ENGLISH

Module 1: Grammar & Sentence Correction

1. Parts of Speech

Part Function Examples

teacher, Delhi,
Noun Name of a person, place, thing, or idea
happiness

Pronoun Replaces a noun he, she, it, they

Verb Action or state of being run, eat, is, seem

Adjective Describes a noun/pronoun beautiful, tall, smart

Adverb Modifies verb, adjective, or other adverbs quickly, very, too

Shows relationship of noun/pronoun with another

Preposition in, on, at, of
word

Conjunction Connects words/phrases/clauses and, but, although

Interjection Expresses sudden feeling oh! wow! alas!

Tips:

 Identify verbs first, then nouns, then modifiers.

 Common traps: adverbs ending in -ly, prepositions after adjectives, verb

patterns after certain conjunctions.

2. Subject–Verb Agreement

 Singular subject → singular verb; plural subject → plural verb

 Tricky cases:

1. Collective nouns (team, committee) → usually singular: The team is

winning.

2. Phrases like along with, together with → subject determines verb: The
manager, along with his assistants, is present.

3. Indefinite pronouns (everyone, nobody) → singular: Everyone is ready.

Practice MCQs:

1. Either the manager or his assistants ___ responsible.

a) is
b) are

2. None of the students ___ finished the task.

a) has
b) have

(Answers: 1-a, 2-a)

3. Tenses (Quick Overview)

Tense Use Example

Present Simple Habit, general truth I eat rice.

Present Continuous Action happening now I am eating rice.

Past action with present

Present Perfect I have eaten rice.
result

Present Perfect Action started in past &

I have been eating rice.
Continuous continuing

Past Simple Completed past action I ate rice yesterday.

Past Continuous Past action in progress I was eating rice when he came.

Past action before another

Past Perfect I had eaten before he came.
past action

Past Perfect Action in past before past, I had been eating for 10 mins
Continuous duration when he arrived.

Future Simple Will do something I will eat rice.

Future Continuous Will be doing action I will be eating rice at 8 pm.

Future Perfect Will have completed action I will have eaten by 8 pm.

Tips: Look for time indicators (already, by, since, when) to choose tense.

4. Articles & Determiners

  Articles: a / an / the

o a: before consonant sound → a dog

o an: before vowel sound → an apple

o the: specific reference → the sun, the president

 Determiners: this, that, these, those, some, many, few, all

 Common traps: a university (u → consonant sound) / an hour (h silent)

5. Prepositions

 Show relationship between words: time, place, direction

 Common Usage:

o in → months, years, places

o on → days, surfaces

o at → specific time, place

o by → agent / method

 Practice tricky phrases: interested in, keen on, depend on, responsible for

6. Active & Passive Voice

Rule: Subject ↔ Object swap + change verb form

 Present Simple: She writes a letter. → A letter is written by her.

 Past Simple: He solved the problem. → The problem was solved by him.

 Present Continuous: They are reading a book. → A book is being read by them.

Tips: Watch tense carefully when converting.

7. Direct & Indirect Speech

Rule: Change pronouns, tense, and time expressions when reporting

 Direct: He said, “I am tired.”

 Indirect: He said that he was tired.

 Common shifts: now → then, today → that day, will → would

8. Sentence Correction / Error Spotting

 Look for:

1. Subject–verb agreement

2. Incorrect tense

3. Wrong preposition

4. Article usage errors

5. Wrong idiom / phrase

Practice MCQs:

1. She don’t like co ee.

2. I have seen him yesterday.

3. The book is on the table. (correct)

(Answers: 1→don’t → doesn’t, 2→have seen → saw, 3→correct)

9. Revision Table – Quick Rules

Topic Key Points

Noun, Verb, Adjective, Adverb, Pronoun, Conjunction,

Parts of Speech
Preposition, Interjection

Subject-Verb
Singular/plural, tricky subjects (either…or, collective nouns)
Agreement

Tenses Present, Past, Future; Perfect & Continuous forms

Articles a / an / the; usage rules

Prepositions in, on, at, by; tricky phrases

Active-Passive Swap subject/object + verb form change

Direct-Indirect Change pronouns, tense, time expressions

Sentence Correction Check agreement, tense, preposition, idioms

10. Practice MCQs Set 1 (20 Questions)

 1. He ___ to the market every day. (go / goes)

2. I have seen that movie yesterday. (correct / incorrect)

3. She is looking forward ___ her new job. (for / to)

4. The committee ___ agreed to the proposal. (has / have)

5. They are playing cricket. → Passive?

(Answers: 1→goes, 2→incorrect → saw, 3→to, 4→has, 5→Cricket is being played by them)

Module 2: Vocabulary & Usage

1. Synonyms & Antonyms

Synonyms: Words with similar meanings

Antonyms: Words with opposite meanings

Common Tricks:

 Watch for context clues in sentences.

 Pay attention to subtle di erences (e.g., shy vs timid).

Examples:

Word Synonym Antonym

Abundant Plentiful Scarce

Benevolent Kind Malevolent

Hasten Rush Delay

Vivid Bright Dull

Obsolete Outdated Modern

Practice MCQs:

1. Choose the synonym of precocious:

a) Intelligent
b) Immature
c) Late
d) Average
 2. Choose the antonym of benevolent:
a) Kind
b) Cruel
c) Generous
d) Compassionate

(Answers: 1→a, 2→b)

2. Idioms & Phrases

 Fixed expressions with figurative meaning.

 Tips: Learn as phrases, not by individual words.

Examples:

Idiom Meaning Usage Example

Beat around the Stop beating around the bush and

Avoid the main topic
bush answer!

A blessing in Something good from a Losing that job was a blessing in

disguise bad event disguise.

Call it a day Stop working Let’s call it a day, we’re tired.

Burn the midnight She burned the midnight oil to complete

Work late
oil the project.

You must bite the bullet and face the

Bite the bullet Accept something di icult
challenge.

Practice MCQs:

1. “Bite the bullet” means:

a) Run away
b) Accept hardship
c) Eat food quickly
d) Argue loudly
(Answer: b)

3. One-word Substitution

 Replace a phrase or group of words with a single word.

Examples:

Phrase Word

One who writes poems Poet

Fear of heights Acrophobia

Study of human society Sociology

Fear of darkness Nyctophobia

Government by the rich Plutocracy

Tips: Memorize common EPFO/UPSC words.

Practice MCQs:

1. One who treats disease with drugs?

a) Pharmacist
b) Doctor
c) Physician
d) Surgeon
(Answer: c → Physician)

4. Commonly Confused Words

 Pay attention to small di erences in meaning or usage.

Word 1 Word 2 Correct Usage

Accept Except Accept = receive, Except = excluding

A ect E ect A ect = verb, E ect = noun

Complement Compliment Complement = complete, Compliment = praise

Principle Principal Principle = rule, Principal = head / money

Emigrate Immigrate Emigrate = leave country, Immigrate = enter country

Practice MCQs:

1. Which is correct? He refused to ___ the gift.

a) Except
b) Accept
(Answer: b)
5. Phrasal Verbs

 Verb + Preposition/Adverb = new meaning.

Common EPFO-focused examples:

Phrasal Verb Meaning Example

Look after Take care She looks after her younger brother.

Put o Postpone The meeting was put o due to rain.

Bring up Mention / raise He brought up a good point in the meeting.

Get over Recover from She got over the illness quickly.

Carry out Execute / perform The team carried out the plan successfully.

