Eccentricity of load, Ps/Ms (the resultant load acts within the kern) [e] = 155 mm
Maxi mum soi l pr essur e, ( Ps/A) + (Msc/I) or 2Ps/3Wy a [ σ s,max] = 23 kPa
Mi ni mum soi l pr essur e, ( Ps/A) - (Msc/I) or zero [ σ s,min] = 9 kPa
Value of "a", (Wx/2) - e [a] = 970 mm
Maxi mum ul t i mat e soi l pr essur e, ( Pu/A) + (Muc/I) or 2Ps/3Wy a [ σ u,max] = 29 kPa
Mi ni mum ul t i mat e soi l pr essur e, ( Ps/A) - (Muc/I) or zero [ σ u,min] = 16 kPa
Ps Pu
Ms Mu

-24
-28

Soil Bearing Pressure (SLS) Soil Bearing Pressure (ULS)

Safety factor for soil bearing pressure, σall/σs [FOS] = ## > 1.0, Safe Design!
20
Check for punching shear:
Ultimate axial load, 1.4Pd + 1.7Pl [Pu] = 30.0 kN
2
Ultimate soil pressure [ σu] = 29.0 kN/ m
Ultimate Punching Shear, Pu - σu(Cx+dave)(Cy+dave) [Vu] = 16.4 kN
Nominal strength provided by concrete, min(Vc,1, Vc,2, Vc,3) [ Øv Vc] = 1472.3 kN
Eff ect i ve per i met er cr i t i cal f or punchi ng, 2[ ( Cx +dave)+(Cy +dave)][bo] = 3212 mm
Ratio of long side to short side of column [ β] = 1
Factor for column position, 40=int., 30=edge, 20=corner [ α s] = 30
Average effective depth of footing, (dx+dy)/2 [ dave] = 403 mm
Øv (1/6)(1 + 2/β)λ sqrt(f'c)bo d Vc,1 = 2208.5 kN
Øv (1/12)[(αs d/bo) + 2] λ sqrt(f'c)bo d Vc,2 = 2121.6 kN
Øv (1/3)λ sqrt(f'c)bo d Vc,3 = 1472.3 kN
Safety factor forpunching shear, Vc/Vu [FOS] = 89.99 > 1.0, Safe Design!
Check for beam shear:
Shear capacity along y-axis
Beam width along y-axis, Wy [by,v] = 2250 mm
Beam length along y-axis, [(Wx-Cx)/2) - dave [Ly,v] = 522 mm
Ultimate beam shear along x-axis, σu(by,v)(Ly,v) [Vu,y] = 34 kN
Nomi nal Shear St r engt h Pr ovi ded by Concr et e, Øv (0.17)λsqrt[f'c] [Vc,y] bd = 526.0 kN
Safety factor forpunching shear, Vc,y/Vu,y [FOSy,v] = 15.65 > 1.0, Safe Design!
Check for Flexure Capacity:
Bending capacity about y-axis
Foot i ng wi dt h t o be consi der ed about y- axi s, Wy [ by,m] = 2250 mm
Foot i ng l engt h about y- axi s, [ Wx-Cx]/2 [ Ly,m] = 925 mm
Ul t i mat e bendi ng moment about x- axi s, σ u(by,m)(Ly,m)(Ly,m/2) [ Muy ] = 25 kN.m
Ar ea of st eel r eq' d, [ 0. 85f ' c/fy ]{1-sqrt[1-(1-2Rn/0.85f'c)]}by,mdave[ Asy,req] = 254 mm²
Mi n. fl ex. r ei nf or cement , max. of [ sqr t ( f ' c)by,mdave/(4fy ),1.4bd[ave/fy ] ]
Asy,min = 4617 mm²
Ar ea of st eel pr ovi ded about x- axi s, Ab,y (N)(by ,m) [ Asy,prov ] = 4561.6 mm²
Dept h of Compr essi ve St r ess bl ock, Asy,prov fy /0.85f'c by,m [ ay,m] = 31.69 mm
Locat i on of t he Neut r al Axi s f r om compr essi on fi ber , ay,m /β [ cy,m] = 37.28 mm
Moment Capaci t y of t he sect i on, Øb 0.85f'c ay,m by,m (dave- ay,m/2) [ Mcap,y ] = 437.1 kN.m
Saf et y f act or f or Bendi ng, Mcap,y /M u,y [ FOSy,m] = 17.3 > 1.0, Safe Design!
Code Requirements:
Devel opment l engt h al ong x- axi s, [ f y ψ1ψeψs/(1.1λsqrt(f'c)(cb+ktr)/db]db = 484 mm OK!
Devel opment l engt h al ong y- axi s, [ f y ψ1ψeψs/(1.1λsqrt(f'c)(cb+ktr)/db]db = 484 mm OK!
Spacing of reinforcement along x-axis = 189 mm OK!
Spacing of reinforcement along y-axis = 189 mm OK!
Footing thickness = 500 mm OK!

Therefore, use 2250mm x 2250 mm x 500 mm thick footing with 12Nos. of 22mmØ rebar parallel to X-axis,
and 12Nos. of 22mmØ rebar parallel to Y-axis,

21
DESIGN OF UNIAXIALLY LOADED ISOLATED FOOTING
Reference Code : NSCP 2015
Footing ID : F5 (Classification: Interior)
Materials Properties and Design Information:
Compressive Strength of Concrete [ f ' c] = 20.7 N/mm²
Yield strength of reinforcement [ f y] = 275 N/mm²
Unit weight of Soil [ ys] = 18 kN/m³
Unit weight of Concrete [ yc] = 23.5 kN/m³
2
Allowable soil bearing pressue [ σall] = 290 kN/ m
NSCP Code Requirements:
Concrete cover to reinforcement [cc] = 75 mm
Reduction factor for shear and torsion [ Øv ] = 0.75
Reduction factor for tension controlled section [ Øb] = 0.9
Beta factor for concrete strength [β] = 0.85
Concrete strength modification factor [ λ] = 1.0
Mi n. of cc + db,x/2 and s x/2 [ cbx] = 89.0 mm
Mi n. of cc + db,y /2 and s y /2 [ cby ] = 89.0 mm
Factor used to modify development length based on reinf. location [ ψ 1] = 1.0
Factor used to modify development length based on reinf. coating [ ψ e] = 1.0
Factor used to modify development length based on reinf. size [ ψ s] = 1.0
Minimum effective depth of footing [ dmin] = 150 mm
Mi n. cl ear spaci ng b/ n mai n r ei nf or cement , max of ( db, 25) [ smin] = 25 mm
Max. spacing of main reinforcement, [380(280)/fs] - 2.5cc [ smax] = 393 mm
Balanced Steel ratio, [0.85ßfc'/fy][600/(600+fy)] [ ρ bal] = 3.7 %
Maxi mum st eel r at i o, 0. 75ρ bal [ ρ max] = 2.8 %
Design Forces and Section Properties:
Service axial dead load [Pd] = 39 kN
Service axial live load [Pl] = 1.5 kN
Service bending moment [Ms] = 15 kN.m
Ultimate bending moment [Mu] = 17 kN.m
Thickness of footing [h] = 500 mm
Width of footing parallel to X-axis [Wx] = 2750 mm
Width of footing parallel to Y-axis [Wy] = 2750 mm
Width of column parallel to X-axis [Cx] = 400 mm
Width of column parallel to Y-axis [Cy] = 400 mm
Founding depth [Y] = 1250 mm
Designed Reinforcement:
Classification of Actual
Bar size Qty.
Reinforcement Spacing
Parallel to X-axis 28mmØ 10 pc(s) 286mm
Parallel to Y-axis 28mmØ 10 pc(s) 286mm

z z
22
 y z z

x x

plan section thru x-x section thru y-y

Overall Design Safety Factor

Soil Bearing Punching Beam shear Beam shear Flexure Cap. Flexure Cap. Code
Pressure Shear along X-axis along Y-axis about X-axis about Y-axis Requirements
Safe Design! Safe Design! N/A Safe Design! N/A Safe Design! Safe design!

Check for actual soil bearing pressure:

Value of kern, Wx/3 [k] = 916.7 mm
Eccentricity of load, Ps/Ms (the resultant load acts within the kern) [e] = 116 mm
Maxi mum soi l pr essur e, ( Ps/A) + (M sc/I) or 2Ps/3Wy a [ σ s,max] = 21 kPa
Mi ni mum soi l pr essur e, ( Ps/A) - (M sc/I) or zero [ σ s,min] = 13 kPa
Value of "a", (Wx/2) - e [a] = 1259 mm
Maxi mum ul t i mat e soi l pr essur e, ( Pu/A) + (M uc/I) or 2Ps/3Wy a [ σ u,max] = 29 kPa
Mi ni mum ul t i mat e soi l pr essur e, ( Ps/A) - (M uc/I) or zero [ σ u,min] = 19 kPa
Ps Pu
Ms Mu

-25
-28

Soil Bearing Pressure (SLS) Soil Bearing Pressure (ULS)

Safety factor for soil bearing pressure, σall/σs [FOS] = ## > 1.0,
23 Safe Design!
Check for punching shear:
Ultimate axial load, 1.4Pd + 1.7Pl [Pu] = 57.2 kN
2
Ultimate soil pressure [σu] = 28.9 kN/ m
Ultimate Punching Shear, Pu - σu(Cx+dave)(Cy+dave) [Vu] = 42.4 kN
Nominal strength provided by concrete, min(Vc,1, Vc,2, Vc,3) [ Øv Vc] = 1439.6 kN
+d
Eff ect i ve per i met er cr i t i cal f or punchi ng, 2[ ( Cx ave)+(Cy +dave)][bo] = 3188 mm
Ratio of long side to short side of column [β] = 1
Factor for column position, 40=int., 30=edge, 20=corner [ α s] = 40
Average effective depth of footing, (dx+dy)/2 [ dave] = 397 mm
Øv (1/6)(1 + 2/β)λ sqrt(f'c)bo d Vc,1 = 2159.4 kN
Øv (1/12)[(αs d/bo) + 2] λ sqrt(f'c)bo d Vc,2 = 2512.5 kN
Øv (1/3)λ sqrt(f'c)bo d Vc,3 = 1439.6 kN
Safety factor forpunching shear, Vc/Vu [FOS] = 33.99 > 1.0, Safe Design!
Check for beam shear:
Shear capacity along y-axis
Beam width along y-axis, Wy [by,v] = 2750 mm
Beam length along y-axis, [(Wx-Cx)/2) - dave [Ly,v] = 778 mm
Ultimate beam shear along x-axis, σu(by,v)(Ly,v) [Vu,y] = 60 kN
Nomi nal Shear St r engt h Pr ovi ded by Concr et e, Øv (0.17)λsqrt[f'c] [Vc,y] bd = 633.3 kN
Safety factor forpunching shear, Vc,y/Vu,y [FOSy,v] = 10.48 > 1.0, Safe Design!
Check for Flexure Capacity:
Bending capacity about y-axis
Foot i ng wi dt h t o be consi der ed about y- axi s, Wy [ by,m] = 2750 mm
Foot i ng l engt h about y- axi s, [ Wx-Cx]/2 [ Ly,m] = 1175 mm
Ul t i mat e bendi ng moment about x- axi s, σ u(by,m)(Ly,m)(Ly,m/2) [ Muy ] = 51 kN.m
/f
Ar ea of st eel r eq' d, [ 0. 85f ' c y ]{1-sqrt[1-(1-2Rn/0.85f' c )]}by,m ave[ Asy,req]
d = 520 mm²
Mi n. fl ex. r ei nf or cement , max. of [ sqr t ( f ' c)by,mdave/(4fy ),1.4bd[ave /fy ] ]
Asy,min = 5558 mm²
Ar ea of st eel pr ovi ded about x- axi s, Ab,y (N)(by ,m) [ Asy,prov ] = 6157.5 mm²
Dept h of Compr essi ve St r ess bl ock, Asy,prov y f /0.85f' b
c y,m [ ay,m] = 35.00 mm
Locat i on of t he Neut r al Axi s f r om compr essi on fi ber , ay,m/β [ cy,m] = 41.18 mm
Moment Capaci t y of t he sect i on, Øb 0.85f'c ay,m by,m (dave- ay,m/2) [ Mcap,y ] = 578.4 kN.m
Saf et y f act or f or Bendi ng, Mcap,y /Mu,y [ FOSy,m] = 11.4 > 1.0, Safe Design!
Code Requirements:
Devel opment l engt h al ong x- axi s, [ f y ψ1ψeψs/(1.1λsqrt(f'c)(cb+ktr)/db]db = 615 mm OK!
Devel opment l engt h al ong y- axi s, [ f y ψ1ψeψs/(1.1λsqrt(f'c)(cb+ktr)/db]db = 615 mm OK!
Spacing of reinforcement along x-axis = 286 mm OK!
Spacing of reinforcement along y-axis = 286 mm OK!
Footing thickness = 500 mm OK!

Therefore, use 2750mm x 2750 mm x 500 mm thick footing with 10Nos. of 28mmØ rebar parallel to X-axis,
and 10Nos. of 28mmØ rebar parallel to Y-axis,

24
DESIGN OF UNIAXIALLY LOADED ISOLATED FOOTING
Reference Code : NSCP 2015
Footing ID : F6 (Classification: Edge)
Materials Properties and Design Information:
Compressive Strength of Concrete [ f ' c] = 20.7 N/mm²
Yield strength of reinforcement [ f y] = 275 N/mm²
Unit weight of Soil [ ys] = 18 kN/m³
Unit weight of Concrete [ yc] = 23.5 kN/m³
2
Allowable soil bearing pressue [ σall] = 290 kN/ m
NSCP Code Requirements:
Concrete cover to reinforcement [cc] = 75 mm
Reduction factor for shear and torsion [ Øv ] = 0.75
Reduction factor for tension controlled section [ Øb] = 0.9
Beta factor for concrete strength [β] = 0.85
Concrete strength modification factor [ λ] = 1.0
Mi n. of cc + db,x/2 and s x/2 [ cbx] = 86.0 mm
Mi n. of cc + db,y /2 and s y /2 [ cby ] = 86.0 mm
Factor used to modify development length based on reinf. location [ ψ 1] = 1.0
Factor used to modify development length based on reinf. coating [ ψ e] = 1.0
Factor used to modify development length based on reinf. size [ ψ s] = 1.0
Minimum effective depth of footing [ dmin] = 150 mm
Mi n. cl ear spaci ng b/ n mai n r ei nf or cement , max of ( db, 25) [ smin] = 25 mm
Max. spacing of main reinforcement, [380(280)/fs] - 2.5cc [ smax] = 393 mm
Balanced Steel ratio, [0.85ßfc'/fy][600/(600+fy)] [ ρ bal] = 3.7 %
Maxi mum st eel r at i o, 0. 75ρ bal [ ρ max] = 2.8 %
Design Forces and Section Properties:
Service axial dead load [Pd] = 20 kN
Service axial live load [Pl] = 1.2 kN
Service bending moment [Ms] = 12.5 kN.m
Ultimate bending moment [Mu] = 13 kN.m
Thickness of footing [h] = 500 mm
Width of footing parallel to X-axis [Wx] = 2250 mm
Width of footing parallel to Y-axis [Wy] = 2250 mm
Width of column parallel to X-axis [Cx] = 400 mm
Width of column parallel to Y-axis [Cy] = 400 mm
Founding depth [Y] = 1250 mm
Designed Reinforcement:
Classification of Actual
Bar size Qty.
Reinforcement Spacing
Parallel to X-axis 22mmØ 12 pc(s) 189mm
Parallel to Y-axis 22mmØ 12 pc(s) 189mm

z z
25
 y z z

x x

plan section thru x-x section thru y-y

Overall Design Safety Factor

Soil Bearing Punching Beam shear Beam shear Flexure Cap. Flexure Cap. Code
Pressure Shear along X-axis along Y-axis about X-axis about Y-axis Requirements
Safe Design! Safe Design! N/A Safe Design! N/A Safe Design! Safe design!