Practice MCQs:

1. “The manager decided to ___ the meeting to next week.”

a) Put o
b) Carry out
c) Look after
d) Bring up
(Answer: a → Put o )

6. Word Formation (Prefix & Su ix)

 Prefix: Added to the start → changes meaning

 Su ix: Added to the end → forms new word

Examples:

Prefix Meaning Example

un- not unhappy, uncertain

re- again redo, rewrite

dis- opposite disagree, disconnect

in- not invisible, incorrect

Prefix Meaning Example

pre- before preview, prehistoric

Su ix Meaning Example

-ness state of happiness, darkness

-able capable readable, washable

-tion action / process creation, celebration

-ist one who artist, chemist

-ology study of biology, sociology

Tips:

 Memorize common prefixes/su ixes with examples.

 Helps in guessing meanings in comprehension passages.

7. Practice MCQs Set 1 (20 Questions)

1. Synonym of abstruse:
a) Clear
b) Di icult
c) Common
d) Simple

2. Antonym of benevolent:
a) Cruel
b) Kind
c) Generous
d) Friendly

3. “Burn the midnight oil” means:

a) Work late
b) Rest early
c) Cook food
d) Travel at night

4. One who studies rocks?

a) Biologist
b) Geologist
 c) Zoologist
d) Archaeologist

5. Choose the correct usage: He refused to ___ the o er.

a) Accept
b) Except

(Answers: 1→b, 2→a, 3→a, 4→b, 5→a)

(More MCQs can be added for practice in final PDF.)

Revision Table – Vocabulary Quick Tips

Topic Key Points

Synonyms & Antonyms Context clue, subtle di erences

Idioms & Phrases Learn as phrases, not single words

One-word Substitution Memorize common words, practice MCQs

Confused Words Accept/Except, A ect/E ect, Principle/Principal

Phrasal Verbs Focus on verb+preposition meaning

Prefix & Su ix Helps in guessing meaning in comprehension

3: Reading Comprehension

1. What is Reading Comprehension (RC)?

Definition:
Reading comprehension is the ability to read a passage, understand its meaning, and
answer questions based on it.

Exam Focus:

 Extracting facts

 Understanding main ideas & tone

 Inference from context

 Vocabulary in context
  Identifying the author’s purpose

2. Types of RC Questions

Type Explanation Example

“What is the central point of the

Main Idea / Theme What the passage is mainly about
passage?”

Implied meaning, not directly

Inference “The author suggests that…”
stated

Vocabulary in Meaning of a word as used in the “The word ‘abundant’ in para 2

Context passage means …”

Author’s attitude (sarcastic,

Tone / Mood “The tone of the passage is …”
critical, neutral)

Fact / Detail Direct info stated in passage “According to the passage, …”

Purpose / Why a sentence / paragraph was “The author included para 3 to

Function included …”

3. Strategies for EPFO RC

1. Skim the passage first

o Read first and last lines of paragraphs

o Identify the main idea

2. Read questions before answering

o Helps you know what to focus on

3. Underline keywords

o Names, dates, numbers, repeated ideas

4. Watch for trap options

o Options that are extreme, unrelated, or partially true

5. Time Management

o Spend 1–2 minutes per short passage, 3–4 minutes per long passage

6. Eliminate wrong choices

 o If two options are close, check the passage line by line

4. Example RC Passage & Questions

Passage:

Renewable energy is rapidly becoming the backbone of sustainable development

worldwide. Governments are incentivizing solar and wind power to reduce carbon
emissions and dependence on fossil fuels. However, challenges like high initial costs,
intermittent supply, and technological constraints continue to impede its widespread
adoption. Public awareness and supportive policies are crucial to accelerating this
transition.

Questions:

1. What is the main idea of the passage?

a) Fossil fuels are cheap
b) Renewable energy is key to sustainable development
c) Technological constraints are unsolvable
d) Government policies are ine ective

2. The word “intermittent” in the passage means:

a) Constant
b) Occasional / irregular
c) Cheap
d) Renewable

3. Which factor is not mentioned as a challenge in renewable energy adoption?

a) High initial cost
b) Public awareness
c) Intermittent supply
d) Technological constraints

4. The author’s tone is:

a) Critical
b) Neutral / informative
c) Humorous
d) Sarcastic

Answers:
1 → b, 2 → b, 3 → b, 4 → b

5. Steps to Solve RC Passages (EPFO Exam Approach)

 1. Quick Skim: 15–20 seconds per paragraph → get gist

2. Underline keywords: Names, dates, repeated words

3. Read questions: Know what info to search for

4. Locate answer: Scan passage carefully

5. Eliminate: Remove irrelevant / extreme options

6. Mark & Review: If unsure, mark and come back

6. Practice Passages (10 Short RCs)

(Here are 2 examples; full 10 passages can be compiled in final PDF.)

Passage 1:

Climate change is one of the greatest challenges of the 21st century. Rising
temperatures, melting glaciers, and unpredictable weather patterns threaten
agriculture, health, and biodiversity globally. Nations must adopt adaptive strategies
and reduce greenhouse gas emissions to mitigate the impact.

Questions:

1. What is the main threat discussed?

2. Which of the following is not mentioned as a ected? a) Agriculture b) Health c)

Technology d) Biodiversity

Answers: 1 → Climate change, 2 → c

Passage 2:

The Internet has revolutionized communication, education, and commerce. However, it

also raises concerns about data privacy, cybercrime, and digital addiction. Users must
be educated about safe online practices, and governments should implement robust
regulations to protect citizens.

Questions:

1. Which is an advantage of the Internet mentioned?

2. Which is a disadvantage?

3. What solution is suggested?

Answers: 1 → Communication, education, commerce; 2 → Privacy & cybercrime; 3 →

Education + government regulation
7. Tips for EPFO Exam

 Practice 3–5 passages daily

 Focus on time-bound practice

 Learn to eliminate wrong options quickly

 Keep vocabulary notes from passages

Module 3 Revision Table

Topic Key Points

RC Strategy Skim → Read questions → Underline → Scan → Eliminate → Mark

Question Types Main Idea, Inference, Vocabulary, Tone, Fact, Purpose

Tips Focus on keywords, avoid extreme options, manage time

Module 4: Cloze Test & Para Jumbles

1. Cloze Test

Definition:
A Cloze Test is a passage with missing words (blanks) where you select the correct word
to complete the sentence.

Purpose:

 Tests vocabulary

 Tests grammar & context comprehension

 Tests logical flow

2. Strategies to Solve Cloze Test

1. Read the full passage first — get the overall meaning.

 2. Look at surrounding words — grammar clues, subject–verb agreement.

3. Predict the missing word mentally — then match with options.

4. Check for collocations — words that usually go together.

5. Eliminate options — remove words that do not fit contextually or grammatically.

3. Common Types of Cloze Test Words

Type Example Explanation

Correct article usage based on noun and

Articles a, an, the
context

Prepositions in, on, at, of Common preposition errors in context

Conjunctions and, but, although Connect ideas logically

Verb Forms is, are, was, were Tense & subject-verb agreement

Accurate word based on

Vocabulary Choose word that fits meaning
context

4. Example Cloze Test

Passage:

The Internet has (1) many aspects of human life. People can now communicate easily,
work remotely, and access information quickly. However, it is important to be aware of
the risks involved (2) privacy and security. Governments must (3) measures to protect
citizens.

Options:

1. (a) revolutionized (b) changed (c) destroyed (d) ignored

2. (a) on (b) about (c) for (d) to

3. (a) implement (b) ignore (c) avoid (d) delete

Answers:
1 → a (revolutionized)
2 → b (about)
3 → a (implement)
5. Para Jumbles

Definition:
Rearranging sentences to form a logical passage.

Purpose:

 Tests logical sequence

 Tests coherence & cohesion

 Tests grammar understanding

6. Strategy for Para Jumbles

1. Look for introductory sentence — usually general statement.

2. Identify connecting words — however, therefore, in addition, etc.

3. Check pronouns / references — who/whom/it/this/they to match earlier

sentences.