Check for actual soil bearing pressure:

Value of kern, Wx/3 [k] = 750.0 mm
Eccentricity of load, Ps/Ms (the resultant load acts within the kern) [e] = 155 mm
Maxi mum soi l pr essur e, ( Ps/A) + (Msc/I) or 2Ps/3Wy a [ σ s,max] = 23 kPa
Mi ni mum soi l pr essur e, ( Ps/A) - (Msc/I) or zero [ σ s,min] = 9 kPa
Value of "a", (Wx/2) - e [a] = 970 mm
Maxi mum ul t i mat e soi l pr essur e, ( Pu/A) + (Muc/I) or 2Ps/3Wy a [ σ u,max] = 29 kPa
Mi ni mum ul t i mat e soi l pr essur e, ( Ps/A) - (Muc/I) or zero [ σ u,min] = 16 kPa
Ps Pu
Ms Mu

-24
-28

Soil Bearing Pressure (SLS) Soil Bearing Pressure (ULS)

Safety factor for soil bearing pressure, σall/σs [FOS] = ## > 1.0, Safe Design!
26
Check for punching shear:
Ultimate axial load, 1.4Pd + 1.7Pl [Pu] = 30.0 kN
2
Ultimate soil pressure [ σu] = 29.0 kN/ m
Ultimate Punching Shear, Pu - σu(Cx+dave)(Cy+dave) [Vu] = 16.4 kN
Nominal strength provided by concrete, min(Vc,1, Vc,2, Vc,3) [ Øv Vc] = 1472.3 kN
Eff ect i ve per i met er cr i t i cal f or punchi ng, 2[ ( Cx +dave)+(Cy +dave)][bo] = 3212 mm
Ratio of long side to short side of column [ β] = 1
Factor for column position, 40=int., 30=edge, 20=corner [ α s] = 30
Average effective depth of footing, (dx+dy)/2 [ dave] = 403 mm
Øv (1/6)(1 + 2/β)λ sqrt(f'c)bo d Vc,1 = 2208.5 kN
Øv (1/12)[(αs d/bo) + 2] λ sqrt(f'c)bo d Vc,2 = 2121.6 kN
Øv (1/3)λ sqrt(f'c)bo d Vc,3 = 1472.3 kN
Safety factor forpunching shear, Vc/Vu [FOS] = 89.99 > 1.0, Safe Design!
Check for beam shear:
Shear capacity along y-axis
Beam width along y-axis, Wy [by,v] = 2250 mm
Beam length along y-axis, [(Wx-Cx)/2) - dave [Ly,v] = 522 mm
Ultimate beam shear along x-axis, σu(by,v)(Ly,v) [Vu,y] = 34 kN
Nomi nal Shear St r engt h Pr ovi ded by Concr et e, Øv (0.17)λsqrt[f'c] [Vc,y] bd = 526.0 kN
Safety factor forpunching shear, Vc,y/Vu,y [FOSy,v] = 15.65 > 1.0, Safe Design!
Check for Flexure Capacity:
Bending capacity about y-axis
Foot i ng wi dt h t o be consi der ed about y- axi s, Wy [ by,m] = 2250 mm
Foot i ng l engt h about y- axi s, [ Wx-Cx]/2 [ Ly,m] = 925 mm
Ul t i mat e bendi ng moment about x- axi s, σ u(by,m)(Ly,m)(Ly,m/2) [ Muy ] = 25 kN.m
/f
Ar ea of st eel r eq' d, [ 0. 85f ' c y ]{1-sqrt[1-(1-2Rn/0.85f' c )]}by,m ave[ Asy,req]
d = 254 mm²
Mi n. fl ex. r ei nf or cement , max. of [ sqr t ( f ' c)by,mdave/(4fy ),1.4bd[ave /fy ] ]
Asy,min = 4617 mm²
Ar ea of st eel pr ovi ded about x- axi s, Ab,y (N)(by ,m) [ Asy,prov ] = 4561.6 mm²
Dept h of Compr essi ve St r ess bl ock, Asy,prov fy /0.85f'c by,m [ ay,m] = 31.69 mm
Locat i on of t he Neut r al Axi s f r om compr essi on fi ber , ay,m/β [ cy,m] = 37.28 mm
Moment Capaci t y of t he sect i on, Øb 0.85f'c ay,m by,m (dave- ay,m/2) [ Mcap,y ] = 437.1 kN.m
Saf et y f act or f or Bendi ng, Mcap,y /M u,y [ FOSy,m] = 17.3 > 1.0, Safe Design!
Code Requirements:
Devel opment l engt h al ong x- axi s, [ f y ψ1ψeψs/(1.1λsqrt(f'c)(cb+ktr)/db]db = 484 mm OK!
Devel opment l engt h al ong y- axi s, [ f y ψ1ψeψs/(1.1λsqrt(f'c)(cb+ktr)/db]db = 484 mm OK!
Spacing of reinforcement along x-axis = 189 mm OK!
Spacing of reinforcement along y-axis = 189 mm OK!
Footing thickness = 500 mm OK!

Therefore, use 2250mm x 2250 mm x 500 mm thick footing with 12Nos. of 22mmØ rebar parallel to X-axis,
and 12Nos. of 22mmØ rebar parallel to Y-axis,

27
28
 y z z

DESIGN OF UNIAXIALLY LOADED ISOLATED FOOTING

Reference Code : NSCP 2015
Footing ID : F7 (Classification: Corner)
Materials Properties and Design Information:
x Compressive Strength of Concrete x [ f ' c] = 20.7 N/mm²
Yield strength of reinforcement [ f y] = 275 N/mm²
Unit weight of Soil [ ys ] = 18 kN/m³
Unit weight of Concrete [ yc] = 23.5 kN/m³
2
Allowable soil bearing pressue [ σall] = 290 kN/ m
NSCP Code Requirements:
Concrete cover plan
to reinforcement section thru x-x [cc] =section thru 75y-y
mm
Reduction factor for shear and torsion [ Øv ] = 0.75
Reduction factor for tension controlled section [ Øb] = 0.9
Overall Design Safety Factor
Beta factor for concrete strength [β] = 0.85
Soil Concrete
Bearing strength modificationBeam
Punching factorshear Beam shear Flexure Cap. [λ]Flexure = Cap. 1.0 Code
Mi n. of cc + db,x/2 and s x/2 [ cbx] = 83.0 mm
Pressure Shear along X-axis along Y-axis about X-axis about Y-axis Requirements
Mi n. of cc + db,y /2 and s y /2 [ cby ] = 83.0 mm
SafeFactor
Design! Safe Design! N/A Safe Design!
used to modify development length based on reinf. location N/A Safe
[ ψ 1] = Design! 1.0Safe design!
Factor used to modify development length based on reinf. coating [ ψ e] = 1.0
CheckFactor usedsoil
for actual to modify
bearing development
pressure: length based on reinf. size [ ψ s] = 1.0
Minimum effective depth of footing [ dmin] = 150 mm
Value of kern, Wx/3 [k] = 666.7 mm
Mi n. cl ear spaci ng b/ n mai n r ei nf or cement , max of ( db, 25) [ smin] = 25 mm
Eccentricity of load, Ps/Ms (the resultant load acts
Max. spacing of main reinforcement, [380(280)/fs] - 2.5cc within the kern) [e] =
[ smax] =
73 mm393 mm
Maxi m um soi l Steel
Balanced pr essur ( Ps/A) + (Msc/I) or 2Ps/3Wy a
ratio,e,[0.85ßfc'/fy][600/(600+fy)] [ σ s,max] [=ρ bal] = 21 kPa 3.7 %
Mi ni mMum
axisoi
muml stpreel
essurr at ( Ps/A)
e, i o, - (Mbal
0. 75ρ sc/I) or zero [ σ s,min] [ =ρ max] = 13 kPa 2.8 %
ValueDesign
of "a", (Wx/2)
Forces-ande Section Properties: [a] = 927 mm
Maxi m Service
um ul taxial
i mat dead l pr essur e, ( Pu/A) + (Muc/I) or 2Ps/3Wy a [ σ u,max] =[Pd] = 28 kPa 20 kN
e soiload
Mi ni mService
um ul taxial
i mat live
e soiload
l pr essur e, ( Ps/A) - (Muc/I) or zero [ σ u,min] = [Pl] = 20 kPa 1.2 kN
Service bending moment [Ms] = 5 kN.m
Ps Pu
Ultimate bending moment [Mu] = 5 kN.m
Thickness of footing Ms [h] = 500 mm
Width of footing parallel to X-axis
Mu
[Wx] = 2000 mm
Width of footing parallel to Y-axis [Wy] = 2000 mm
Width of column parallel to X-axis [Cx] = 400 mm
Width of column parallel to Y-axis [Cy] = 400 mm
Founding depth [Y] = 1000 mm
Designed Reinforcement:
Classification of Actual
0kPa Bar size -21kPa
0kPa Qty. 0kPa -25
-28 0kPa
-28kPa
Reinforcement Spacing
Parallel to X-axis 16mmØ 10 pc(s) 204mm
Parallel to Y-axis 16mmØ 10 pc(s) 204mm

z Soil Bearing Pressure (ULS) z

Soil Bearing Pressure (SLS)
29

Safety factor for soil bearing pressure, σall/σs [FOS] = ## > 1.0, Safe Design!
Check for punching shear:
Ultimate axial load, 1.4Pd + 1.7Pl [Pu] = 30.0 kN
2
Ultimate soil pressure [ σu] = 27.7 kN/ m
Ultimate Punching Shear, Pu - σu(Cx+dave)(Cy+dave) [Vu] = 14.8 kN
Nominal strength provided by concrete, min(Vc,1, Vc,2, Vc,3) [ Øv Vc] = 1505.4 kN
Eff ect i ve per i met er cr i t i cal f or punchi ng, 2[ ( Cx +dave)+(Cy +dave)][bo] = 3236 mm
Ratio of long side to short side of column [ β] = 1
Factor for column position, 40=int., 30=edge, 20=corner [ α s] = 20
Average effective depth of footing, (dx+dy)/2 [ dave] = 409 mm
Øv (1/6)(1 + 2/β)λ sqrt(f'c)bo d Vc,1 = 2258.1 kN
Øv (1/12)[(αs d/bo) + 2]λ sqrt(f'c)bo d Vc,2 = 1704.1 kN
Øv (1/3)λ sqrt(f'c)bo d Vc,3 = 1505.4 kN
Safety factor forpunching shear, Vc/Vu [FOS] = 101.38 > 1.0, Safe Design!
Check for beam shear:
Shear capacity along y-axis
Beam width along y-axis, Wy [by,v] = 2000 mm
Beam length along y-axis, [(Wx-Cx)/2) - dave [Ly,v] = 391 mm
Ultimate beam shear along x-axis, σu(by,v)(Ly,v) [Vu,y] = 22 kN
Nomi nal Shear St r engt h Pr ovi ded by Concr et e, Øv (0.17)λsqrt[f'c] [Vc,y] bd = 474.5 kN
Safety factor forpunching shear, Vc,y/Vu,y [FOSy,v] = 21.87 > 1.0, Safe Design!
Check for Flexure Capacity:
Bending capacity about y-axis
Foot i ng wi dt h t o be consi der ed about y- axi s, Wy [ by,m] = 2000 mm
Foot i ng l engt h about y- axi s, [ Wx-Cx]/2 [ Ly,m] = 800 mm
Ul t i mat e bendi ng moment about x- axi s, σ u(by,m)(Ly,m)(Ly,m/2) [ Muy ] = 17 kN.m
Ar ea of st eel r eq' d, [ 0. 85f ' c/fy ]{1-sqrt[1-(1-2Rn/0.85f'c)]}by,mdave[ Asy,req] = 166 mm²
Mi n. fl ex. r ei nf or cement , max. of [ sqr t ( f ' c)by,mdave/(4fy ),1.4bd[ave/fy ] ]
Asy,min = 4165 mm²
Ar ea of st eel pr ovi ded about x- axi s, Ab,y (N)(by ,m) [ Asy,prov ] = 2010.6 mm²
Dept h of Compr essi ve St r ess bl ock, Asy,prov fy /0.85f'c by,m [ ay,m] = 15.71 mm
Locat i on of t he Neut r al Axi s f r om compr essi on fi ber , ay,m /β [ cy,m] = 18.49 mm
Moment Capaci t y of t he sect i on, Øb 0.85f'c ay,m by,m (dave- ay,m/2) [ Mcap,y ] = 199.6 kN.m
Saf et y f act or f or Bendi ng, Mcap,y /Mu,y [ FOSy,m] = 11.9 > 1.0, Safe Design!
Code Requirements:
Devel opment l engt h al ong x- axi s, [ f y ψ1ψeψs/(1.1λsqrt(f'c)(cb+ktr)/db]db = 352 mm OK!
Devel opment l engt h al ong y- axi s, [ f y ψ1ψeψs/(1.1λsqrt(f'c)(cb+ktr)/db]db = 352 mm OK!
Spacing of reinforcement along x-axis = 204 mm OK!
Spacing of reinforcement along y-axis = 204 mm OK!
Footing thickness = 500 mm OK!

Therefore, use 2000mm x 2000 mm x 500 mm thick footing with 10Nos. of 16mmØ rebar parallel to X-axis,
and 10Nos. of 16mmØ rebar parallel to Y-axis,

30
DESIGN OF UNIAXIALLY LOADED ISOLATED FOOTING
Reference Code : NSCP 2015
Footing ID : F8 (Classification: Edge)
Materials Properties and Design Information:
Compressive Strength of Concrete [ f ' c] = 20.7 N/mm²
Yield strength of reinforcement [ f y] = 275 N/mm²
Unit weight of Soil [ ys] = 18 kN/m³
Unit weight of Concrete [ yc] = 23.5 kN/m³
2
Allowable soil bearing pressue [ σall] = 290 kN/ m
NSCP Code Requirements:
Concrete cover to reinforcement [cc] = 75 mm
Reduction factor for shear and torsion [ Øv ] = 0.75
Reduction factor for tension controlled section [ Øb] = 0.9
Beta factor for concrete strength [β] = 0.85
Concrete strength modification factor [ λ] = 1.0
Mi n. of cc + db,x/2 and sx/2 [ cbx] = 86.0 mm
Mi n. of cc + db,y /2 and sy /2 [ cby ] = 86.0 mm
Factor used to modify development length based on reinf. location [ ψ 1] = 1.0
Factor used to modify development length based on reinf. coating [ ψ e] = 1.0
Factor used to modify development length based on reinf. size [ ψ s] = 1.0
Minimum effective depth of footing [ dmin] = 150 mm
Mi n. cl ear spaci ng b/ n mai n r ei nf or cement , max of ( db, 25) [ smin] = 25 mm
Max. spacing of main reinforcement, [380(280)/fs] - 2.5cc [ smax] = 393 mm
Balanced Steel ratio, [0.85ßfc'/fy][600/(600+fy)] [ ρ bal] = 3.7 %
Maxi mum st eel r at i o, 0. 75ρ bal [ ρ max] = 2.8 %
Design Forces and Section Properties:
Service axial dead load [Pd] = 20 kN
Service axial live load [Pl] = 1.2 kN
Service bending moment [Ms] = 12.5 kN.m
Ultimate bending moment [Mu] = 13 kN.m
Thickness of footing [h] = 500 mm
Width of footing parallel to X-axis [Wx] = 2250 mm
Width of footing parallel to Y-axis [Wy] = 2250 mm
Width of column parallel to X-axis [Cx] = 400 mm
Width of column parallel to Y-axis [Cy] = 400 mm
Founding depth [Y] = 1250 mm
Designed Reinforcement:
Classification of Actual
Bar size Qty.
Reinforcement Spacing
Parallel to X-axis 22mmØ 12 pc(s) 189mm
Parallel to Y-axis 22mmØ 12 pc(s) 189mm

z z
31
 y z z

x x

plan section thru x-x section thru y-y

Overall Design Safety Factor

Soil Bearing Punching Beam shear Beam shear Flexure Cap. Flexure Cap. Code
Pressure Shear along X-axis along Y-axis about X-axis about Y-axis Requirements
Safe Design! Safe Design! N/A Safe Design! N/A Safe Design! Safe design!