4. Identify concluding sentence — often gives summary or final idea.

5. Build sequence logically — don’t rely solely on option letters; read flow.

7. Example Para Jumble

Sentences:
A. Therefore, adopting renewable energy is a global necessity.
B. Renewable energy sources, like solar and wind, are environmentally friendly.
C. Climate change poses serious threats to ecosystems and human life.
D. Governments worldwide are promoting cleaner energy alternatives.

Solution Sequence:
C→B→D→A

Explanation:

 C introduces the problem (climate change)

 B gives the solution type (renewable energy)

 D explains government action

 A concludes with importance

8. Practice Sets

Cloze Test Practice 5 Questions

1. Technology has (1) the way we communicate.

(a) simplified (b) complicated (c) destroyed (d) ignored

2. Students must take care (2) their health.

(a) for (b) about (c) to (d) in

3. He (3) his homework before dinner.

(a) finished (b) finishes (c) finishing (d) finish

4. Global warming is a (4) concern.

(a) minor (b) serious (c) trivial (d) negligible

5. We should work together, (5) achieve our goals.

(a) and (b) but (c) or (d) although

Answers: 1 → a, 2 → b, 3 → a, 4 → b, 5 → a

Para Jumble Practice 3 Sets

Set 1:
A. The tiger is an endangered species.
B. Conservation e orts include anti-poaching measures.
C. Habitat loss is a major threat to wildlife.
D. Governments and NGOs work together to protect them.

Solution: C → A → B → D

9. Tips for EPFO Exam

 Time management: 1–2 minutes per short passage / blank

 Read sentences carefully — often options di er by one word

 Use logic & grammar, not just intuition

 Practice 5–10 cloze tests and 3–5 para jumbles daily

10. Revision Table – Cloze & Para Jumbles

Topic Key Points

Cloze Test Read full passage → check grammar & meaning → predict → match
Topic Key Points

Para Jumbles Intro → Connectives → Pronouns → Logical flow → Conclusion

Tips Focus on keywords, conjunctions, pronouns, time/sequence markers

Module 5: Revision & Practice Workbook

1. Quick Grammar Revision Tables

Topic Key Rules Common Exam Traps

Noun, Verb, Pronoun, Adjective,

Confusing pronoun/antecedent,
Parts of Speech Adverb, Conjunction, Preposition,
adjective vs adverb
Interjection

Subject-Verb Collective nouns, phrases with

Singular ↔ singular, plural ↔ plural
Agreement “along with”, “either…or”

Present, Past, Future, Perfect, Time markers, mixed tenses in

Tenses
Continuous one sentence

University vs hour, uncountable

Articles a, an, the
nouns

Fixed expressions: depend on,

Prepositions in, on, at, for, by
interested in

Active-Passive Swap subject/object + verb Continuous tenses, modals

Change pronouns, tense, time Commands, questions,

Direct-Indirect
expressions exclamations

2. Vocabulary & Usage Revision Tables

Topic Key Points Examples

Synonyms Context clues, subtle di erences Abundant → Plentiful

Topic Key Points Examples

Antonyms Opposite meaning Benevolent → Cruel

Beat around the bush →

Idioms & Phrases Learn as full phrase
avoid topic

One-word Acrophobia → fear of

Common EPFO/UPSC words
Substitution heights

Accept/Except, A ect/E ect,

Confused Words Always check sentence
Principle/Principal

Phrasal Verbs Verb+preposition, learn meaning Put o → postpone

Prefix & Su ix Helps infer meanings Unhappy, readable, biology

3. Practice MCQs – Mixed Topics (50)

1. He ___ finished his work before dinner. (has / have)

2. Synonym of obscure: (a) Clear (b) Hidden (c) Common (d) Plain

3. “Bite the bullet” means: (a) Avoid (b) Accept hardship (c) Fight (d) Cheat

4. Identify the error: She don’t like sweets.

5. Tense: I ___ (go) to o ice every day. (a) go (b) goes (c) gone (d) going

6. Choose correct article: He bought ___ orange from the market. (a) a (b) an (c) the
(d) no article

7. Phrasal Verb: We need to ___ the meeting to next week. (Put o / Bring up / Carry
out / Look after)

8. One-word substitution: Fear of water → ?

9. Para Jumble: Arrange sentences logically:

A. The tiger is endangered.
B. Conservation e orts include anti-poaching.
C. Habitat loss threatens wildlife.
D. NGOs work to protect tigers.

10. Cloze Test: Students must take care ___ their health. (a) on (b) for (c) about (d) in)

(Answers: 1→has, 2→b, 3→b, 4→don’t→doesn’t, 5→a, 6→b, 7→Put o , 8→Hydrophobia,

9→C→A→B→D, 10→c)
(More MCQs can be added to complete 200+ practice questions in final PDF.)

4. Cloze & Para Jumble Revision

Cloze Tips:

 Grammar + context clues

 Predict word before checking options

Para Jumble Tips:

 Intro sentence → connectors → pronouns → conclusion

 Watch logical flow, not just grammar

5. Reading Comprehension Revision

 Skim passage first → read questions → underline keywords → eliminate wrong

options

 Question types: Main idea, Inference, Vocabulary, Tone, Fact, Purpose

Time Strategy:

 Short passage → 1–2 min

 Long passage → 3–4 min

6. Final Vocabulary Drill

 Synonyms: Plentiful, Benevolent, Vivid, Obsolete, Hasten

 Antonyms: Cruel, Scarce, Dull, Modern

 Idioms: Beat around the bush, Call it a day, Blessing in disguise, Burn the
midnight oil

 One-word: Acrophobia, Hydrophobia, Plutocracy, Geologist, Physician

 Confused Words: Accept/Except, A ect/E ect, Principle/Principal

 Phrasal Verbs: Put o , Carry out, Bring up, Get over, Look after

 Prefix/Su ix: un-, re-, dis-, -able, -ness, -ology

7. Strategy for Revision

 1. Daily Practice: 20–30 MCQs + 1 RC passage

2. Grammar Trap Check: Focus on tense, agreement, prepositions, articles

3. Vocabulary Drill: Learn 10–15 new words daily

4. Timed Mock Tests: 1 hour full English test to simulate exam

Labour Laws & Industrial Relations

1. Employees’ Provident Fund & Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952

Applicability

 Establishments with 20+ employees

 Covered employees: All employees drawing basic + DA ≤ Rs 15,000 (EPF

optional for above limit)

Contributions

Type Employer Employee Notes

EPF 3.67%* 12% Employer 8.33% goes to EPS, 3.67% to EPF

EPS (Pension) 8.33% – Maximum pensionable salary Rs 15,000

EDLI (Insurance) 0.5% – Death benefit scheme

*Employer’s total contribution = 12% of basic + DA

Withdrawals & Transfers

 Retirement (58/60 years) – full PF + pension

 Resignation / unemployment > 2 months – PF with interest

 Partial withdrawals – housing, medical, education, marriage

 Transfer of PF – from one employer to another via UAN

2. Employees’ Pension Scheme (EPS), 1995

  Contribution: 8.33% of salary (capped Rs 15,000)

 Pension calculation:

 Pension = (Pensionable Salary × Pensionable Service) / 70

 Early pension: minimum 10 years service

 Family pension: payable to nominee/spouse after death

Example:

 Last salary Rs 15,000, service 25 years → Pension = (15,000 × 25)/70 = Rs

5,357/month

3. Employees’ Deposit Linked Insurance Scheme (EDLI), 1976

 Provides insurance cover for death during employment

 Sum assured: 2.5 lakhs + bonus (depends on PF balance & rules)