Check for actual soil bearing pressure:

Value of kern, Wx/3 [k] = 750.0 mm
Eccentricity of load, Ps/Ms (the resultant load acts within the kern) [e] = 155 mm
Maxi mum soi l pr essur e, ( Ps/A) + (Msc/I) or 2Ps/3Wy a [ σ s,max] = 23 kPa
Mi ni mum soi l pr essur e, ( Ps/A) - (Msc/I) or zero [ σ s,min] = 9 kPa
Value of "a", (Wx/2) - e [a] = 970 mm
Maxi mum ul t i mat e soi l pr essur e, ( Pu/A) + (Muc/I) or 2Ps/3Wy a [ σ u,max] = 29 kPa
Mi ni mum ul t i mat e soi l pr essur e, ( Ps/A) - (Muc/I) or zero [ σ u,min] = 16 kPa
Ps Pu
Ms Mu

-24
-28

Soil Bearing Pressure (SLS) Soil Bearing Pressure (ULS)

Safety factor for soil bearing pressure, σall/σs [FOS] = ## > 1.0, Safe Design!
32
33
34
 y z z
DESIGN OF UNIAXIALLY LOADED ISOLATED FOOTING
Reference Code : NSCP 2015
Footing ID : F9 (Classification: Corner)
Materials Properties and Design Information:
xCompressive Strength of Concrete x [ f ' c] = 20.7 N/mm²
Yield strength of reinforcement [ f y] = 275 N/mm²
Unit weight of Soil [ ys] = 18 kN/m³
Unit weight of Concrete [ yc] = 23.5 kN/m³
2
Allowable soil bearing pressue [ σall] = 290 kN/ m
NSCP Code Requirements:
Concrete cover to plan
reinforcement section thru x-x [cc] =section thru75 y-ymm
Reduction factor for shear and torsion [ Øv ] = 0.75
Overall Design Safety Factor
Reduction factor for tension controlled section [ Øb] = 0.9
BetaBearing
Soil factor for concrete
Punchingstrength Beam shear Beam shear ] =
Flexure Cap. [ βFlexure Cap. 0.85 Code
Concrete
Pressurestrength modification
Shear factor
along X-axis along Y-axis about X-axis [ λabout] = Y-axis Requirements
1.0
Mi n. of cc + db,x/2 and s x/2 [ cbx] = 83.0 mm
Safe Design! Safe/2
Design! N/A Safe Design! N/A Safe Design! Safe design!
Mi n. of cc + db,y and s y /2 [ cby ] = 83.0 mm
Factor used to modify development length based on reinf. location [ ψ 1] = 1.0
Check
Factorforused
actual
to soil bearing
modify pressure:length based on reinf. coating
development [ ψ e] = 1.0
Factor
Value usedWx/3
of kern, to modify development length based on reinf. size [k] =[ ψ s] = 666.7 mm 1.0
Minimumof
Eccentricity effective depth of footing
load, Ps/Ms (the resultant load acts within the kern) [e] [=dmin] = 73 mm 150 mm
Mi n.
Maxi mumclsoi
earl pr
spaci
essurnge, b/( n mai+n(Mr sei
Ps/A) nfor
c/I) or2P
cem ent , max of ( db[ σ s,max] [=smin] = 21 kPa 25 mm
s/3Wy a
, 25)
MiMax.
ni mumspacing
soi l of
pr main
essurreinforcement,
e, ( Ps/A) - (Ms[380(280)/fs]
c/I) or zero - 2.5cc [ σ s,min] [=smax] = 13 kPa 393 mm
Balanced Steel ratio, [0.85ßfc'/fy][600/(600+fy)] [ρ ] = 3.7 %
Value of "a", (Wx/2) - e [a] = bal 927 mm
Maxi mum st eel r at i o, 0. 75ρ bal [ ρ max] = 2.8 %
Maxi mum ul t i mat e soi l pr essur e, ( Pu/A) + (Muc/I) or 2Ps/3Wy a [ σ u,max] = 28 kPa
Design Forces and Section Properties:
Mi ni mum ul t i mat e soi l pr essur e, ( Ps/A) - (Muc/I) or zero [ σ u,min] = 20 kPa
Service axial dead load [Pd] = 20 kN
Service axial live load Ps Pu[Pl] = 1.2 kN
Service bending moment [Ms] = 5 kN.m
Ms Mu
Ultimate bending moment [Mu] = 5 kN.m
Thickness of footing [h] = 500 mm
Width of footing parallel to X-axis [Wx] = 2000 mm
Width of footing parallel to Y-axis [Wy] = 2000 mm
Width of column parallel to X-axis [Cx] = 400 mm
Width of column parallel to Y-axis [Cy] = 400 mm
Founding
0kPa depth 0kPa 0kPa [Y] = 1000 mm
0kPa
-21kPa -25
-28 -28kPa
Designed Reinforcement:
Classification of Actual
Bar size Qty.
Reinforcement Spacing
Parallel to X-axis 16mmØ 10 pc(s) 204mm
Parallel to Y-axis 16mmØ 10 pc(s) 204mmSoil Bearing Pressure (ULS)
Soil Bearing Pressure (SLS)
35
Safety factor for soil bearing pressure, σall/σs z [FOS] = ## > 1.0, zSafe Design!
Check for punching shear:
Ultimate axial load, 1.4Pd + 1.7Pl [Pu] = 30.0 kN
2
Ultimate soil pressure [ σu] = 27.7 kN/ m
Ultimate Punching Shear, Pu - σu(Cx+dave)(Cy+dave) [Vu] = 14.8 kN
Nominal strength provided by concrete, min(Vc,1, Vc,2, Vc,3) [ Øv Vc] = 1505.4 kN
Eff ect i ve per i met er cr i t i cal f or punchi ng, 2[ ( Cx +dave)+(Cy +dave)][bo] = 3236 mm
Ratio of long side to short side of column [ β] = 1
Factor for column position, 40=int., 30=edge, 20=corner [ α s] = 20
Average effective depth of footing, (dx+dy)/2 [ dave] = 409 mm
Øv (1/6)(1 + 2/β)λ sqrt(f'c)bo d Vc,1 = 2258.1 kN
Øv (1/12)[(αs d/bo) + 2]λ sqrt(f'c)bo d Vc,2 = 1704.1 kN
Øv (1/3)λ sqrt(f'c)bo d Vc,3 = 1505.4 kN
Safety factor forpunching shear, Vc/Vu [FOS] = 101.38 > 1.0, Safe Design!
Check for beam shear:
Shear capacity along y-axis
Beam width along y-axis, Wy [by,v] = 2000 mm
Beam length along y-axis, [(Wx-Cx)/2) - dave [Ly,v] = 391 mm
Ultimate beam shear along x-axis, σu(by,v)(Ly,v) [Vu,y] = 22 kN
Nomi nal Shear St r engt h Pr ovi ded by Concr et e, Øv (0.17)λsqrt[f'c] [Vc,y] bd = 474.5 kN
Safety factor forpunching shear, Vc,y/Vu,y [FOSy,v] = 21.87 > 1.0, Safe Design!
Check for Flexure Capacity:
Bending capacity about y-axis
Foot i ng wi dt h t o be consi der ed about y- axi s, Wy [ by,m] = 2000 mm
Foot i ng l engt h about y- axi s, [ Wx-Cx]/2 [ Ly,m] = 800 mm
Ul t i mat e bendi ng moment about x- axi s, σ u(by,m)(Ly,m)(Ly,m/2) [ Muy ] = 17 kN.m
Ar ea of st eel r eq' d, [ 0. 85f ' c/fy ]{1-sqrt[1-(1-2Rn/0.85f'c)]}by,mdave[ Asy,req] = 166 mm²
Mi n. fl ex. r ei nf or cement , max. of [ sqr t ( f ' c)by,mdave/(4fy ),1.4bd[ave/fy ] ]
Asy,min = 4165 mm²
Ar ea of st eel pr ovi ded about x- axi s, Ab,y (N)(by ,m) [ Asy,prov ] = 2010.6 mm²
Dept h of Compr essi ve St r ess bl ock, Asy,prov fy /0.85f'c by,m [ ay,m] = 15.71 mm
Locat i on of t he Neut r al Axi s f r om compr essi on fi ber , ay,m /β [ cy,m] = 18.49 mm
Moment Capaci t y of t he sect i on, Øb 0.85f'c ay,m by,m (dave- ay,m/2) [ Mcap,y ] = 199.6 kN.m
Saf et y f act or f or Bendi ng, Mcap,y /Mu,y [ FOSy,m] = 11.9 > 1.0, Safe Design!
Code Requirements:
Devel opment l engt h al ong x- axi s, [ f y ψ1ψeψs/(1.1λsqrt(f'c)(cb+ktr)/db]db = 352 mm OK!
Devel opment l engt h al ong y- axi s, [ f y ψ1ψeψs/(1.1λsqrt(f'c)(cb+ktr)/db]db = 352 mm OK!
Spacing of reinforcement along x-axis = 204 mm OK!
Spacing of reinforcement along y-axis = 204 mm OK!
Footing thickness = 500 mm OK!

Therefore, use 2000mm x 2000 mm x 500 mm thick footing with 10Nos. of 16mmØ rebar parallel to X-axis,
and 10Nos. of 16mmØ rebar parallel to Y-axis,

36
 TABULATED SCHEDULES OF COLUMNS
:
DESIGN OF COLUMN C1

DESIGN OF CORNER COLUMN

Along Transverse & Longitudinal: Bending in One SQUARE TIED COLUMN ONLY
Direction

f'c 20.7 MPa

fy 370.0 MPa
Es 200000 MPa
ex 35.84 mm
ey 28.27 mm
PU 4150.921 KN
Beta (β) factor 0.85
CONDITION: *(Area & Reinforcement bars are constant)
Square Column: Area (B x B) 750 mm x 750 mm
Use Reinforcement Bars 10 - 32 mm
As 8042.477 mm
As1 = As/2 4021.239 mm
Clear Cover (C) 40 mm
Tie wire (tw): min of 10 mm for <32 mm 10 mm
d' = C + 0.5DBar 65 mm
d = H-d' 685 mm
Assume: Balanced Condition
cb = 600d/(fy+600) 423.71 mm
a = βc 360 mm
Cc = 0.85f'c(a)(b) 4752.691 KN
fs' = 600(c - d')/c 507.956
If fs' > fy ; use fs' = fy 370 MPa
Cs= As1(fs') 1487.858 KN
T = As1(fy) 1487.858 KN
∑FV = 0 ↑+
Pbn = Cc + Cs - T 4752.691 KN
x1 = (B-2d')/2 310 mm
∑MT = 0 (clockwise +)
Pbn (x) = Cc(d-a/2) + Cs(d-d')
x = [Cc(d-a/2) + Cs(d-d')]/Pbn 699.02 mm
eb = x - x1 389.02 mm
if eb > eux (Compression controls) Compression controls
37
Assume: Compression bars will yield
fs' = fy
Cc = 0.85f'c(βc)(b) ; (unknown value of c) 11216.8125 (c)
Cs = As1(fs') 1487858.2807 N
fs = 600(d-c)/c 410400.0000 KN
T = As1(fs) 2412743.158 (d-c)/c

Considering (ey = 0)
∑FV = 0 ↑+
Pnx = Cc + Cs - T → eq. 1 4752.6907 (a1)
∑MT = 0 (clockwise +)
Pnx(x1+eux) = Cc(d-a/2)+Cs(d-d') →eq. 2 -297.34 KN.m
Solve "c" manually by 2 eq.-2 unknown
c= 393.7 mm
a = βc 334.645 mm
Pnx (x1+eux) = Cc(d-a/2) + Cs(d-d') -297.34 KN.m
Pnx = Cc + Cs - T -297.34 KN.m
Pnx1-Pnx2=0→(the value of c is correct) 0
CHECK DUCTILITY
Єy = fy/Es 0.0018500
Єs = 0.003(d-c)/c 0.002220
ЄS > Єy (Tension Steel yields) OK
Єs' = 0.003(c- d')/c 0.002505
Єs' > Єy (Compression Steel yields) OK
Assume: Compression bars will yield
if eb > euy (Compression controls) Tension controls
fs' = fy
Cc = 0.85f'c(βc)(b) ; (unknown value of c) 4416059.0813 (c)
Cs = As1(fs') 1487858.281 N
fs = 600(d-c)/c 410400.0000 KN
T = As1(fs) 2412743.158 (d-c)/c
Considering (ey = 0)
∑FV = 0 ↑+
Pny = Cc + Cs - T → eq. 1 -297.339 (a2)
∑MT = 0 (clockwise +)
Pny(x1+euy) = Cc(d-a/2)+Cs(d-d') →eq. 2 -297.33878
Solve "c" manually by 2 eq.-2 unknown
c= 391.50 mm
a = βc 332.775 mm
Pny (x1+euy) = Cc(d-a/2) + Cs(d-d') 1728566.20 KN
Pnx = Cc + Cs - T 1728566.20 KN
Pnx-Pnx2=0→(the value of c is correct) 0
CHECK DUCTILITY
Єy = fy/Es 0.0018500
Єs = 0.003(d-c)/c 0.002249
ЄS > Єy (Tension Steel yields) OK
Єs' = 0.003(c- d')/c 0.002502
ЄS' > Єy (Compression Steel yields) OK
CHECK THE CAPACITY OF THE COLUMN
Po = 0.85f'c(Ag-Ast)+Astfy 18966.7 KN
Bresler's Reciprocal Load Equation:
∅
(1/Pn)=(1/Pnx)+(1/Pny)+(1/Po)
Pn = PnxPnyPo/(PnyPo + PnxPo + PnxPny) 18559.372 KN
Actual PU = Pn 16703.435 KN
PU < PU (Actual) SAFE
CHECK FOR THE VERTICAL SPACING OF TIE WIRES (S)
Vertical spacing shall not exceed the ff.;
a. 16 longitudinal bar; S = 16(DBar) 512 mm 38
b. 48 tie bar/wire diameter; S = 48(tw) 480 mm
c. least dimension of column; S = B 750 mm
Use Spacing (S) 480 mm o. c.
 DESIGN OF COLUMN C2
DESIGN OFEXTERIOR (LONGITUDINAL) COLUMN
Along Transverse & Longitudinal: Bending in One SQUARE TIED COLUMN ONLY

f'c 27.6 MPa

fy 350.0 MPa
Es 200000 MPa
ex 34.03 mm
ey 26.84 mm
PU 4371.255 KN
Beta (β) factor 0.85
CONDITION: *(Area & Reinforcement bars are constant)
Square Column: Area (B x B) 750 mm x 450 mm
Use Reinforcement Bars 12 - 32 mm
As 9650.973 mm
As1 = As/2 4825.486 mm
Clear Cover (C) 110 mm
Tie wire (tw): min of 10 mm for <32 mm 10 mm
d' = C + 0.5DBar 135 mm
d = H-d' 615 mm
Assume: Balanced Condition
cb = 600d/(fy+600) 388.42 mm
a = βc 330 mm
Cc = 0.85f'c(a)(b) 5809.128 KN
fs' = 600(c - d')/c 391.463
If fs' > fy ; use fs' = fy 350 MPa
Cs= As1(fs') 1688.920 KN
T = As1(fy) 1688.920 KN
∑FV = 0 ↑+
Pbn = Cc + Cs - T 5809.128 KN
x1 = (B-2d')/2 240 mm
∑MT = 0 (clockwise +)
Pbn (x) = Cc(d-a/2) + Cs(d-d') 1638023.848
x = [Cc(d-a/2) + Cs(d-d')]/Pbn 589.47 mm
eb = x - x1 349.47 mm
if eb > eux (Compression controls) Compression controls
Assume: Compression bars will yield
fs' = fy 350.000
Cc = 0.85f'c(βc)(b) ; (unknown value of c) 14955.7500 (c)
39
Cs = As1(fs') 133183.4223 N
fs = 600(d-c)/c 337.2619 KN
T = As1(fs) 2895291.790 (d-c)/c
Considering (ey = 0)
∑FV = 0 ↑+
Pnx = Cc + Cs - T → eq. 1 5809.1282 (a1)
∑MT = 0 (clockwise +)
Pnx(x1+eux) = Cc(d-a/2)+Cs(d-d') →eq. 2 1638023.848
Solve "c" manually by 2 eq.-2 unknown
c= 393.7 mm
a = βc 334.645 mm
Pnx (x1+eux) = Cc(d-a/2) + Cs(d-d') -1494.27 KN.m
Pnx = Cc + Cs - T -1494.27 KN.m
Pnx1-Pnx2=0→(the value of c is correct) 0
CHECK DUCTILITY
Єy = fy/Es 0.0017500
Єs = 0.003(d-c)/c 0.001686
ЄS > Єy (Tension Steel yields) Does not yield
Єs' = 0.003(c- d')/c 0.003000
Єs' > Єy (Compression Steel yields) OK
Assume: Compression bars will yield
if eb > euy (Compression controls) Tension controls
fs' = fy 350.000
Cc = 0.85f'c(βc)(b) ; (unknown value of c) 5888078.7750 (c)
Cs = As1(fs') 133183.422 N
fs = 600(d-c)/c 337.2619 KN
T = As1(fs) 2895291.790 (d-c)/c
Considering (ey = 0)
∑FV = 0 ↑+
Pny = Cc + Cs - T → eq. 1 -1494.269 (a2)
∑MT = 0 (clockwise +)
Pny(x1+euy) = Cc(d-a/2)+Cs(d-d') →eq. 2 -1494.26914
Solve "c" manually by 2 eq.-2 unknown
c= 391.50 mm
a = βc 332.775 mm
Pny (x1+euy) = Cc(d-a/2) + Cs(d-d') 2303663.16 KN
Pnx = Cc + Cs - T 2303663.16 KN
Pnx-Pnx2=0→(the value of c is correct) 0
CHECK DUCTILITY
Єy = fy/Es 0.0017500
Єs = 0.003(d-c)/c 0.001686
ЄS > Єy (Tension Steel yields) Does not yield
Єs' = 0.003(c- d')/c 0.001966
Єs' > Єy (Compression Steel yields) OK
∅ CHECK THE CAPACITY OF THE COLUMN
Pn 2303663.2 KN
Actual PU = Pn 1497381.0515 KN.m
PU < PU (Actual) SAFE
CHECK FOR MOMENT
MU = PU(eux) 50962.1062107
MUX < MU (Actual) SAFE
CHECK FOR THE VERTICAL SPACING OF TIE WIRES (S)
Vertical spacing shall not exceed the following:
a. 16 longitudinal bar diameter; S = 16(DBar) 512 mm
b. 48 tie bar/wire diameter; S = 48(tw) 480 mm
c. least dimension of column; S = B 750 mm 40
Use Spacing (S) 480 mm o. c.
 DESIGN OF COLUMN C3

DESIGN OF CORNER COLUMN

Along Transverse & Longitudinal: Bending in One SQUARE TIED COLUMN ONLY
Direction

f'c 20.7 MPa

fy 370.0 MPa
Es 200000 MPa
ex 35.84 mm
ey 28.27 mm
PU 4150.921 KN
Beta (β) factor 0.85
CONDITION: *(Area & Reinforcement bars are constant)
Square Column: Area (B x B) 750 mm x 750 mm
Use Reinforcement Bars 10 - 32 mm
As 8042.477 mm
As1 = As/2 4021.239 mm
Clear Cover (C) 40 mm
Tie wire (tw): min of 10 mm for <32 mm 10 mm
d' = C + 0.5DBar 65 mm
d = H-d' 685 mm
Assume: Balanced Condition
cb = 600d/(fy+600) 423.71 mm
a = βc 360 mm
Cc = 0.85f'c(a)(b) 4752.691 KN
fs' = 600(c - d')/c 507.956
If fs' > fy ; use fs' = fy 370 MPa
Cs= As1(fs') 1487.858 KN
T = As1(fy) 1487.858 KN
∑FV = 0 ↑+

Pbn = Cc + Cs - T 4752.691 KN

x1 = (B-2d')/2 310 mm
∑MT = 0 (clockwise +)
Pbn (x) = Cc(d-a/2) + Cs(d-d')
x = [Cc(d-a/2) + Cs(d-d')]/Pbn 699.02 mm
eb = x - x1 389.02 mm
if eb > eux (Compression controls) Compression controls
Assume: Compression bars will yield
41
fs' = fy
Cc = 0.85f'c(βc)(b) ; (unknown value of c) 11216.8125 (c)
Cs = As1(fs') 1487858.2807 N
fs = 600(d-c)/c 410400.0000 KN
T = As1(fs) 2412743.158 (d-c)/c

Considering (ey = 0)
∑FV = 0 ↑+
Pnx = Cc + Cs - T → eq. 1 4752.6907 (a1)
∑MT = 0 (clockwise +)
Pnx(x1+eux) = Cc(d-a/2)+Cs(d-d') →eq. 2 -297.34 KN.m
Solve "c" manually by 2 eq.-2 unknown
c= 393.7 mm
a = βc 334.645 mm
Pnx (x1+eux) = Cc(d-a/2) + Cs(d-d') -297.34 KN.m
Pnx = Cc + Cs - T -297.34 KN.m
Pnx1-Pnx2=0→(the value of c is correct) 0
CHECK DUCTILITY
Єy = fy/Es 0.0018500
Єs = 0.003(d-c)/c 0.002220
ЄS > Єy (Tension Steel yields) OK
Єs' = 0.003(c- d')/c 0.002505
Єs' > Єy (Compression Steel yields) OK
Assume: Compression bars will yield
if eb > euy (Compression controls) Tension controls
fs' = fy
Cc = 0.85f'c(βc)(b) ; (unknown value of c) 4416059.0813 (c)
Cs = As1(fs') 1487858.281 N
fs = 600(d-c)/c 410400.0000 KN
T = As1(fs) 2412743.158 (d-c)/c
Considering (ey = 0)
∑FV = 0 ↑+
Pny = Cc + Cs - T → eq. 1 -297.339 (a2)
∑MT = 0 (clockwise +)
Pny(x1+euy) = Cc(d-a/2)+Cs(d-d') →eq. 2 -297.33878
Solve "c" manually by 2 eq.-2 unknown
c= 391.50 mm
a = βc 332.775 mm
Pny (x1+euy) = Cc(d-a/2) + Cs(d-d') 1728566.20 KN
Pnx = Cc + Cs - T 1728566.20 KN
Pnx-Pnx2=0→(the value of c is correct) 0
CHECK DUCTILITY
Єy = fy/Es 0.0018500
Єs = 0.003(d-c)/c 0.002249
ЄS > Єy (Tension Steel yields) OK
Єs' = 0.003(c- d')/c 0.002502
ЄS' > Єy (Compression Steel yields) OK
CHECK THE CAPACITY OF THE COLUMN
Po = 0.85f'c(Ag-Ast)+Astfy 18966.7 KN
Bresler's Reciprocal Load Equation:
∅
(1/Pn)=(1/Pnx)+(1/Pny)+(1/Po)
Pn = PnxPnyPo/(PnyPo + PnxPo + PnxPny) 18559.372 KN
Actual PU = Pn 16703.435 KN
PU < PU (Actual) SAFE
CHECK FOR THE VERTICAL SPACING OF TIE WIRES (S)
Vertical spacing shall not exceed the ff.;
a. 16 longitudinal bar; S = 16(DBar) 512 mm 42
b. 48 tie bar/wire diameter; S = 48(tw) 480 mm
c. least dimension of column; S = B 750 mm
Use Spacing (S) 480 mm o. c.
 DESIGN OF COLUMN C4
DESIGN OFEXTERIOR (LONGITUDINAL) COLUMN
Along Transverse & Longitudinal: Bending in One SQUARE TIED COLUMN ONLY

f'c 27.6 MPa

fy 350.0 MPa
Es 200000 MPa
ex 34.03 mm
ey 26.84 mm
PU 4371.255 KN
Beta (β) factor 0.85
CONDITION: *(Area & Reinforcement bars are constant)
Square Column: Area (B x B) 750 mm x 450 mm
Use Reinforcement Bars 12 - 32 mm
As 9650.973 mm
As1 = As/2 4825.486 mm
Clear Cover (C) 110 mm
Tie wire (tw): min of 10 mm for <32 mm 10 mm
d' = C + 0.5DBar 135 mm
d = H-d' 615 mm
Assume: Balanced Condition
cb = 600d/(fy+600) 388.42 mm
a = βc 330 mm
Cc = 0.85f'c(a)(b) 5809.128 KN
fs' = 600(c - d')/c 391.463
If fs' > fy ; use fs' = fy 350 MPa
Cs= As1(fs') 1688.920 KN
T = As1(fy) 1688.920 KN
∑FV = 0 ↑+
Pbn = Cc + Cs - T 5809.128 KN
x1 = (B-2d')/2 240 mm
∑MT = 0 (clockwise +)
Pbn (x) = Cc(d-a/2) + Cs(d-d') 1638023.848
x = [Cc(d-a/2) + Cs(d-d')]/Pbn 589.47 mm
eb = x - x1 349.47 mm
if eb > eux (Compression controls) Compression controls
Assume: Compression bars will yield
fs' = fy 350.000
Cc = 0.85f'c(βc)(b) ; (unknown value of c) 14955.7500 (c)

43
Cs = As1(fs') 133183.4223 N
fs = 600(d-c)/c 337.2619 KN
T = As1(fs) 2895291.790 (d-c)/c
Considering (ey = 0)
∑FV = 0 ↑+
Pnx = Cc + Cs - T → eq. 1 5809.1282 (a1)
∑MT = 0 (clockwise +)
Pnx(x1+eux) = Cc(d-a/2)+Cs(d-d') →eq. 2 1638023.848
Solve "c" manually by 2 eq.-2 unknown
c= 393.7 mm
a = βc 334.645 mm
Pnx (x1+eux) = Cc(d-a/2) + Cs(d-d') -1494.27 KN.m
Pnx = Cc + Cs - T -1494.27 KN.m
Pnx1-Pnx2=0→(the value of c is correct) 0
CHECK DUCTILITY
Єy = fy/Es 0.0017500
Єs = 0.003(d-c)/c 0.001686
ЄS > Єy (Tension Steel yields) Does not yield
Єs' = 0.003(c- d')/c 0.003000
Єs' > Єy (Compression Steel yields) OK
Assume: Compression bars will yield
if eb > euy (Compression controls) Tension controls
fs' = fy 350.000
Cc = 0.85f'c(βc)(b) ; (unknown value of c) 5888078.7750 (c)
Cs = As1(fs') 133183.422 N
fs = 600(d-c)/c 337.2619 KN
T = As1(fs) 2895291.790 (d-c)/c
Considering (ey = 0)
∑FV = 0 ↑+
Pny = Cc + Cs - T → eq. 1 -1494.269 (a2)
∑MT = 0 (clockwise +)
Pny(x1+euy) = Cc(d-a/2)+Cs(d-d') →eq. 2 -1494.26914
Solve "c" manually by 2 eq.-2 unknown
c= 391.50 mm
a = βc 332.775 mm
Pny (x1+euy) = Cc(d-a/2) + Cs(d-d') 2303663.16 KN
Pnx = Cc + Cs - T 2303663.16 KN
Pnx-Pnx2=0→(the value of c is correct) 0
CHECK DUCTILITY
Єy = fy/Es 0.0017500
Єs = 0.003(d-c)/c 0.001686
ЄS > Єy (Tension Steel yields) Does not yield
Єs' = 0.003(c- d')/c 0.001966
Єs' > Єy (Compression Steel yields) OK
∅ CHECK THE CAPACITY OF THE COLUMN
Pn 2303663.2 KN
Actual PU = Pn 1497381.0515 KN.m
PU < PU (Actual) SAFE
CHECK FOR MOMENT
MU = PU(eux) 50962.1062107
MUX < MU (Actual) SAFE
CHECK FOR THE VERTICAL SPACING OF TIE WIRES (S)
Vertical spacing shall not exceed the following:
a. 16 longitudinal bar diameter; S = 16(DBar) 512 mm
b. 48 tie bar/wire diameter; S = 48(tw) 480 mm
c. least dimension of column; S = B 750 mm
44
Use Spacing (S) 480 mm o. c.
 DESIGN OF COLUMN C5

DESIGN OF INTERIOR COLUMN

Along Transverse & Longitudinal: Bending in One SQUARE TIED COLUMN ONLY
Direction

f'c 20.7 MPa

fy 370.0 MPa
Es 200000 MPa
ex 35.84 mm
ey 28.27 mm
PU 4150.921 KN
Beta (β) factor 0.85
CONDITION: *(Area & Reinforcement bars are constant)
Square Column: Area (B x B) 750 mm x 750 mm
Use Reinforcement Bars 10 - 32 mm
As 8042.477 mm
As1 = As/2 4021.239 mm
Clear Cover (C) 40 mm
Tie wire (tw): min of 10 mm for <32 mm 10 mm
d' = C + 0.5DBar 65 mm
d = H-d' 685 mm
Assume: Balanced Condition
cb = 600d/(fy+600) 423.71 mm
a = βc 360 mm
Cc = 0.85f'c(a)(b) 4752.691 KN
fs' = 600(c - d')/c 507.956
If fs' > fy ; use fs' = fy 370 MPa
Cs= As1(fs') 1487.858 KN
T = As1(fy) 1487.858 KN
∑FV = 0 ↑+

Pbn = Cc + Cs - T 4752.691 KN

x1 = (B-2d')/2 310 mm
∑MT = 0 (clockwise +)
Pbn (x) = Cc(d-a/2) + Cs(d-d')
x = [Cc(d-a/2) + Cs(d-d')]/Pbn 699.02 mm
eb = x - x1 389.02 mm
if eb > eux (Compression controls) Compression controls
Assume: Compression bars will yield
fs' = fy 45
Cc = 0.85f'c(βc)(b) ; (unknown value of c) 11216.8125 (c)
Cs = As1(fs') 1487858.2807 N
fs = 600(d-c)/c 410400.0000 KN
T = As1(fs) 2412743.158 (d-c)/c