 Funded by employer 0.5% of salary

4. Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972

 Eligibility: ≥ 5 years continuous service

 Applicability: 10+ employees

 Gratuity Formula:

 Gratuity = (Last drawn salary × 15/26) × Number of years of service

 Maximum limit: Rs 20 lakh (as per latest amendment)

 Leave encashment not included in gratuity calculation

 Payment within 30 days of termination; penalty for delay

Example:

 Last drawn salary = Rs 30,000, service = 10 years

 Gratuity = (30,000 × 15/26) × 10 = Rs 1,73,076

5. Minimum Wages Act, 1948

 Fixation by Central / State Govt

  Components: Basic + DA + Allowances

 Working hours: Max 48/week, 9/day; overtime rules applicable

 Enforcement via labour o icers; penalties for violation

6. Payment of Bonus Act, 1965

 Employees earning ≤ Rs 21,000/month eligible

 Bonus: 8.33% to 20% of salary

 Calculation:

 Bonus = (Salary × % of eligible bonus)

 Disbursement by May 31 every year

 Penalties for non-payment

7. Payment of Wages Act, 1936

 Ensures timely payment of wages

 Deductions: Only as authorized by law or employee consent

 Time limits: Within 7th/10th day of wage period

8. Maternity Benefit Act, 1961 (Amended 2017)

 Eligibility: ≥ 80 days of employment in last 12 months

 Leave: 26 weeks for first 2 children, 12 weeks for subsequent

 Payment: Full wages

 Employer duties: Crèche facilities (50+ employees), leave records

9. Industrial Disputes Act, 1947

 Objective: Prevent & resolve industrial disputes

 Definitions:

o Industry: Includes factories, mines, transport, etc.

o Employee: Worker employed in industry

 o Employer: Person responsible for management

 Authorities:

o Works Committee → minor disputes

o Conciliation O icer → mediation

o Labour Court → adjudicate individual disputes

o Industrial Tribunal → settle collective disputes

 Strikes & Lockouts:

o Notice: 14–21 days before strike/lockout

o Illegal strike → penalties

10. Factories Act, 1948

 Objective: Worker safety, health & welfare

 Provisions:

o Working hours ≤ 48/week, 9/day

o Overtime: 1.5× wages

o Safety: fencing machines, ventilation, first aid

o Welfare: canteen, drinking water, restrooms

11. Contract Labour (Regulation & Abolition) Act, 1970

 Principal employer responsible for welfare

 Contractor liable for wages & conditions

 Applicability: Establishments with 20+ contract labourers

12. Industrial Relations Key Concepts

Term Meaning

Trade Union Organization of workers to protect interests

Collective Bargaining Negotiation of terms & conditions between employer & union
Term Meaning

Dispute Di erence between employer & employee

Strike Work stoppage by workers

Lockout Closure by employer to resist demands

Grievance Complaint regarding working conditions or policies

Arbitration Neutral third party resolves dispute

Tribunal Legal adjudication of industrial disputes

13. EPFO-Specific Calculations

PF Example:

 Employee salary Rs 15,000

 EPF contribution (12%) = 1,800

 Employer: 8.33% to EPS = 1,249.5, remaining 550.5 to EPF

EPS Pension Example:

 Pensionable salary = Rs 15,000, service = 25 years → Pension = 5,357/month

Gratuity Example:

 Last salary = Rs 30,000, service = 12 years → Gratuity = 1,73,076

14. Practice MCQs – Labour Laws & IR (30)

1. EPF Act applies to establishments with how many employees?

a) 10
b) 20
c) 50
d) 100
(Answer: b)

2. EPS contribution from employer?

a) 3.67%
b) 8.33%
c) 12%
 d) 10%
(Answer: b)

3. Minimum service for gratuity?

a) 2 years
b) 5 years
c) 10 years
d) 1 year
(Answer: b)

4. Maternity leave under Maternity Benefit Act 2017?

a) 12 weeks
b) 26 weeks
c) 6 months
d) 10 weeks
(Answer: b)

5. Maximum weekly hours under Factories Act?

a) 40
b) 48
c) 50
d) 54
(Answer: b)

(Remaining 25 MCQs can include PF, EPS, Gratuity, Bonus, Industrial Disputes, Strike,
Lockout, Contracts, etc.)

Indian Economy & Current A airs Module (Detailed)

1. Introduction to Indian Economy

Definition:
An economy is a system where production, distribution, and consumption of goods and
services take place.

Objectives of Studying Indian Economy for EPFO:

 Understand macroeconomic indicators for policy decisions

 Track government initiatives a ecting employment & social security

  Analyze fiscal & monetary policies a ecting labor welfare

2. Key Sectors of Indian Economy

Sector Description Examples

Primary Extraction of natural resources Agriculture, Mining, Fishing

Secondary Manufacturing / Industrial Steel, Automobiles, Cement

Tertiary Services Banking, Education, Health, IT

Recent Trends:

 Shift from agriculture to services (contribution to GDP)

 Make in India, Start-up India boosting secondary & tertiary sector

3. National Income Concepts

1. GDP (Gross Domestic Product) – Total value of goods & services within India in
a year

2. GNP (Gross National Product) – GDP + Net income from abroad

3. Net National Income (NNI) – GNP – Depreciation

4. Per Capita Income – NNI / Population

Example:

 India GDP 2025 = Rs 250 lakh crore, Population = 140 crore → Per Capita Income
= Rs 1.78 lakh

Indicators for EPFO relevance:

 Employment generation trends

 Sectoral contributions for policy planning

4. Inflation & Price Indices

Indicator Purpose Calculation

Measures price change for Basket of goods &

CPI (Consumer Price Index)
consumers services
Indicator Purpose Calculation

Measures price change at

WPI (Wholesale Price Index) Producer level
wholesale level

RBI Monetary Policy & Tools to control money

Repo rate, reverse repo, CRR
Inflation Control supply

Current EPFO relevance:

 PF interest, pension adjustments based on inflation

5. Banking & Financial System

Structure

 RBI: Central Bank, regulates money supply & monetary policy

 Commercial Banks: SBI, ICICI, HDFC – deposit & lending

 Cooperative Banks: Local credit support

 NBFCs: Non-banking financial companies

 EPFO Funds: Invested in government securities / bonds

Key Terms:

 Repo Rate / Reverse Repo Rate

 CRR (Cash Reserve Ratio), SLR (Statutory Liquidity Ratio)

 Inflation targeting

6. Government Initiatives Relevant to EPFO

Social Security & Employment Schemes

Scheme Objective Key Features

EPF & EPS Retirement savings Contribution 12% + Pension

Pension for
₹3000/month pension,
PM Shram Yogi Maandhan (PMSYM) unorganized
contribution 55–60 yrs
workers
Scheme Objective Key Features

Pension for informal Rs 1,000–5,000 depending

Atal Pension Yojana (APY)
sector on contribution

Mahatma Gandhi National Rural

100 days guaranteed wage
Employment Guarantee Act Rural employment
employment/year
(MGNREGA)

Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana Self-employment &

Loans up to Rs 10 lakh
(PMMY) small loans

Farmers income Rs 6,000/year in 3

PM-Kisan
support installments

7. Fiscal Policy & Budget

 Fiscal Policy: Govt. revenue (tax) & expenditure to influence economy

 Components:

o Revenue Expenditure: Salaries, subsidies

o Capital Expenditure: Infrastructure, social schemes

 Deficit Concepts:

o Fiscal deficit = Total expenditure – revenue

o Revenue deficit = Revenue expenditure – revenue income

 EPFO Relevance: Budget announcements a ect PF interest, pensions, bonus

funds

8. Monetary Policy & RBI Role

 Objectives: Inflation control, economic growth, employment generation

 Tools:

o Repo rate / Reverse repo rate

o Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR)

o Open Market Operations (OMO)

o Marginal Standing Facility (MSF)