Considering (ey = 0)
∑FV = 0 ↑+
Pnx = Cc + Cs - T → eq. 1 4752.6907 (a1)
∑MT = 0 (clockwise +)
Pnx(x1+eux) = Cc(d-a/2)+Cs(d-d') →eq. 2 -297.34 KN.m
Solve "c" manually by 2 eq.-2 unknown
c= 393.7 mm
a = βc 334.645 mm
Pnx (x1+eux) = Cc(d-a/2) + Cs(d-d') -297.34 KN.m
Pnx = Cc + Cs - T -297.34 KN.m
Pnx1-Pnx2=0→(the value of c is correct) 0
CHECK DUCTILITY
Єy = fy/Es 0.0018500
Єs = 0.003(d-c)/c 0.002220
ЄS > Єy (Tension Steel yields) OK
Єs' = 0.003(c- d')/c 0.002505
Єs' > Єy (Compression Steel yields) OK
Assume: Compression bars will yield
if eb > euy (Compression controls) Tension controls
fs' = fy
Cc = 0.85f'c(βc)(b) ; (unknown value of c) 4416059.0813 (c)
Cs = As1(fs') 1487858.281 N
fs = 600(d-c)/c 410400.0000 KN
T = As1(fs) 2412743.158 (d-c)/c
Considering (ey = 0)
∑FV = 0 ↑+
Pny = Cc + Cs - T → eq. 1 -297.339 (a2)
∑MT = 0 (clockwise +)
Pny(x1+euy) = Cc(d-a/2)+Cs(d-d') →eq. 2 -297.33878
Solve "c" manually by 2 eq.-2 unknown
c= 391.50 mm
a = βc 332.775 mm
Pny (x1+euy) = Cc(d-a/2) + Cs(d-d') 1728566.20 KN
Pnx = Cc + Cs - T 1728566.20 KN
Pnx-Pnx2=0→(the value of c is correct) 0
CHECK DUCTILITY
Єy = fy/Es 0.0018500
Єs = 0.003(d-c)/c 0.002249
ЄS > Єy (Tension Steel yields) OK
Єs' = 0.003(c- d')/c 0.002502
ЄS' > Єy (Compression Steel yields) OK
CHECK THE CAPACITY OF THE COLUMN
Po = 0.85f'c(Ag-Ast)+Astfy 18966.7 KN
Bresler's Reciprocal Load Equation:
∅
(1/Pn)=(1/Pnx)+(1/Pny)+(1/Po)
Pn = PnxPnyPo/(PnyPo + PnxPo + PnxPny) 18559.372 KN
Actual PU = Pn 16703.435 KN
PU < PU (Actual) SAFE
CHECK FOR THE VERTICAL SPACING OF TIE WIRES (S)
Vertical spacing shall not exceed the ff.; 46
a. 16 longitudinal bar; S = 16(DBar) 512 mm
b. 48 tie bar/wire diameter; S = 48(tw) 480 mm
c. least dimension of column; S = B 750 mm
Use Spacing (S) 480 mm o. c.
 DESIGN OF COLUMN C6
DESIGN OFEXTERIOR (LONGITUDINAL) COLUMN
Along Transverse & Longitudinal: Bending in One SQUARE TIED COLUMN ONLY

f'c 27.6 MPa

fy 350.0 MPa
Es 200000 MPa
ex 34.03 mm
ey 26.84 mm
PU 4371.255 KN
Beta (β) factor 0.85
CONDITION: *(Area & Reinforcement bars are constant)
Square Column: Area (B x B) 750 mm x 450 mm
Use Reinforcement Bars 12 - 32 mm
As 9650.973 mm
As1 = As/2 4825.486 mm
Clear Cover (C) 110 mm
Tie wire (tw): min of 10 mm for <32 mm 10 mm
d' = C + 0.5DBar 135 mm
d = H-d' 615 mm
Assume: Balanced Condition
cb = 600d/(fy+600) 388.42 mm
a = βc 330 mm
Cc = 0.85f'c(a)(b) 5809.128 KN
fs' = 600(c - d')/c 391.463
If fs' > fy ; use fs' = fy 350 MPa
Cs= As1(fs') 1688.920 KN
T = As1(fy) 1688.920 KN
∑FV = 0 ↑+
Pbn = Cc + Cs - T 5809.128 KN
x1 = (B-2d')/2 240 mm
∑MT = 0 (clockwise +)
Pbn (x) = Cc(d-a/2) + Cs(d-d') 1638023.848
x = [Cc(d-a/2) + Cs(d-d')]/Pbn 589.47 mm
eb = x - x1 349.47 mm
if eb > eux (Compression controls) Compression controls
Assume: Compression bars will yield
fs' = fy 350.000
Cc = 0.85f'c(βc)(b) ; (unknown value of c) 14955.7500 (c)
47
Cs = As1(fs') 133183.4223 N
fs = 600(d-c)/c 337.2619 KN
T = As1(fs) 2895291.790 (d-c)/c
Considering (ey = 0)
∑FV = 0 ↑+
Pnx = Cc + Cs - T → eq. 1 5809.1282 (a1)
∑MT = 0 (clockwise +)
Pnx(x1+eux) = Cc(d-a/2)+Cs(d-d') →eq. 2 1638023.848
Solve "c" manually by 2 eq.-2 unknown
c= 393.7 mm
a = βc 334.645 mm
Pnx (x1+eux) = Cc(d-a/2) + Cs(d-d') -1494.27 KN.m
Pnx = Cc + Cs - T -1494.27 KN.m
Pnx1-Pnx2=0→(the value of c is correct) 0
CHECK DUCTILITY
Єy = fy/Es 0.0017500
Єs = 0.003(d-c)/c 0.001686
ЄS > Єy (Tension Steel yields) Does not yield
Єs' = 0.003(c- d')/c 0.003000
Єs' > Єy (Compression Steel yields) OK
Assume: Compression bars will yield
if eb > euy (Compression controls) Tension controls
fs' = fy 350.000
Cc = 0.85f'c(βc)(b) ; (unknown value of c) 5888078.7750 (c)
Cs = As1(fs') 133183.422 N
fs = 600(d-c)/c 337.2619 KN
T = As1(fs) 2895291.790 (d-c)/c
Considering (ey = 0)
∑FV = 0 ↑+
Pny = Cc + Cs - T → eq. 1 -1494.269 (a2)
∑MT = 0 (clockwise +)
Pny(x1+euy) = Cc(d-a/2)+Cs(d-d') →eq. 2 -1494.26914
Solve "c" manually by 2 eq.-2 unknown
c= 391.50 mm
a = βc 332.775 mm
Pny (x1+euy) = Cc(d-a/2) + Cs(d-d') 2303663.16 KN
Pnx = Cc + Cs - T 2303663.16 KN
Pnx-Pnx2=0→(the value of c is correct) 0

CHECK DUCTILITY
Єy = fy/Es 0.0017500
Єs = 0.003(d-c)/c 0.001686
ЄS > Єy (Tension Steel yields) Does not yield
Єs' = 0.003(c- d')/c 0.001966
Єs' > Єy (Compression Steel yields) OK
∅ CHECK THE CAPACITY OF THE COLUMN
Pn 2303663.2 KN
Actual PU = Pn 1497381.0515 KN.m
PU < PU (Actual) SAFE
CHECK FOR MOMENT
MU = PU(eux) 50962.1062107
MUX < MU (Actual) SAFE
CHECK FOR THE VERTICAL SPACING OF TIE WIRES (S)
Vertical spacing shall not exceed the following:
a. 16 longitudinal bar diameter; S = 16(DBar) 512 mm
b. 48 tie bar/wire diameter; S = 48(tw) 480 mm
c. least dimension of column; S = B 750 mm
48
Use Spacing (S) 480 mm o. c.
 DESIGN OF COLUMN C7

DESIGN OF CORNER COLUMN

Along Transverse & Longitudinal: Bending in One SQUARE TIED COLUMN ONLY
Direction

f'c 20.7 MPa

fy 370.0 MPa
Es 200000 MPa
ex 35.84 mm
ey 28.27 mm
PU 4150.921 KN
Beta (β) factor 0.85
CONDITION: *(Area & Reinforcement bars are constant)
Square Column: Area (B x B) 750 mm x 750 mm
Use Reinforcement Bars 10 - 32 mm
As 8042.477 mm
As1 = As/2 4021.239 mm
Clear Cover (C) 40 mm
Tie wire (tw): min of 10 mm for <32 mm 10 mm
d' = C + 0.5DBar 65 mm
d = H-d' 685 mm
Assume: Balanced Condition
cb = 600d/(fy+600) 423.71 mm
a = βc 360 mm
Cc = 0.85f'c(a)(b) 4752.691 KN
fs' = 600(c - d')/c 507.956
If fs' > fy ; use fs' = fy 370 MPa
Cs= As1(fs') 1487.858 KN
T = As1(fy) 1487.858 KN
∑FV = 0 ↑+
Pbn = Cc + Cs - T 4752.691 KN
x1 = (B-2d')/2 310 mm
∑MT = 0 (clockwise +)
Pbn (x) = Cc(d-a/2) + Cs(d-d')
x = [Cc(d-a/2) + Cs(d-d')]/Pbn 699.02 mm
eb = x - x1 389.02 mm
if eb > eux (Compression controls) Compression controls
Assume: Compression bars will yield 49
fs' = fy
Cc = 0.85f'c(βc)(b) ; (unknown value of c) 11216.8125 (c)
Cs = As1(fs') 1487858.2807 N
fs = 600(d-c)/c 410400.0000 KN
T = As1(fs) 2412743.158 (d-c)/c

Considering (ey = 0)
∑FV = 0 ↑+
Pnx = Cc + Cs - T → eq. 1 4752.6907 (a1)
∑MT = 0 (clockwise +)
Pnx(x1+eux) = Cc(d-a/2)+Cs(d-d') →eq. 2 -297.34 KN.m
Solve "c" manually by 2 eq.-2 unknown
c= 393.7 mm
a = βc 334.645 mm
Pnx (x1+eux) = Cc(d-a/2) + Cs(d-d') -297.34 KN.m
Pnx = Cc + Cs - T -297.34 KN.m
Pnx1-Pnx2=0→(the value of c is correct) 0
CHECK DUCTILITY
Єy = fy/Es 0.0018500
Єs = 0.003(d-c)/c 0.002220
ЄS > Єy (Tension Steel yields) OK
Єs' = 0.003(c- d')/c 0.002505
Єs' > Єy (Compression Steel yields) OK
Assume: Compression bars will yield
if eb > euy (Compression controls) Tension controls
fs' = fy
Cc = 0.85f'c(βc)(b) ; (unknown value of c) 4416059.0813 (c)
Cs = As1(fs') 1487858.281 N
fs = 600(d-c)/c 410400.0000 KN
T = As1(fs) 2412743.158 (d-c)/c
Considering (ey = 0)
∑FV = 0 ↑+
Pny = Cc + Cs - T → eq. 1 -297.339 (a2)
∑MT = 0 (clockwise +)
Pny(x1+euy) = Cc(d-a/2)+Cs(d-d') →eq. 2 -297.33878
Solve "c" manually by 2 eq.-2 unknown
c= 391.50 mm
a = βc 332.775 mm
Pny (x1+euy) = Cc(d-a/2) + Cs(d-d') 1728566.20 KN
Pnx = Cc + Cs - T 1728566.20 KN
Pnx-Pnx2=0→(the value of c is correct) 0
CHECK DUCTILITY
Єy = fy/Es 0.0018500
Єs = 0.003(d-c)/c 0.002249
ЄS > Єy (Tension Steel yields) OK
Єs' = 0.003(c- d')/c 0.002502
ЄS' > Єy (Compression Steel yields) OK
CHECK THE CAPACITY OF THE COLUMN
Po = 0.85f'c(Ag-Ast)+Astfy 18966.7 KN
Bresler's Reciprocal Load Equation:
∅
(1/Pn)=(1/Pnx)+(1/Pny)+(1/Po)
Pn = PnxPnyPo/(PnyPo + PnxPo + PnxPny) 18559.372 KN
Actual PU = Pn 16703.435 KN
PU < PU (Actual) SAFE
CHECK FOR THE VERTICAL SPACING OF TIE WIRES (S)
Vertical spacing shall not exceed the ff.;
a. 16 longitudinal bar; S = 16(DBar) 512 mm 50
b. 48 tie bar/wire diameter; S = 48(tw) 480 mm
c. least dimension of column; S = B 750 mm
Use Spacing (S) 480 mm o. c.
 DESIGN OF COLUMN C8
DESIGN OFEXTERIOR (LONGITUDINAL) COLUMN
Along Transverse & Longitudinal: Bending in One SQUARE TIED COLUMN ONLY

f'c 27.6 MPa

fy 350.0 MPa
Es 200000 MPa
ex 34.03 mm
ey 26.84 mm
PU 4371.255 KN
Beta (β) factor 0.85
CONDITION: *(Area & Reinforcement bars are constant)
Square Column: Area (B x B) 750 mm x 450 mm
Use Reinforcement Bars 12 - 32 mm
As 9650.973 mm
As1 = As/2 4825.486 mm
Clear Cover (C) 110 mm
Tie wire (tw): min of 10 mm for <32 mm 10 mm
d' = C + 0.5DBar 135 mm
d = H-d' 615 mm
Assume: Balanced Condition
cb = 600d/(fy+600) 388.42 mm
a = βc 330 mm
Cc = 0.85f'c(a)(b) 5809.128 KN
fs' = 600(c - d')/c 391.463
If fs' > fy ; use fs' = fy 350 MPa
Cs= As1(fs') 1688.920 KN
T = As1(fy) 1688.920 KN
∑FV = 0 ↑+
Pbn = Cc + Cs - T 5809.128 KN
x1 = (B-2d')/2 240 mm
∑MT = 0 (clockwise +)
Pbn (x) = Cc(d-a/2) + Cs(d-d') 1638023.848
x = [Cc(d-a/2) + Cs(d-d')]/Pbn 589.47 mm
eb = x - x1 349.47 mm
if eb > eux (Compression controls) Compression controls
Assume: Compression bars will yield
fs' = fy 350.000
Cc = 0.85f'c(βc)(b) ; (unknown value of c) 14955.7500 (c)
51
Cs = As1(fs') 133183.4223 N
fs = 600(d-c)/c 337.2619 KN
T = As1(fs) 2895291.790 (d-c)/c
Considering (ey = 0)
∑FV = 0 ↑+
Pnx = Cc + Cs - T → eq. 1 5809.1282 (a1)
∑MT = 0 (clockwise +)
Pnx(x1+eux) = Cc(d-a/2)+Cs(d-d') →eq. 2 1638023.848
Solve "c" manually by 2 eq.-2 unknown
c= 393.7 mm
a = βc 334.645 mm
Pnx (x1+eux) = Cc(d-a/2) + Cs(d-d') -1494.27 KN.m
Pnx = Cc + Cs - T -1494.27 KN.m
Pnx1-Pnx2=0→(the value of c is correct) 0
CHECK DUCTILITY
Єy = fy/Es 0.0017500
Єs = 0.003(d-c)/c 0.001686
ЄS > Єy (Tension Steel yields) Does not yield
Єs' = 0.003(c- d')/c 0.003000
Єs' > Єy (Compression Steel yields) OK
Assume: Compression bars will yield
if eb > euy (Compression controls) Tension controls
fs' = fy 350.000
Cc = 0.85f'c(βc)(b) ; (unknown value of c) 5888078.7750 (c)
Cs = As1(fs') 133183.422 N
fs = 600(d-c)/c 337.2619 KN
T = As1(fs) 2895291.790 (d-c)/c
Considering (ey = 0)
∑FV = 0 ↑+
Pny = Cc + Cs - T → eq. 1 -1494.269 (a2)
∑MT = 0 (clockwise +)
Pny(x1+euy) = Cc(d-a/2)+Cs(d-d') →eq. 2 -1494.26914
Solve "c" manually by 2 eq.-2 unknown
c= 391.50 mm
a = βc 332.775 mm
Pny (x1+euy) = Cc(d-a/2) + Cs(d-d') 2303663.16 KN
Pnx = Cc + Cs - T 2303663.16 KN
Pnx-Pnx2=0→(the value of c is correct) 0
CHECK DUCTILITY
Єy = fy/Es 0.0017500
Єs = 0.003(d-c)/c 0.001686
ЄS > Єy (Tension Steel yields) Does not yield
Єs' = 0.003(c- d')/c 0.001966
Єs' > Єy (Compression Steel yields) OK
∅ CHECK THE CAPACITY OF THE COLUMN
Pn 2303663.2 KN
Actual PU = Pn 1497381.0515 KN.m
PU < PU (Actual) SAFE
CHECK FOR MOMENT
MU = PU(eux) 50962.1062107
MUX < MU (Actual) SAFE
CHECK FOR THE VERTICAL SPACING OF TIE WIRES (S)
Vertical spacing shall not exceed the following:
a. 16 longitudinal bar diameter; S = 16(DBar) 512 mm
b. 48 tie bar/wire diameter; S = 48(tw) 480 mm
c. least dimension of column; S = B 750 mm 52
Use Spacing (S) 480 mm o. c.
 DESIGN OF COLUMN C9

DESIGN OF CORNER COLUMN

Along Transverse & Longitudinal: Bending in One SQUARE TIED COLUMN ONLY
Direction

f'c 20.7 MPa

fy 370.0 MPa
Es 200000 MPa
ex 35.84 mm
ey 28.27 mm
PU 4150.921 KN
Beta (β) factor 0.85
CONDITION: *(Area & Reinforcement bars are constant)
Square Column: Area (B x B) 750 mm x 750 mm
Use Reinforcement Bars 10 - 32 mm
As 8042.477 mm
As1 = As/2 4021.239 mm
Clear Cover (C) 40 mm
Tie wire (tw): min of 10 mm for <32 mm 10 mm
d' = C + 0.5DBar 65 mm
d = H-d' 685 mm
Assume: Balanced Condition
cb = 600d/(fy+600) 423.71 mm
a = βc 360 mm
Cc = 0.85f'c(a)(b) 4752.691 KN
fs' = 600(c - d')/c 507.956
If fs' > fy ; use fs' = fy 370 MPa
Cs= As1(fs') 1487.858 KN
T = As1(fy) 1487.858 KN
∑FV = 0 ↑+

Pbn = Cc + Cs - T 4752.691 KN

x1 = (B-2d')/2 310 mm
∑MT = 0 (clockwise +)
Pbn (x) = Cc(d-a/2) + Cs(d-d')
x = [Cc(d-a/2) + Cs(d-d')]/Pbn 699.02 mm
eb = x - x1 389.02 mm
if eb > eux (Compression controls) Compression controls
Assume: Compression bars will yield
fs' = fy 53
Cc = 0.85f'c(βc)(b) ; (unknown value of c) 11216.8125 (c)
Cs = As1(fs') 1487858.2807 N
fs = 600(d-c)/c 410400.0000 KN
T = As1(fs) 2412743.158 (d-c)/c

Considering (ey = 0)
∑FV = 0 ↑+
Pnx = Cc + Cs - T → eq. 1 4752.6907 (a1)
∑MT = 0 (clockwise +)
Pnx(x1+eux) = Cc(d-a/2)+Cs(d-d') →eq. 2 -297.34 KN.m
Solve "c" manually by 2 eq.-2 unknown
c= 393.7 mm
a = βc 334.645 mm
Pnx (x1+eux) = Cc(d-a/2) + Cs(d-d') -297.34 KN.m
Pnx = Cc + Cs - T -297.34 KN.m
Pnx1-Pnx2=0→(the value of c is correct) 0
CHECK DUCTILITY
Єy = fy/Es 0.0018500
Єs = 0.003(d-c)/c 0.002220
ЄS > Єy (Tension Steel yields) OK
Єs' = 0.003(c- d')/c 0.002505
Єs' > Єy (Compression Steel yields) OK
Assume: Compression bars will yield
if eb > euy (Compression controls) Tension controls
fs' = fy
Cc = 0.85f'c(βc)(b) ; (unknown value of c) 4416059.0813 (c)
Cs = As1(fs') 1487858.281 N
fs = 600(d-c)/c 410400.0000 KN
T = As1(fs) 2412743.158 (d-c)/c
Considering (ey = 0)
∑FV = 0 ↑+
Pny = Cc + Cs - T → eq. 1 -297.339 (a2)
∑MT = 0 (clockwise +)
Pny(x1+euy) = Cc(d-a/2)+Cs(d-d') →eq. 2 -297.33878
Solve "c" manually by 2 eq.-2 unknown
c= 391.50 mm
a = βc 332.775 mm
Pny (x1+euy) = Cc(d-a/2) + Cs(d-d') 1728566.20 KN
Pnx = Cc + Cs - T 1728566.20 KN
Pnx-Pnx2=0→(the value of c is correct) 0
CHECK DUCTILITY
Єy = fy/Es 0.0018500
Єs = 0.003(d-c)/c 0.002249
ЄS > Єy (Tension Steel yields) OK
Єs' = 0.003(c- d')/c 0.002502
ЄS' > Єy (Compression Steel yields) OK
CHECK THE CAPACITY OF THE COLUMN
Po = 0.85f'c(Ag-Ast)+Astfy 18966.7 KN
Bresler's Reciprocal Load Equation:
∅
(1/Pn)=(1/Pnx)+(1/Pny)+(1/Po)
Pn = PnxPnyPo/(PnyPo + PnxPo + PnxPny) 18559.372 KN
Actual PU = Pn 16703.435 KN
PU < PU (Actual) SAFE
CHECK FOR THE VERTICAL SPACING OF TIE WIRES (S)
Vertical spacing shall not exceed the ff.;
a. 16 longitudinal bar; S = 16(DBar) 512 mm 54
b. 48 tie bar/wire diameter; S = 48(tw) 480 mm
c. least dimension of column; S = B 750 mm
Use Spacing (S) 480 mm o. c.
 TABULATED SCHEDULES OF BEAMS :

DESIGN OF BEAM AT LONGITUDINAL

SECOND FLOOR
BEAM 1
DATA Unit Support Midspan
f' c Mpa 20.7
fy Mpa 276
Es Mpa 200000
Clear Cover (cc) mm 40 40
b mm 400
H mm 400
d' = cc +DS + 0.5DBar mm 64.0 64.0
d = H-d' mm 336.0 336.0
Factored MU KN.m 129.640 210.770
Factored VU KN 54.570
WU KN/m 67.13
Beta (β) factor 0.85
ρmax = (3/7)(0.85f' cβ/fy ) 0.02322 0.02322
ρ= (0.85f' c/fy )(1-√(1-(2Rn/0.85f' c)) 0.01285 0.02542
ρmin = 1.4/fy 0.00507 0.00507
ρmin ˂ ρ ˂ ρmax ; use ρ 0.01285 0.02322
ф = 0.65 + 0.25((800-fy )/(1000-fy )) 0.831
Mn1 = Mnmax = (51/140)βf' cbd²(1-(3/14)β) KN.m 236.727 236.727
Mn1 = ф Mnmax KN.m 196.706 196.706
ANALYSIS OF THE REINFORCED BEAM: DESIGN AS Singly Reinforced Doubly Reinforced
ф Mtn = (459/1600)βf' cbd²(1-(3/16)β) KN.m 191.612 191.612
CONDITION OF THE SECTION Tension-Controlled
BEAM REINFORCED FOR Tension only Tension & Comp.
ф = 0.90; if Tension-Controlled 0.90 0.83
Coefficient of Resistance: Rn = MU/фbd² 3.19 5.62
AS1 = ρbd mm² 1727.41 3121.20
if Transition Region solve ( c ) mm - -
solve for (a); a = βc mm - -
AS1 = 0.85 f' cab/fy mm² - -
MU2 = MU - MU1 KN.m - 14.06
AS2=MU2/(фfy (d-d')) mm² - 225.46
AS=AS1+AS2 mm² - 3346.66

55
Diameter of Bars for Tension (DBar) mm 28 28
N=AS/ABar pcs 2.81 5.44
Use N pcs 4 4
CL=(b-(N-1)DBar-2d')/(N-1) mm 63 63
Main Reinforcement spacing (s) mm 63 63
Arrangement of Reinforcement Bars; DBar < CL >25mm Single Layer Single Layer
ASactual = N(ABar) mm² 2463.01 2463.01
For Tension: Use Reinforcement Bars N-DBar 4 - 28 mm 4 - 28 mm
AS'' = AS2 mm² - 225.46
Diameter of Bars for Compression (DBar) mm 28 28
N'=AS''/ABar pcs - 0.4
Use N' pcs - 1
AS'actual = N'(ABar) mm² - 615.752
For Compression: Use Reinforcement Bars N-DBar 1- 28 mm
CHECK DUCTILITY
a = AS1fy /0.85f' cb mm 67.741 122.400
c = a/β mm 79.696 144.000
Єy = fy /Es 0.00138 0.00138
ЄS = 0.003(d-c)/c 0.00965 0.00400
ЄS > Єy (Tension Steel yields) OK OK
ЄS' = 0.003(c- d')/c 0.001666667
ЄS' > Єy (Compression Steel yields) OK
CHECK THE SECTION
fs = 600(d-c)/c 1929.618434
Tension-Controlled: fs > 1000 MPa OK
Transition Region: fs < 1000 MPa
CHECK AGAINST SHEAR
Factored Shear Force: VU = VU-WU(d) ,d = critical section KN 32.01
VC = 0.17λ√f' c(bwd) ,λ= 1.0 (Normal Wt. Concrete) KN 103.95

SAME
Reduction factor (ф) for shear: 0.75
фVC 77.96
½ фVC KN 38.98
VU > фVC (Stirrups are necessary)
Beam section capable to carry the required shear
VU< фVC but VU >½фVC (Solve using A min of stirrups)
VU <½ фVC (Beam are capable to carry the Req'd. Shear) Stirrups are not necessary
Shear Strength of Stirrups: VS=(VU/ф) - VC KN SAME TO OTHER SIDE
Limiting value of VS = 0.66√f' c(bwd) KN
If VS ≤ 0.66√f' c(bwd) or ">" ; use: VS
0.33√f' c (bd) (for maximum Spacing)
VS > 0.33 √f' c(bd); Smax= d/4 if "≤"; Smax = d/2
mm
Spacing of Shear Reinforcement: S = AVfy d/VS mm
AV = 2ABar mm²
Avmin= 0.062√f' c (bws/fyt ) ≥ 0.35 (bws/fyt )
Spacing of Shear Reinforcement: S: mm
SAME

Diameter of Stirrups (DS) mm 10

Use Spacing (S) mm o.c. 150

56
 DESIGN OF BEAM AT LONGITUDINAL
SECOND FLOOR
BEAM 2
DATA Unit Support Midspan
f' c Mpa 20.7
fy Mpa 276
Es Mpa 200000
Clear Cover (cc) mm 40 40
b mm 400
H mm 400
d' = cc +DS + 0.5DBar mm 64.0 64.0
d = H-d' mm 336.0 336.0
Factored MU KN.m 129.640 210.770
Factored VU KN 54.570
WU KN/m 67.13
Beta (β) factor 0.85
ρmax = (3/7)(0.85f' cβ/fy ) 0.02322 0.02322
ρ= (0.85f' c/fy )(1-√(1-(2Rn/0.85f' c)) 0.01285 0.02542
ρmin = 1.4/fy 0.00507 0.00507
ρmin ˂ ρ ˂ ρmax ; use ρ 0.01285 0.02322
ф = 0.65 + 0.25((800-fy )/(1000-fy )) 0.831
Mn1 = Mnmax = (51/140)βf' cbd²(1-(3/14)β) KN.m 236.727 236.727
Mn1 = ф Mnmax KN.m 196.706 196.706
ANALYSIS OF THE REINFORCED BEAM: DESIGN AS Singly Reinforced Doubly Reinforced
ф Mtn = (459/1600)βf' cbd²(1-(3/16)β) KN.m 191.612 191.612
CONDITION OF THE SECTION Tension-Controlled
BEAM REINFORCED FOR Tension only Tension & Comp.
ф = 0.90; if Tension-Controlled 0.90 0.83
Coefficient of Resistance: Rn = MU/фbd² 3.19 5.62
AS1 = ρbd mm² 1727.41 3121.20
if Transition Region solve ( c ) mm - -
solve for (a); a = βc mm - -
AS1 = 0.85 f' cab/fy mm² - -
MU2 = MU - MU1 KN.m - 14.06
AS2=MU2/(фfy (d-d')) mm² - 225.46
AS=AS1+AS2 mm² - 3346.66

57
58
 DESIGN OF BEAM AT TRANSVERSE
SECOND FLOOR
BEAM 3
DATA Unit Support Midspan
f' c Mpa 20.7
fy Mpa 350
Es Mpa 200000
Clear Cover (cc) mm 40 40
b mm 400
H mm 500
d' = cc +DS + 0.5DBar mm 66.0 68.0
d = H-d' mm 434.0 432.0
Factored MU KN.m 235.250 343.440
Factored VU KN 98.090
WU KN/m 44.73
Beta (β) factor 0.85
ρmax = (3/7)(0.85f' cβ/fy ) 0.01831 0.01831
ρ= (0.85f' c/fy )(1-√(1-(2Rn/0.85f' c)) 0.01115 0.01992
ρmin = 1.4/fy 0.00400 0.00400
ρmin ˂ ρ ˂ ρmax ; use ρ 0.01115 0.01831
ф = 0.65 + 0.25((800-fy )/(1000-fy )) 0.823
Mn1 = Mnmax = (51/140)βf' cbd²(1-(3/14)β) KN.m 394.956 394.956
Mn1 = ф Mnmax KN.m 325.079 325.079
ANALYSIS OF THE REINFORCED BEAM: DESIGN AS Singly Reinforced Doubly Reinforced
ф Mtn = (459/1600)βf' cbd²(1-(3/16)β) KN.m 319.686 319.686
CONDITION OF THE SECTION Tension-Controlled
BEAM REINFORCED FOR Tension only Tension & Comp.
ф = 0.90; if Tension-Controlled 0.90 0.82
Coefficient of Resistance: Rn = MU/фbd² 3.47 5.59
AS1 = ρbd mm² 1935.40 3164.51
if Transition Region solve ( c ) mm - -
solve for (a); a = βc mm - -
AS1 = 0.85 f' cab/fy mm² - -
MU2 = MU - MU1 KN.m - 18.36
AS2=MU2/(фfy (d-d')) mm² - 175.10
AS=AS1+AS2 mm² - 3339.62

59
Diameter of Bars for Tension (D Bar) mm 28 32
N=AS/ABar pcs 3.14 4.15
Use N pcs 4 5
CL=(b-(N-1)DBar-2d')/(N-1) mm 61 34
Main Reinforcement spacing (s) mm 61 34
Arrangement of Reinforcement Bars; D Bar < CL >25mm Single Layer Single Layer
ASactual = N(ABar) mm² 2463.01 4021.24
For Tension: Use Reinforcement Bars N-DBar 4 - 28 mm 5 - 32 mm
AS'' = AS2 mm² - 175.10
Diameter of Bars for Compression (DBar) mm 16 16
N'=AS''/ABar pcs - 0.9
Use N' pcs - 1
AS'actual = N'(ABar) mm² - 201.062
For Compression: Use Reinforcement Bars N-DBar 1- 16 mm
CHECK DUCTILITY
a = AS1fy /0.85f' cb mm 96.248 157.371
c = a/β mm 113.232 185.143
Єy = fy /Es 0.00175 0.00175
ЄS = 0.003(d-c)/c 0.00850 0.00403
ЄS > Єy (Tension Steel yields) OK OK
ЄS' = 0.003(c- d')/c 0.001898148
ЄS' > Єy (Compression Steel yields) OK
CHECK THE SECTION
fs = 600(d-c)/c 1699.693959
Tension-Controlled: fs > 1000 MPa OK
Transition Region: fs < 1000 MPa
CHECK AGAINST SHEAR
Factored Shear Force: VU = VU-WU(d) ,d = critical section KN 78.68
VC = 0.17λ√f' c(bwd) ,λ= 1.0 (Normal Wt. Concrete) KN 134.27

SAME
Reduction factor (ф) for shear: 0.75
фVC 100.70
½ фVC KN 50.35
VU > фVC (Stirrups are necessary)
Solve using minimum area of stirrups
VU< фVC but VU >½фVC (Solve using A min of stirrups)
VU <½ фVC (Beam are capable to carry the Req'd. Shear)
Shear Strength of Stirrups: VS=(VU/ф) - VC KN
SAME TO OTHER SIDE