  Impact on EPFO: PF fund returns, bond investments, inflation adjustment

9. Employment & Labor Statistics

Indicator Description

Unemployment Rate % of labor force without work

Labor Force Participation Rate % working-age population active in labor market

Sectoral Employment Agriculture, Industry, Services distribution

EPFO Enrollment # of employees covered under EPF/EPS

Trends:

 Formal sector employment rising slowly

 Gig economy & contract workers increasing

 PF coverage expanding via UAN portability

10. Economic Reforms & Initiatives

 GST (Goods & Services Tax): Simplifies tax, increases compliance

 Digital India: Online registration of EPF, payments, returns

 Start-up India / Make in India: Employment & industrial growth

 Privatization & Disinvestment: Impact on formal sector employment

11. Current A airs – EPFO Focused (2024–2025)

 PF Interest Rate Announcements – 8.1% (FY 2024–25)

 EPFO coverage expansion: New sectors added (gig workers, small

establishments)

 Government social security schemes: PMSYM, APY, Atmanirbhar initiatives

 Key labor law amendments: Code on Wages, Industrial Relations Code

 National Employment Policy updates – skilling & job creation

12. Practice MCQs – Economy & Current A airs (30)

 1. GDP measures:
a) Total population
b) Total income within country
c) Net exports
d) Inflation
(Answer: b)

2. EPS employer contribution percentage?

a) 8.33%
b) 12%
c) 3.67%
d) 10%
(Answer: a)

3. MGNREGA guarantees how many days of employment?

a) 50
b) 100
c) 150
d) 200
(Answer: b)

4. PM-Kisan scheme provides annual assistance of:

a) Rs 6,000
b) Rs 12,000
c) Rs 10,000
d) Rs 15,000
(Answer: a)

5. Repo rate is determined by:

a) Government
b) RBI
c) Finance Ministry
d) Banks
(Answer: b)

(Remaining MCQs can cover GST, fiscal deficit, inflation indices, social schemes, labor
statistics, employment policy, and EPFO updates.)

13. Tips for EPFO Economy & Current A airs

 Track RBI announcements & PF interest rates

 Keep updated on government employment schemes

  Revise budget & economic survey highlights

 Focus on labor & social security schemes for exam relevance

 Practice numerical questions on PF, pension, budget allocations

EPFO Administration & Procedures Module

1. Overview of EPFO Administration

EPFO (Employees’ Provident Fund Organisation):

 Statutory body under Ministry of Labour & Employment, Government of India

 Administers:

1. Employees’ Provident Fund (EPF)

2. Employees’ Pension Scheme (EPS)

3. Employees’ Deposit Linked Insurance Scheme (EDLI)

Hierarchy:

 Central Board of Trustees (CBT) – policy-making body

 Regional PF Commissioners – enforcement & inspection

 Sub-Regional / Field O ices – registration, compliance, grievance redressal

2. EPFO Registration

Who must register:

 Establishments with 20+ employees

 Optional registration for establishments < 20 employees

Registration Process:

1. Online registration through EPFO portal

2. Submit basic details: Establishment name, type, PAN, TAN, employee count

3. Receive Establishment Code & UAN allotment for employees

4. Update changes in employee details (new hires, exits, salary changes)

UAN (Universal Account Number):

  12-digit unique number assigned to each employee

 Linked to PF, EPS, EDLI contributions

 Ensures portability of PF accounts

3. Contribution Rules

Scheme Employee Employer Notes

EPF 12% of basic+DA 3.67% (EPF portion) Mandatory for covered employees

EPS – 8.33% Max pensionable salary Rs 15,000

EDLI – 0.5% Death insurance coverage

Calculation Example:

 Employee basic salary = Rs 15,000

 EPF contribution: Employee 1,800; Employer: 550.5 to EPF, 1,249.5 to EPS

 EDLI: 0.5% of 15,000 = 75 → Total contribution = 3,675

4. PF & EPS Calculation

EPF Interest Calculation:

 Annual interest credited to PF account at current EPF interest rate (e.g., 8.1%)

 Interest = PF balance × Rate × (No. of days / 365)

EPS Pension Formula:

Pension = (Pensionable Salary × Pensionable Service) / 70

Gratuity:

 Already covered in Labour Laws Module

 Example: Last salary Rs 30,000, service 12 years → Gratuity = 1,73,076

5. EDLI (Insurance) Calculation

 Insurance cover = 2.5 lakh + bonus

 Funded entirely by employer 0.5% contribution

  Nominee receives death benefit in case of employee death during employment

6. EPFO Compliance & Returns

Returns Filing:

 Form 3A / 6A: Employer monthly contribution returns

 Form 5/10/12: Employee PF withdrawals, transfers

 Annual Returns: Consolidated account details

Timelines:

 Monthly contribution: by 15th of next month

 Delays attract penalties & interest

Penalties:

 Defaulting employers:

o Interest on delayed payment: 12% + penalties

o Prosecution under PF Act for repeated defaults

7. EPFO Inspections & Audits

Purpose: Ensure compliance with PF, EPS, EDLI provisions

Types of Inspections:

1. Regular Compliance Audit – Check contribution, PF remittances

2. Special/Investigation Audit – Triggered by complaints, discrepancies

3. Digital Audit – Cross-checking PF portal entries

Documents Checked:

 Employee records, salary registers, attendance

 PF remittance challans

 UAN records

 Gratuity & bonus payments

Common Observations:

 Late PF payments
  Non-submission of returns

 Misclassification of employees

8. PF Withdrawal & Transfer Procedures

Withdrawal Options:

1. Full withdrawal: Retirement or resignation

2. Partial withdrawal: Housing, medical, marriage, education

3. Nomination: Employee can nominate family members

Transfer of PF:

 Online transfer via UAN

 Linked to previous PF account → new PF account

 Ensures continuity of service & pension benefits

9. EPFO Grievance Redressal

Methods:

 EPFiGMS portal: Online grievance submission

 Regional PF Commissioner O ice: In-person resolution

 Timeframe: 30–45 days for resolution

 Common Complaints:

o Delay in PF transfer

o Incorrect contribution credited

o EPS pension calculation errors

10. Case Examples

Case 1: Delayed PF remittance

 Employer delayed 3 months contributions

 Penalty: Interest + fines

 EPFO conducted inspection → Employer paid dues + penalty

Case 2: PF Transfer for Job Change

 Employee changed company → new PF account created

 Online transfer successful within 7 days

 UAN ensured continuity in pensionable service

11. Practice MCQs – EPFO Administration (20)

1. Who administers EPF, EPS & EDLI?

a) RBI
b) EPFO
c) Finance Ministry
d) Labour Court
(Answer: b)

2. EPF Act applicable for establishments with:

a) 10+ employees
b) 20+ employees
c) 50+ employees
d) 100+ employees
(Answer: b)

3. Employer contribution to EPS:

a) 8.33% of salary
b) 3.67%
c) 12%
d) 10%
(Answer: a)

4. Maximum pensionable salary for EPS:

a) 12,000
b) 15,000
c) 18,000
d) 20,000
(Answer: b)

5. PF interest credited annually:

a) Monthly
b) Quarterly
c) Annually
d) Half-yearly
(Answer: c)
(Remaining 15 MCQs can cover EDLI, UAN, PF withdrawals, transfer process,
compliance returns, penalties, and inspection rules.)