Limiting value of VS = 0.66√f' c(bwd) KN

If VS ≤ 0.66√f' c(bwd) or ">" ; use: VS
0.33√f' c (bd) (for maximum Spacing)
VS > 0.33 √f' c(bd); Smax= d/4 if "≤"; Smax = d/2 Smax = d/2
Smax = d/2 mm 217
Spacing of Shear Reinforcement: S = AVfy d/VS mm
AV = 2ABar mm² 226.19
Avmin= 0.062√f' c (bws/fyt ) ≥ 0.35 (bws/fyt ) Solve Spacing using minimum area of stirrups
Spacing of Shear Reinforcement: S: mm 701.64
SAME

Diameter of Stirrups (DS) mm 12

Use Spacing (S) mm o.c. 150 60
 DESIGN OF BEAM AT TRANSVERSE
SECOND FLOOR
BEAM 4
DATA Unit Support Midspan
f' c Mpa 20.7
fy Mpa 350
Es Mpa 200000
Clear Cover (cc) mm 40 40
b mm 400
H mm 500
d' = cc +DS + 0.5DBar mm 66.0 68.0
d = H-d' mm 434.0 432.0
Factored MU KN.m 235.250 343.440
Factored VU KN 98.090
WU KN/m 44.73
Beta (β) factor 0.85
ρmax = (3/7)(0.85f' cβ/fy ) 0.01831 0.01831
ρ= (0.85f' c/fy )(1-√(1-(2Rn/0.85f' c)) 0.01115 0.01992
ρmin = 1.4/fy 0.00400 0.00400
ρmin ˂ ρ ˂ ρmax ; use ρ 0.01115 0.01831
ф = 0.65 + 0.25((800-fy )/(1000-fy )) 0.823
Mn1 = Mnmax = (51/140)βf' cbd²(1-(3/14)β) KN.m 394.956 394.956
Mn1 = ф Mnmax KN.m 325.079 325.079
ANALYSIS OF THE REINFORCED BEAM: DESIGN AS Singly Reinforced Doubly Reinforced
ф Mtn = (459/1600)βf' cbd²(1-(3/16)β) KN.m 319.686 319.686
CONDITION OF THE SECTION Tension-Controlled
BEAM REINFORCED FOR Tension only Tension & Comp.
ф = 0.90; if Tension-Controlled 0.90 0.82
Coefficient of Resistance: Rn = MU/фbd² 3.47 5.59
AS1 = ρbd mm² 1935.40 3164.51
if Transition Region solve ( c ) mm - -
solve for (a); a = βc mm - -
AS1 = 0.85 f' cab/fy mm² - -
MU2 = MU - MU1 KN.m - 18.36
AS2=MU2/(фfy (d-d')) mm² - 175.10
AS=AS1+AS2 mm² - 3339.62

61
Diameter of Bars for Tension (D Bar) mm 28 32
N=AS/ABar pcs 3.14 4.15
Use N pcs 4 5
CL=(b-(N-1)DBar-2d')/(N-1) mm 61 34
Main Reinforcement spacing (s) mm 61 34
Arrangement of Reinforcement Bars; D Bar < CL >25mm Single Layer Single Layer
ASactual = N(ABar) mm² 2463.01 4021.24
For Tension: Use Reinforcement Bars N-DBar 4 - 28 mm 5 - 32 mm
AS'' = AS2 mm² - 175.10
Diameter of Bars for Compression (DBar) mm 16 16
N'=AS''/ABar pcs - 0.9
Use N' pcs - 1
AS'actual = N'(ABar) mm² - 201.062
For Compression: Use Reinforcement Bars N-DBar 1- 16 mm
CHECK DUCTILITY
a = AS1fy /0.85f' cb mm 96.248 157.371
c = a/β mm 113.232 185.143
Єy = fy /Es 0.00175 0.00175
ЄS = 0.003(d-c)/c 0.00850 0.00403
ЄS > Єy (Tension Steel yields) OK OK
ЄS' = 0.003(c- d')/c 0.001898148
ЄS' > Єy (Compression Steel yields) OK
CHECK THE SECTION
fs = 600(d-c)/c 1699.693959
Tension-Controlled: fs > 1000 MPa OK
Transition Region: fs < 1000 MPa
CHECK AGAINST SHEAR
Factored Shear Force: VU = VU-WU(d) ,d = critical section KN 78.68
VC = 0.17λ√f' c(bwd) ,λ= 1.0 (Normal Wt. Concrete) KN 134.27

SAME
Reduction factor (ф) for shear: 0.75
фVC 100.70
½ фVC KN 50.35
VU > фVC (Stirrups are necessary)
Solve using minimum area of stirrups
VU< фVC but VU >½фVC (Solve using A min of stirrups)
VU <½ фVC (Beam are capable to carry the Req'd. Shear)
Shear Strength of Stirrups: VS=(VU/ф) - VC KN
SAME TO OTHER SIDE

Limiting value of VS = 0.66√f' c(bwd) KN

If VS ≤ 0.66√f' c(bwd) or ">" ; use: VS
0.33√f' c (bd) (for maximum Spacing)
VS > 0.33 √f' c(bd); Smax= d/4 if "≤"; Smax = d/2 Smax = d/2
Smax = d/2 mm 217
Spacing of Shear Reinforcement: S = AVfy d/VS mm
AV = 2ABar mm² 226.19
Avmin= 0.062√f' c (bws/fyt ) ≥ 0.35 (bws/fyt ) Solve Spacing using minimum area of stirrups
Spacing of Shear Reinforcement: S: mm 701.64
SAME

Diameter of Stirrups (DS) mm 12

Use Spacing (S) mm o.c. 150

62
 DESIGN OF BEAM AT INTERIOR
SECOND FLOOR
BEAM 5
DATA Unit Support Midspan
f' c Mpa 20.7
fy Mpa 276
Es Mpa 200000
Clear Cover (cc) mm 40 40
b mm 400
H mm 380
d' = cc +DS + 0.5DBar mm 66.0 66.0
d = H-d' mm 314.0 314.0
Factored MU KN.m 130.130 210.280
Factored VU KN 55.360
WU KN/m 70.01
Beta (β) factor 0.85
ρmax = (3/7)(0.85f' cβ/fy ) 0.02322 0.02322
ρ= (0.85f' c/fy )(1-√(1-(2Rn/0.85f' c)) 0.01506 0.03059
ρmin = 1.4/fy 0.00507 0.00507
ρmin ˂ ρ ˂ ρmax ; use ρ 0.01506 0.02322
ф = 0.65 + 0.25((800-fy )/(1000-fy )) 0.831
Mn1 = Mnmax = (51/140)βf' cbd²(1-(3/14)β) KN.m 206.742 206.742
Mn1 = ф Mnmax KN.m 171.790 171.790
ANALYSIS OF THE REINFORCED BEAM: DESIGN AS Singly Reinforced Doubly Reinforced
ф Mtn = (459/1600)βf' cbd²(1-(3/16)β) KN.m 167.341 167.341
CONDITION OF THE SECTION Tension-Controlled
BEAM REINFORCED FOR Tension only Tension & Comp.
ф = 0.90; if Tension-Controlled 0.90 0.83
Coefficient of Resistance: Rn = MU/фbd² 3.67 6.42
AS1 = ρbd mm² 1891.89 2916.84
if Transition Region solve ( c ) mm - -
solve for (a); a = βc mm - -
AS1 = 0.85 f' cab/fy mm² - -
MU2 = MU - MU1 KN.m - 38.49
AS2=MU2/(фfy (d-d')) mm² - 676.74
AS=AS1+AS2 mm² - 3593.57

63
Diameter of Bars for Tension (DBar) mm 20 20
N=AS/ABar pcs 6.02 11.44
Use N pcs 7 12
CL=(b-(N-1)DBar-2d')/(N-1) mm 25 4
Main Reinforcement spacing (s) mm 69 34
Arrangement of Reinforcement Bars; DBar < CL >25mm 2 Layers 2 Layers
ASactual = N(ABar) mm² 2199.11 3769.91
For Tension: Use Reinforcement Bars N-DBar 7 - 20 mm 12 - 20 mm
AS'' = AS2 mm² - 676.74
Diameter of Bars for Compression (DBar) mm 20 20
N'=AS''/ABar pcs - 2.2
Use N' pcs - 3
AS'actual = N'(ABar) mm² - 942.478
For Compression: Use Reinforcement Bars N-DBar 3- 20 mm
CHECK DUCTILITY
a = AS1fy /0.85f' cb mm 74.192 114.386
c = a/β mm 87.285 134.571
Єy = fy /Es 0.00138 0.00138
ЄS = 0.003(d-c)/c 0.00779 0.00400
ЄS > Єy (Tension Steel yields) OK OK
ЄS' = 0.003(c- d')/c 0.001528662
ЄS' > Єy (Compression Steel yields) OK
CHECK THE SECTION
fs = 600(d-c)/c 1558.457472
Tension-Controlled: fs > 1000 MPa OK
Transition Region: fs < 1000 MPa
CHECK AGAINST SHEAR
Factored Shear Force: VU = VU-WU(d) ,d = critical section KN 33.38
VC = 0.17λ√f' c(bwd) ,λ= 1.0 (Normal Wt. Concrete) KN 97.15

SAME
Reduction factor (ф) for shear: 0.75
фVC 72.86
½ фVC KN 36.43
VU > фVC (Stirrups are necessary)
Beam section capable to carry the required shear
VU< фVC but VU >½фVC (Solve using A min of stirrups)
VU <½ фVC (Beam are capable to carry the Req'd. Shear) Stirrups are not necessary
SAME TO OTHER SIDE

Shear Strength of Stirrups: VS=(VU/ф) - VC KN

Limiting value of VS = 0.66√f' c(bwd) KN
If VS ≤ 0.66√f' c(bwd) or ">" ; use: VS
0.33√f' c (bd) (for maximum Spacing)
VS > 0.33 √f' c(bd); Smax= d/4 if "≤"; Smax = d/2
mm
Spacing of Shear Reinforcement: S = AVfy d/VS mm
AV = 2ABar mm²
Avmin= 0.062√f' c (bws/fyt ) ≥ 0.35 (bws/fyt )
Spacing of Shear Reinforcement: S: mm
SAME

Diameter of Stirrups (DS) mm 16

Use Spacing (S) mm o.c. 125

64
 DESIGN OF BEAM AT INTERIOR
GROUND FLOOR
BEAM 5
DATA Unit Support Midspan
f' c Mpa 20.7
fy Mpa 276
Es Mpa 200000
Clear Cover (cc) mm 40 40
b mm 400
H mm 380
d' = cc +DS + 0.5DBar mm 66.0 66.0
d = H-d' mm 314.0 314.0
Factored MU KN.m 130.130 210.280
Factored VU KN 55.360
WU KN/m 70.01
Beta (β) factor 0.85
ρmax = (3/7)(0.85f' cβ/fy ) 0.02322 0.02322
ρ= (0.85f' c/fy )(1-√(1-(2Rn/0.85f' c)) 0.01506 0.03059
ρmin = 1.4/fy 0.00507 0.00507
ρmin ˂ ρ ˂ ρmax ; use ρ 0.01506 0.02322
ф = 0.65 + 0.25((800-fy )/(1000-fy )) 0.831
Mn1 = Mnmax = (51/140)βf' cbd²(1-(3/14)β) KN.m 206.742 206.742
Mn1 = ф Mnmax KN.m 171.790 171.790
ANALYSIS OF THE REINFORCED BEAM: DESIGN AS Singly Reinforced Doubly Reinforced
ф Mtn = (459/1600)βf' cbd²(1-(3/16)β) KN.m 167.341 167.341
CONDITION OF THE SECTION Tension-Controlled
BEAM REINFORCED FOR Tension only Tension & Comp.
ф = 0.90; if Tension-Controlled 0.90 0.83
Coefficient of Resistance: Rn = MU/фbd² 3.67 6.42
AS1 = ρbd mm² 1891.89 2916.84
if Transition Region solve ( c ) mm - -
solve for (a); a = βc mm - -
AS1 = 0.85 f' cab/fy mm² - -
MU2 = MU - MU1 KN.m - 38.49
AS2=MU2/(фfy (d-d')) mm² - 676.74
AS=AS1+AS2 mm² - 3593.57

65
Diameter of Bars for Tension (DBar) mm 20 20
N=AS/ABar pcs 6.02 11.44
Use N pcs 7 12
CL=(b-(N-1)DBar-2d')/(N-1) mm 25 4
Main Reinforcement spacing (s) mm 69 34
Arrangement of Reinforcement Bars; DBar < CL >25mm 2 Layers 2 Layers
ASactual = N(ABar) mm² 2199.11 3769.91
For Tension: Use Reinforcement Bars N-DBar 7 - 20 mm 12 - 20 mm
AS'' = AS2 mm² - 676.74
Diameter of Bars for Compression (DBar) mm 20 20
N'=AS''/ABar pcs - 2.2
Use N' pcs - 3
AS'actual = N'(ABar) mm² - 942.478
For Compression: Use Reinforcement Bars N-DBar 3- 20 mm
CHECK DUCTILITY
a = AS1fy /0.85f' cb mm 74.192 114.386
c = a/β mm 87.285 134.571
Єy = fy /Es 0.00138 0.00138
ЄS = 0.003(d-c)/c 0.00779 0.00400
ЄS > Єy (Tension Steel yields) OK OK
ЄS' = 0.003(c- d')/c 0.001528662
ЄS' > Єy (Compression Steel yields) OK
CHECK THE SECTION
fs = 600(d-c)/c 1558.457472
Tension-Controlled: fs > 1000 MPa OK
Transition Region: fs < 1000 MPa
CHECK AGAINST SHEAR
Factored Shear Force: VU = VU-WU(d) ,d = critical section KN 33.38
VC = 0.17λ√f' c(bwd) ,λ= 1.0 (Normal Wt. Concrete) KN 97.15

SAME
Reduction factor (ф) for shear: 0.75
фVC 72.86
½ фVC KN 36.43
VU > фVC (Stirrups are necessary)
Beam section capable to carry the required shear
VU< фVC but VU >½фVC (Solve using A min of stirrups)
VU <½ фVC (Beam are capable to carry the Req'd. Shear) Stirrups are not necessary
SAME TO OTHER SIDE

Shear Strength of Stirrups: VS=(VU/ф) - VC KN

Limiting value of VS = 0.66√f' c(bwd) KN
If VS ≤ 0.66√f' c(bwd) or ">" ; use: VS
0.33√f' c (bd) (for maximum Spacing)
VS > 0.33 √f' c(bd); Smax= d/4 if "≤"; Smax = d/2
mm
Spacing of Shear Reinforcement: S = AVfy d/VS mm
AV = 2ABar mm²
Avmin= 0.062√f' c (bws/fyt ) ≥ 0.35 (bws/fyt )
Spacing of Shear Reinforcement: S: mm
SAME

Diameter of Stirrups (DS) mm 16

Use Spacing (S) mm o.c. 125
66
 DESIGN OF BEAM AT TRANSVERSE
SECOND FLOOR
BEAM 6
DATA Unit Support Midspan
f' c Mpa 20.7
fy Mpa 350
Es Mpa 200000
Clear Cover (cc) mm 40 40
b mm 400
H mm 500
d' = cc +DS + 0.5DBar mm 66.0 68.0
d = H-d' mm 434.0 432.0
Factored MU KN.m 235.250 343.440
Factored VU KN 98.090
WU KN/m 44.73
Beta (β) factor 0.85
ρmax = (3/7)(0.85f' cβ/fy ) 0.01831 0.01831
ρ= (0.85f' c/fy )(1-√(1-(2Rn/0.85f' c)) 0.01115 0.01992
ρmin = 1.4/fy 0.00400 0.00400
ρmin ˂ ρ ˂ ρmax ; use ρ 0.01115 0.01831
ф = 0.65 + 0.25((800-fy )/(1000-fy )) 0.823
Mn1 = Mnmax = (51/140)βf' cbd²(1-(3/14)β) KN.m 394.956 394.956
Mn1 = ф Mnmax KN.m 325.079 325.079
ANALYSIS OF THE REINFORCED BEAM: DESIGN AS Singly Reinforced Doubly Reinforced
ф Mtn = (459/1600)βf' cbd²(1-(3/16)β) KN.m 319.686 319.686
CONDITION OF THE SECTION Tension-Controlled
BEAM REINFORCED FOR Tension only Tension & Comp.
ф = 0.90; if Tension-Controlled 0.90 0.82
Coefficient of Resistance: Rn = MU/фbd² 3.47 5.59
AS1 = ρbd mm² 1935.40 3164.51
if Transition Region solve ( c ) mm - -
solve for (a); a = βc mm - -
AS1 = 0.85 f' cab/fy mm² - -
MU2 = MU - MU1 KN.m - 18.36
AS2=MU2/(фfy (d-d')) mm² - 175.10
AS=AS1+AS2 mm² - 3339.62

67
Diameter of Bars for Tension (DBar) mm 28 32
N=AS/ABar pcs 3.14 4.15
Use N pcs 4 5
CL=(b-(N-1)DBar-2d')/(N-1) mm 61 34
Main Reinforcement spacing (s) mm 61 34
Arrangement of Reinforcement Bars; DBar < CL >25mm Single Layer Single Layer
ASactual = N(ABar) mm² 2463.01 4021.24
For Tension: Use Reinforcement Bars N-DBar 4 - 28 mm 5 - 32 mm
AS'' = AS2 mm² - 175.10
Diameter of Bars for Compression (DBar) mm 16 16
N'=AS''/ABar pcs - 0.9
Use N' pcs - 1
AS'actual = N'(ABar) mm² - 201.062
For Compression: Use Reinforcement Bars N-DBar 1- 16 mm
CHECK DUCTILITY
a = AS1fy /0.85f' cb mm 96.248 157.371
c = a/β mm 113.232 185.143
Єy = fy /Es 0.00175 0.00175
ЄS = 0.003(d-c)/c 0.00850 0.00403
ЄS > Єy (Tension Steel yields) OK OK
ЄS' = 0.003(c- d')/c 0.001898148
ЄS' > Єy (Compression Steel yields) OK
CHECK THE SECTION
fs = 600(d-c)/c 1699.693959
Tension-Controlled: fs > 1000 MPa OK
Transition Region: fs < 1000 MPa
CHECK AGAINST SHEAR
Factored Shear Force: VU = VU-WU(d) ,d = critical section KN 78.68
VC = 0.17λ√f' c(bwd) ,λ= 1.0 (Normal Wt. Concrete) KN 134.27

SAME
Reduction factor (ф) for shear: 0.75
фVC 100.70
½ фVC KN 50.35
VU > фVC (Stirrups are necessary)
Solve using minimum area of stirrups
VU< фVC but VU >½фVC (Solve using A min of stirrups)
VU <½ фVC (Beam are capable to carry the Req'd. Shear)
SAME TO OTHER SIDE

Shear Strength of Stirrups: VS=(VU/ф) - VC KN

Limiting value of VS = 0.66√f' c(bwd) KN
If VS ≤ 0.66√f' c(bwd) or ">" ; use: VS
0.33√f' c (bd) (for maximum Spacing)
VS > 0.33 √f' c(bd); Smax= d/4 if "≤"; Smax = d/2 Smax = d/2
Smax = d/2 mm 217
Spacing of Shear Reinforcement: S = AVfy d/VS mm
AV = 2ABar mm² 226.19
Avmin= 0.062√f' c (bws/fyt ) ≥ 0.35 (bws/fyt ) Solve Spacing using minimum area of stirrups
Spacing of Shear Reinforcement: S: mm 701.64
SAME

Diameter of Stirrups (DS) mm 12

Use Spacing (S) mm o.c. 150

68
 DESIGN OF BEAM AT TRANSVERSE
GROUND FLOOR
BEAM 6
DATA Unit Support Midspan
f' c Mpa 20.7
fy Mpa 350
Es Mpa
Clear Cover (cc) mm 40 40
b mm 400
H mm 500
d' = cc +DS + 0.5DBar mm 66.0 68.0
d = H-d' mm 434.0 432.0
Factored MU KN.m 235.250 343.440
Factored VU KN 98.090
WU KN/m 44.73
Beta (β) factor 0.85
ρmax = (3/7)(0.85f' cβ/fy ) 0.01831 0.01831
ρ= (0.85f' c/fy )(1-√(1-(2Rn/0.85f' c)) 0.01115 0.01992
ρmin = 1.4/fy 0.00400 0.00400
ρmin ˂ ρ ˂ ρmax ; use ρ 0.01115 0.01831
ф = 0.65 + 0.25((800-fy )/(1000-fy )) 0.823
Mn1 = Mnmax = (51/140)βf' cbd²(1-(3/14)β) KN.m 394.956 394.956
Mn1 = ф Mnmax KN.m 325.079 325.079
ANALYSIS OF THE REINFORCED BEAM: DESIGN AS Singly Reinforced Doubly Reinforced
ф Mtn = (459/1600)βf' cbd²(1-(3/16)β) KN.m 319.686 319.686
CONDITION OF THE SECTION Tension-Controlled
BEAM REINFORCED FOR Tension only Tension & Comp.
ф = 0.90; if Tension-Controlled 0.90 0.82
Coefficient of Resistance: Rn = MU/фbd² 3.47 5.59
AS1 = ρbd mm² 1935.40 3164.51
if Transition Region solve ( c ) mm - -
solve for (a); a = βc mm - -
AS1 = 0.85 f' cab/fy mm² - -
MU2 = MU - MU1 KN.m - 18.36
AS2=MU2/(фfy (d-d')) mm² - 175.10
AS=AS1+AS2 mm² - 3339.62

69
70
 DESIGN OF BEAM AT INTERIOR
GROUND FLOOR
BEAM 7
DATA Unit Support Midspan
f' c Mpa 20.7
fy Mpa 276
Es Mpa 200000
Clear Cover (cc) mm 40 40
b mm 400
H mm 380
d' = cc +DS + 0.5DBar mm 66.0 66.0
d = H-d' mm 314.0 314.0
Factored MU KN.m 130.130 210.280
Factored VU KN 55.360
WU KN/m 70.01
Beta (β) factor 0.85
ρmax = (3/7)(0.85f' cβ/fy ) 0.02322 0.02322
ρ= (0.85f' c/fy )(1-√(1-(2Rn/0.85f' c)) 0.01506 0.03059
ρmin = 1.4/fy 0.00507 0.00507
ρmin ˂ ρ ˂ ρmax ; use ρ 0.01506 0.02322
ф = 0.65 + 0.25((800-fy )/(1000-fy )) 0.831
Mn1 = Mnmax = (51/140)βf' cbd²(1-(3/14)β) KN.m 206.742 206.742
Mn1 = ф Mnmax KN.m 171.790 171.790
ANALYSIS OF THE REINFORCED BEAM: DESIGN AS Singly Reinforced Doubly Reinforced
ф Mtn = (459/1600)βf' cbd²(1-(3/16)β) KN.m 167.341 167.341
CONDITION OF THE SECTION Tension-Controlled
BEAM REINFORCED FOR Tension only Tension & Comp.
ф = 0.90; if Tension-Controlled 0.90 0.83
Coefficient of Resistance: Rn = MU/фbd² 3.67 6.42
AS1 = ρbd mm² 1891.89 2916.84
if Transition Region solve ( c ) mm - -
solve for (a); a = βc mm - -
AS1 = 0.85 f' cab/fy mm² - -
MU2 = MU - MU1 KN.m - 38.49
AS2=MU2/(фfy (d-d')) mm² - 676.74
AS=AS1+AS2 mm² - 3593.57

71
Diameter of Bars for Tension (DBar) mm 20 20
N=AS/ABar pcs 6.02 11.44
Use N pcs 7 12
CL=(b-(N-1)DBar-2d')/(N-1) mm 25 4
Main Reinforcement spacing (s) mm 69 34
Arrangement of Reinforcement Bars; DBar < CL >25mm 2 Layers 2 Layers
ASactual = N(ABar) mm² 2199.11 3769.91
For Tension: Use Reinforcement Bars N-DBar 7 - 20 mm 12 - 20 mm
AS'' = AS2 mm² - 676.74
Diameter of Bars for Compression (DBar) mm 20 20
N'=AS''/ABar pcs - 2.2
Use N' pcs - 3
AS'actual = N'(ABar) mm² - 942.478
For Compression: Use Reinforcement Bars N-DBar 3- 20 mm
CHECK DUCTILITY
a = AS1fy /0.85f' cb mm 74.192 114.386
c = a/β mm 87.285 134.571
Єy = fy /Es 0.00138 0.00138
ЄS = 0.003(d-c)/c 0.00779 0.00400
ЄS > Єy (Tension Steel yields) OK OK
ЄS' = 0.003(c- d')/c 0.001528662
ЄS' > Єy (Compression Steel yields) OK
CHECK THE SECTION
fs = 600(d-c)/c 1558.457472
Tension-Controlled: fs > 1000 MPa OK
Transition Region: fs < 1000 MPa
CHECK AGAINST SHEAR
Factored Shear Force: VU = VU-WU(d) ,d = critical section KN 33.38
VC = 0.17λ√f' c(bwd) ,λ= 1.0 (Normal Wt. Concrete) KN 97.15

SAME
Reduction factor (ф) for shear: 0.75
фVC 72.86
½ фVC KN 36.43
VU > фVC (Stirrups are necessary)
Beam section capable to carry the required shear
VU< фVC but VU >½фVC (Solve using A min of stirrups)
VU <½ фVC (Beam are capable to carry the Req'd. Shear) Stirrups are not necessary
Shear Strength of Stirrups: VS=(VU/ф) - VC KN
SAME TO OTHER SIDE

Limiting value of VS = 0.66√f' c(bwd) KN

If VS ≤ 0.66√f' c(bwd) or ">" ; use: VS
0.33√f' c (bd) (for maximum Spacing)
VS > 0.33 √f' c(bd); Smax= d/4 if "≤"; Smax = d/2
mm
Spacing of Shear Reinforcement: S = AVfy d/VS mm
AV = 2ABar mm²
Avmin= 0.062√f' c (bws/fyt ) ≥ 0.35 (bws/fyt )
Spacing of Shear Reinforcement: S: mm
SAME

Diameter of Stirrups (DS) mm 16

Use Spacing (S) mm o.c. 125

72
 REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN FOR SLAB
S1 Two-way Slab

Input Parameters :

f'c = 20.7 Mpa dᵇ = 16 mm², Bar Ø LONG SPAN SHORT SPAN

fy = 275 Mpa t= 125 mm Bar Ø Sup Mid Sup Mid
b₁ = .85 LA = 3 m, Short Top, (-) 150 150
Es = 200 Gpa LB = 4 m, Long Bot, (+) 200 200
ʯᶜ = 23.6 KN/mᶟ

Deadload, D = 6.9 KN/m

Liveload, L = 3.15 KN/m
ANALYSIS; Case 2

1.2 D = Du = 8.28 KN/m

1.6 L = Lu = 5.04 KN/m - 150mm
Wᵤ = 1.2D + 1.6L = 13.3 KN/m
m = LA/LB = 0.75 - 375mm
Moment Coefficients: ACI 318-63 Code
0.069
Ca, neg = 0.022
Cb, neg = - 150mm
CaL = 0.045 CbL = 0.01
CaD = 0.028 CbD = 0.01
Moment along Long span

Sup, Ma = Ca Wu LB = 4.69 KNm - 150mm

Mid, Ma = Ca Wu LB = 2.32 KNm
- 200mm
Moment along Short span
Sup, Mb = Cb Wu LB = 8.27 KNm
Mid, Mb = Cb Wu LB = 4.13 KNm

CHECK MOMENT CAPACITY;

Aᵇ =π dᵇ/ 4 = 201.0624 mm² b = 1 m Strip
LONG SPAN LONG SPAN SHORT SPAN
Sup, As= Aᵇb/ Sᵇ= 1340.42 mm² Top, a =As fy/ 0.85 fc' b = 20.95 20.95 mm
Mid, As= Aᵇb/ Sᵇ= 1005.31 mm² Bot, a =As fy/ 0.85 fc' b = 15.71 15.71 mm
SHORT SPAN Top, C = a / b₁ = 24.65 24.65 mm
Sup, As= Aᵇb/ Sᵇ= 1340.42
mm² Bot, C = a / b₁ = 18.49 18.49 mm
Mid, As= Aᵇb/ Sᵇ= 1005.312
mm² Ԑᵧ = fy / Es = 0.00138
d = t -(20 + dᵇ/2) = 97.00
mm Ԑs = 0.003[(d-c)/c] = 0.009 > 0.005 Tension Control
Thus, Use = 0.90 LONG SPAN SHORT SPAN
Sup, Mn = 0.85 fc' ab(d-(a/2)) = 31.89 > 4.69 Pass! 31.89 > 8.27 Pass! KNm
Mid, Mn = 0.85 fc' ab(d-(a/2)) = 24.64 > 2.32 Pass! 24.64 > 4.13 Pass! KNm

Minimum Thickness, t = LB / 36 < 125 Pass!

73
Therefore use, 125mmthick slab with 16mmØ rebar (Grade40)
spaced; along short span top/bot - 150/200: long span 150/200 o.c.
 REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN FOR SLAB
S2 One-way slab

Input Parameters :

f'c = 21 Mpa dᵇ = 10 mm Sup Mid Temp bar

fy = 415 Mpa t = 125 mm Sᵇ = 200 200 12 mm
b₁ = 0.85 Ln = 3 m
Es = 200 Gpa L1 = 3 m SEGM
L2 = 4 m

Analysis :

Deadload, D = 5.01 KN/m

Liveload, L = 2.1 KN/m
Wᵤ = 1.2D + 1.6L = 9.37 KN/m - 12 mm
Support, Mᵤ = Wu Ln²/10 = 11.48 KN-m - 200 mm
Midspan, Mᵤ = Wu Ln²/14 = 6.02 KN-m
CHECK MOMENT CAPACITY b = 1m
Aᵇ = π dᵇ / 4 = 78.54 mm² Asmin = 250 mm² - 200 mm
Support Midspan - 12 mm
As = Aᵇ b / Sᵇ = 392.70 392.70 mm²
a = As fy/0.85fc' b = 9.13 9.13 mm
C = a / β1 = 10.74 10.74 mm
d = t - (20 + dᵇ/2) = 100.00 100.00 mm
Ԑᵧ = fy / Es = 0.002075
Ԑs = 0.003 ((d-c)/c) = 0.0249 > 0.005 Tension Control
Thus use, Ø = 0.90 Support Midspan
Mn=0.85 fc' ab (d-a/2) = 15.55 KNm 15.55 KNm
Support, Ø Mn = 14.00 KNm > 11.48 Pass!
Midspan, Ø Mn = 14.00 KNm > 6.02 Pass!
CHECK SHEAR CAPACITY Ø = 0.75
Vᵤ = 1.15*Wu Ln/2 = 16.17 KN
Ø Vc = Ø 0.17 (√fc' bd) = 58.43 KN Pass!
Check Thickness=(0.4+fy/700) Ln / 24 < 125 mm Pass!

Therefore use, 125mm thick slab with 10mmØ Grade (60) rebar spaced @
200mm at support, top bars / 200mm at midspan, bottom bars / 12mm Temp bars O.C 74