12. Tips for EPFO Administration Section

 Memorize contribution percentages, limits, and calculation methods

 Practice online PF & pension calculations

 Revise forms, returns, timelines, and penalties

 Understand UAN, grievance portal, and inspection processes

 Solve previous EPFO administration questions

Social Security & Labour Welfare Module

This will cover all social security concepts, welfare schemes, EPFO role,
unorganized sector, and labour welfare programs, along with examples, tables, and
practice MCQs.

1. Introduction to Social Security

Definition:
Social security refers to the protection provided by the state or employers to
employees against contingencies such as sickness, old age, unemployment,
disability, or death.

Objectives:

1. Ensure financial support during old age, retirement, or unemployment

2. Protect workers against accidents, illnesses, and occupational hazards

3. Promote labor welfare & industrial peace

Key Features:

 Compulsory / Voluntary schemes

 Funded by employer, employee, and/or government

 Legal framework via acts like EPF Act, ESI Act, Gratuity Act

2. Di erence: Social Security vs Labour Welfare

Feature Social Security Labour Welfare

Purpose Protection against social risks Improving working & living conditions

Entire workforce, formal &

Coverage Mainly organized sector
unorganized

Fund Funded by govt/employer/employee Employer-funded or govt grants

Canteens, restrooms, health centers,

Examples EPF, EPS, EDLI, ESI, PMSYM
transport

3. EPFO & Social Security

EPFO Contribution to Social Security:

 EPF (Retirement Savings) → Pensionable corpus after retirement

 EPS (Pension Scheme) → Monthly pension after 10 years service

 EDLI (Insurance Scheme) → Death benefits for employees

Other Social Security Initiatives by EPFO / Govt:

1. Pradhan Mantri Shram Yogi Maandhan (PMSYM) – Pension for unorganized

workers

2. Atal Pension Yojana (APY) – Social security for informal sector

3. Unorganized Workers Social Security Schemes – Insurance, pension,

maternity

4. Labour Welfare Programs in India

Definition: Programmes initiated to improve the quality of life of workers.

Scope:

 Health & Safety → First aid, occupational health centers

 Housing → Dormitories, subsidized housing

 Education → Scholarships, vocational training

 Recreation → Canteens, playgrounds, cultural activities

Important Acts/Authorities:
Act / Authority Key Provision

Factories Act, 1948 Safety, working hours, leave, welfare facilities

Mines Act, 1952 Safety, medical facilities, welfare in mining

Labour Welfare Fund Act State-specific funds for worker welfare

Employees’ Compensation Act Compensation for work-related injuries

Contract Labour Act Welfare measures for contract workers

5. Social Security for Unorganized Sector

Importance:

 Large part of Indian workforce (~90%)

 Mostly informal, no PF/EPS coverage by default

Government Schemes:

Scheme Features Contribution / Benefit

Pension scheme for Rs 3,000/month at 60 years,

PMSYM
unorganized workers contribution 55–60 yrs

Monthly pension 1,000– Government co-contribution in

APY
5,000 some cases

National Social Assistance Old age, widow, disability

Fully govt funded
Programme (NSAP) pensions

Wage + social security

MGNREGA Employment guarantee
indirectly

EPFO Role:

 Registering unorganized workers voluntarily under PMSYM

 Monitoring contributions & pension eligibility

6. Key Concepts & Definitions for EPFO Exam

1. Social Security: Protection against social and economic risks

2. Labour Welfare: Measures to improve living and working conditions

 3. Unorganized Sector: Workers not covered under any formal labour legislation

4. Pensionable Service: Service period counted for EPS/Gratuity

5. Nominee: Person designated to receive benefits in case of employee’s death

7. Example Calculations (EPFO Social Security)

Case 1 – PMSYM Contribution:

 Age: 30 yrs, desired pension = Rs 3,000

 Monthly contribution = Rs 55

 Government co-contribution: Rs 55

 Total corpus builds till age 60 → Pension Rs 3,000/month

Case 2 – EPS Pension Calculation:

 Pensionable Salary: Rs 15,000

 Pensionable Service: 25 yrs

 Pension = (15,000 × 25)/70 = Rs 5,357/month

8. Practice MCQs – Social Security & Labour Welfare (20)

1. Social security aims to protect workers from:

a) Contingencies like sickness, old age
b) Recreation only
c) Profit-sharing
d) Training programs
(Answer: a)

2. Labour welfare di ers from social security because:

a) Welfare is mandatory, social security is voluntary
b) Welfare improves working/living conditions, social security provides
protection against risk
c) Welfare is funded by employees
d) Welfare provides pension only
(Answer: b)

3. PMSYM provides pension at the age of:

a) 55
b) 58
 c) 60
d) 65
(Answer: c)

4. Percentage of unorganized sector workers in India:

a) 50%
b) 60%
c) 70%
d) ~90%
(Answer: d)

5. EPFO administers:
a) PMSYM only
b) EPF, EPS, EDLI
c) APY only
d) MGNREGA
(Answer: b)

(Remaining MCQs cover unorganized sector schemes, welfare programs, EPFO

coverage, and pension calculations)

9. Tips for Social Security & Labour Welfare Section

 Memorize all social security schemes and coverage

 Focus on EPFO-administered schemes vs other govt schemes

 Practice pension & contribution calculations

 Learn definitions & di erences (social security vs labour welfare)

 Revise unorganized sector coverage & recent amendments

Quantitative Aptitude & Reasoning Module

1. Arithmetic / Quantitative Aptitude

1.1. Simplification / Approximation

 Topics: BODMAS, fractions, decimals, square roots, cube roots, percentages

  Shortcuts:

o Approximate √x by finding nearest perfect squares

o Percentages: Use 1% = Total/100

 EPFO Tip: Used for PF, EPS, Gratuity, Bonus, pension calculations

Example 1 – Simplification:

(150 × 12 ÷ 6) + √144 = ?

Step 1: 150×12 = 1800

Step 2: 1800 ÷ 6 = 300

Step 3: √144 = 12

Step 4: 300 + 12 = 312

Answer = 312

1.2. Ratio & Proportion

 Formula: a:b = x:y → Solve for unknowns

 EPFO Relevance: Employee-Employer contribution proportion, fund allocation

Example 2 – Ratio:

 Employee:Employer contribution = 12:12

 Employee contributes Rs 1,800 → Employer contributes = Rs 1,800

1.3. Percentage

 Formula: % = (Part / Whole) × 100

 EPFO Relevance: Interest rate calculation on PF, EPS pension growth

Example 3 – PF Interest:

 PF balance = Rs 1,00,000, interest 8.1% → Interest = 1,00,000 × 8.1/100 = Rs

8,100

1.4. Average

 Formula: Average = Sum of terms / Number of terms

  EPFO Use: Average salary for pensionable service, bonus calculation

Example 4 – Average Salary:

 Monthly salaries: 15,000, 16,000, 14,500 → Average = (15,000+16,000+14,500)/3

= 45,500/3 = 15,167

1.5. Profit & Loss

 Formulas:

o Profit = Selling Price – Cost Price

o Loss = Cost Price – Selling Price

o Profit % = (Profit / Cost Price) × 100

 EPFO relevance: Bonus & allowances may use % calculations

1.6. Time, Work & Wages

 Formulas:

o Work done = Rate × Time

o Wages proportional to work done

 EPFO example: Bonus or PF contribution based on number of days worked

Example 5 – Wages:

 Employee works 120 days, daily wage Rs 500 → Total wage = 120×500 = Rs 60,000

1.7. Simple & Compound Interest

 Simple Interest: SI = P × R × T / 100

 Compound Interest: CI = P(1 + R/100)^T – P

 EPFO relevance: PF interest, pension corpus calculation

Example 6 – Compound Interest:

 PF balance Rs 1,00,000, rate 8%, 2 years →

Year 1: 1,00,000 × 1.08 = 1,08,000

Year 2: 1,08,000 × 1.08 = 1,16,640

Interest = 1,16,640 – 1,00,000 = 16,640

1.8. Data Interpretation (DI)

 Types: Tables, Bar Graphs, Pie Charts, Line Graphs

 EPFO relevance: Employee count, PF collection, pension disbursement

Example – Table DI:

Employees PF Contribution
Year
Covered (Cr)

2022 10,000 50

2023 12,000 60

Question: Growth % in PF contribution = ((60–

50)/50)×100 = 20%

2. Reasoning / Mental Ability

2.1. Number & Alphabet Series

 Identify patterns: +, –, ×, ÷, squares, cubes

Example: 2, 6, 12, 20, ? → Di erences: 4,6,8 → Next = 20+10=30

2.2. Coding-Decoding

 Letter/Number substitution rules

Example: If A=1, B=2 → CAT = 3+1+20=24

2.3. Blood Relations

 Relationships among family members

Example: A is B’s father. B is C’s mother. How is A related to C? → Grandfather

2.4. Direction & Distance

 Shortcuts: Use Pythagoras for diagonal distances, directions for

north/south/east/west problems

2.5. Syllogisms

 Logical deduction: “All A are B. Some B are C. Conclusion?”

2.6. Puzzles & Seating Arrangements

  Linear / Circular / Square arrangements

 Stepwise elimination technique

2.7. Analogy & Classification

 Find odd one out or analogy pattern

3. EPFO-Focused Numerical Examples

1. PF Contribution: Employee Rs 18,000, Employer 12% → Employer = 18,000×12%

= 2,160

2. EPS Pension: Salary Rs 15,000, service 25 yrs → Pension = (15,000×25)/70 =

5,357/month

3. Gratuity: Last salary Rs 30,000, service 12 yrs → Gratuity = (30,000×15/26)×12 =

2,07,692

4. Practice MCQs – Quant & Reasoning (30)

1. Employee monthly salary = Rs 15,000, PF contribution 12%. Employee

contribution = ?
a) 1,500 b) 1,800 c) 2,000 d) 1,750
(Answer: b)

2. Average of 12, 15, 18 = ?

a) 13 b) 14 c) 15 d) 16
(Answer: c)

3. 8% CI on 1,00,000 for 2 yrs = ?

a) 16,000 b) 16,640 c) 17,000 d) 16,500
(Answer: b)

4. Coding: If A=1, B=2 → DOG = ?

a) 26 b) 23 c) 25 d) 24
(Answer: c)

5. Syllogism: All PF members are employees. Some employees are pensioners.

Conclusion?
a) Some PF members are pensioners
b) All pensioners are PF members
c) No conclusion
d) All employees are PF members
(Answer: c)
(Remaining 25 MCQs cover DI, puzzles, blood relations, directions, ratio, percentage,
time & work, etc.)

5. Tips for Quant & Reasoning Section

 Practice calculations daily → PF, EPS, Gratuity, Bonus

 Memorize formulas & shortcuts → percentages, averages, CI/SI

 Solve DI & puzzles → tables, charts, seating arrangements

 Time management → attempt easy questions first

 Reasoning → focus on logical deductions, coding-decoding, syllogisms

 Science & Technology Module (Detailed & Elaborated)

 1. Physics (Basic & Everyday Science)

 Definition: Physics studies matter, energy, and their interactions.

 Key Concepts & Applications for EPFO:

 Force and Motion

 Newton’s Laws:

 1st Law: Inertia → Objects at rest stay at rest

 2nd Law: F = m × a → Force proportional to mass and acceleration

 3rd Law: Action = Reaction → Walking, swimming

 EPFO relevance: Mechanization in factories, labor safety

 Work, Power, and Energy

 Work = Force × Distance; Power = Work / Time

 Forms of energy: Kinetic, potential, mechanical, thermal, chemical

 Example: Lifting boxes in a warehouse → Work done calculation

 Electricity & Magnetism

 Current, voltage, resistance → Ohm’s Law: V = I × R

 Domestic circuits, switches, safety devices

 Electromagnetic induction → Generators, motors in industry

 Light & Optics

 Reflection, refraction, lenses, mirrors

 Everyday applications: Eye glasses, cameras, magnifying glass

 Sound

 Propagation in air, frequency, amplitude, pitch

 Example: Communication devices, factory alarms

 Heat & Temperature

 Heat transfer: Conduction, Convection, Radiation

 Practical relevance: Cooking, industrial heating, climate control

 2. Chemistry (Basic & Applied)

 Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures

 Elements: H, O, N, C; Compounds: H2O, CO2

 Mixtures: Homogeneous & heterogeneous

 Acids, Bases, and Salts

 pH scale: Acid (<7), Base (>7), Neutral (7)

 Common household chemicals: Lemon (acid), soap (base)

 Neutralization reactions: Acid + Base → Salt + Water

 Chemical Reactions in Daily Life

 Rusting of iron → Oxidation

 Cooking → Chemical change

 Digestion → Enzymatic reactions

 Fertilizers and Pesticides

 NPK fertilizers → Nitrogen (growth), Phosphorus (root), Potassium (flowering)

 Pesticides → Protect crops, reduce disease

 Environmental Chemistry

 Pollution types: Air (SO2, CO2), Water (industrial e luents), Soil (pesticides)

 Government initiatives: Clean Ganga Mission, Swachh Bharat Abhiyan



 3. Biology (Basic & Applied)

 Human Body & Health

 Organ systems: Digestive, Respiratory, Circulatory, Nervous

 Immunity: Vaccines, antibodies

 Common diseases: Diabetes, Hypertension, Malaria

 Nutrition & Diet

 Macronutrients: Carbohydrates, Proteins, Fats

 Micronutrients: Vitamins A, D, Iron, Iodine

 Deficiency diseases: Anemia, Rickets, Night blindness

 Plants & Ecosystems

 Photosynthesis: CO2 + H2O + sunlight → Glucose + O2

 Types of ecosystems: Forest, Grassland, Aquatic

 Importance: Food, oxygen, employment in forestry & agriculture

 Genetics & Biotechnology

 DNA, RNA basics, genes and traits

 Biotechnology applications: GM crops, insulin production, vaccines

 Public Health Relevance

 Government schemes: National Health Mission, Immunization drives, AYUSH

initiatives

 4. Environment & Ecology

 Ecosystems & Biodiversity

 Ecosystem = Community + Habitat + Interactions

 Biodiversity types: Genetic, Species, Ecosystem

 Hotspots in India: Himalaya, Western Ghats, Indo-Burma

 Pollution & Environmental Protection

 Types: Air, Water, Soil, Noise

 Greenhouse gases: CO2, CH4, N2O

 Climate change e ects: Sea level rise, extreme weather

 Renewable energy: Solar, Wind, Hydro

 Waste Management

 Types: Biodegradable vs Non-biodegradable

 Practices: Recycling, Composting, Landfill management

 Government Initiatives

 National Clean Energy Fund (NCEF)

 National Electric Mobility Mission Plan

 Swachh Bharat Abhiyan

 5. Technology & Modern Innovations

 Information Technology

 Basic computer components, internet, cybersecurity, cloud computing

 Space Technology

 ISRO missions: Chandrayaan, Mangalyaan, Satellite launches

 GPS & Earth observation applications

 Energy Technology

 Solar, Wind, Nuclear energy basics

 Electric Vehicles (EV) and battery technology

 Modern Innovations

 Artificial Intelligence (AI), Robotics, Drones, IoT devices

 Health technologies: Telemedicine, Vaccines, Wearable devices

 Industrial Applications

 Automation in factories, digital record-keeping, smart factories

 6. Everyday Science & Practical Applications

 Boiling, freezing points, water purification

 Electricity safety at home and workplace

 Renewable energy applications: Solar panels, wind turbines

 First aid & safety measures in industrial and o ice settings

 7. EPFO / Exam Relevance

 Many questions are application-based: relating science to daily life, labor

safety, environment, or government programs

 Focus on environmental schemes, renewable energy, innovations, and

health initiatives

 Example: Use of solar panels in PF o ice buildings, vaccination schemes under

Social Security

 8. Practice MCQs – Science & Technology (30)

 Boiling point of water at sea level:

a) 90°C b) 100°C c) 110°C d) 95°C
(Answer: b)

 ISRO’s Mars mission:

a) Mangalyaan b) Chandrayaan-2 c) Astrosat d) Gaganyaan
(Answer: a)

 Greenhouse gas mainly responsible for global warming:

a) Oxygen b) Nitrogen c) CO2 d) Hydrogen
(Answer: c)

 Photosynthesis formula:
a) CO2 + H2O → Glucose + O2 b) H2O + O2 → CO2 c) CO2 → O2 + H2O d) Glucose
→ CO2 + H2O
(Answer: a)

 Renewable energy examples:

a) Coal b) Petroleum c) Solar d) Natural Gas
(Answer: c)

 (Remaining 25 MCQs cover basic physics, chemistry, biology, environment, IT,

space, health tech, and inventions.)

 9. Tips for Science Section

  Focus on concepts + everyday applications

 Revise recent inventions, ISRO missions, AI & EV updates

 Study environment, pollution control, renewable energy, and government

schemes

 Practice MCQs based on daily life, health, technology, and environment

UPSC EPFO 2025 – Numerical & Practice Workbook

1. EPF (Employees’ Provident Fund) Calculations

1.1. Contribution Formula

Contribution Formula

Employee 12% of Basic + DA

Employer 12% of Basic + DA (8.33% to EPS, rest to EPF)

1.2. Example 1 – Monthly PF Contribution

 Basic salary = ₹20,000

 Employee contribution = 20,000 × 12% = ₹2,400

 Employer contribution = 20,000 × 12% = ₹2,400

o EPS portion = 20,000 × 8.33% = ₹1,666

o EPF portion = 2,400 – 1,666 = ₹734

1.3. Annual PF Contribution

 Employee = 2,400 × 12 = ₹28,800

 Employer = 2,400 × 12 = ₹28,800

2. EPS (Employees’ Pension Scheme)

2.1. Pension Formula

𝑃𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝑃𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑆 𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑦 × 𝑃𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑆
=
70

 Pensionable Salary = Average of last 60 months of salary (max ₹15,000)

 Pensionable Service = Years of service (max 35 yrs)

2.2. Example 2 – EPS Pension Calculation

 Last 5 yrs average salary = ₹15,000

 Pensionable service = 25 yrs

15,000 × 25
𝑃𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 = = ₹5,357/𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑡ℎ
70

3. EDLI (Employees’ Deposit Linked Insurance)

3.1. Formula

 Death benefit = 30 × (Average salary × 12) / 1000 × Multiplier (based on service)

3.2. Example 3 – EDLI Calculation

 Salary = ₹15,000/month

 Average salary × 12 = 15,000 × 12 = ₹1,80,000

 EDLI multiplier = 1 × 1.0 → Benefit = ₹1,80,000 × 1 = ₹1,80,000

4. Gratuity Calculation (Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972)

4.1. Formula

Gratuity = \frac{Last\ drawn\ salary \times 15/26 \times Years\ of\ Service}

 Last drawn salary = Basic + DA

 15/26 = 15 days per month

4.2. Example 4 – Gratuity

 Last salary = ₹30,000

 Service = 12 yrs
 15
𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑖𝑡𝑦 = 30,000 × × 12 = ₹2,07,692
26

5. Bonus Calculation (Payment of Bonus Act, 1965)

 Formula: Bonus = (% of salary × eligible salary)

 Minimum bonus: 8.33%

 Maximum bonus: 20%

Example 5 – Bonus

 Salary = ₹15,000/month

 Bonus % = 8.33% → Bonus = 15,000 × 12 × 8.33% = ₹14,994

6. Maternity Benefits Calculation (Maternity Benefit Act, 1961)

 Formula: Maternity Pay = Average daily wage × No. of days leave

 Leave: 26 weeks for 2+ children

Example 6 – Maternity Pay

 Average daily wage = ₹1,000

 Leave = 26 weeks → 26 × 7 = 182 days

𝑀𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑃 𝑎𝑦 = 1,000 × 182 = ₹1,82,000

7. PF Interest Calculation

7.1. Simple Interest (Annual)

𝑆𝐼 = 𝑃𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑝𝑎𝑙 × 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒 × 𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒/100

Example 7 – PF Interest (Simple)

 PF balance = ₹1,00,000, rate = 8.1%, time = 1 yr

𝑆𝐼 = 1,00,000 × 8.1/100 × 1 = ₹8,100

7.2. Compound Interest

 𝐶𝐼 = 𝑃(1 + 𝑅/100) − 𝑃

 PF balance = ₹1,00,000, 2 yrs, 8%

Year 1: 1,00,000 × 1.08 = 1,08,000

Year 2: 1,08,000 × 1.08 = 1,16,640 → Interest = 16,640

8. Pradhan Mantri Shram Yogi Maandhan (PMSYM)

 Pension = ₹3,000/month at 60 yrs

 Contribution varies by age: Younger → lower contribution, Older → higher

contribution

Example 8 – PMSYM Contribution

 Age 30, contribution = ₹55/month

 Govt co-contribution = ₹55/month

 Pension after 60 yrs = ₹3,000/month

9. Practice MCQs – Numerical Section (20)

1. Employee salary = ₹20,000, Employee PF = ?

a) 2,200 b) 2,400 c) 2,600 d) 2,000
(Answer: b)

2. EPS Pensionable Salary = ₹15,000, service = 25 yrs → Pension = ?

a) 5,000 b) 5,357 c) 6,000 d) 4,800
(Answer: b)

3. Last salary = ₹30,000, service = 12 yrs → Gratuity = ?

a) 2,00,000 b) 2,07,692 c) 1,90,000 d) 2,10,000
(Answer: b)

4. Bonus 8.33% on ₹15,000 × 12 → ?

a) ₹14,994 b) ₹15,000 c) ₹12,000 d) ₹13,500
(Answer: a)

5. PF Interest 8% on ₹1,00,000 for 2 yrs (CI) → ?

a) 16,000 b) 16,640 c) 17,000 d) 16,500
(Answer: b)
(Remaining 15 MCQs cover EPF/EDLI/Pension/Maternity/Bonus calculations, ratios,
percentage, SI/CI, time & work relevant to EPFO)

1. Formulas & Shortcuts (Quick Reference Table)

Concept Formula / Shortcut Example / Note

PF Employee Basic × 12% ₹20,000 → 20,000×12% = 2,400

PF Employer Basic × 12% EPS = 8.33%, Rest to EPF

(Pensionable Salary × Avg salary 15,000, 25 yrs →

EPS Pension
Service)/70 5,357/month

EDLI Average Salary × 12 × Multiplier Salary 15,000 → EDLI ₹1,80,000

Gratuity Last salary × 15/26 × Service 30,000 × 15/26 × 12 = 2,07,692

Bonus % × Salary × 12 months 8.33% → 15,000×12×0.0833 = 14,994

Maternity Pay Avg daily wage × No. of days 1,000 × 182 days = 1,82,000

PF Interest (SI) P × R × T /100 1,00,000 × 8.1/100 ×1 = 8,100

PF Interest
P(1+R/100)^T – P 1,00,000 at 8% for 2 yrs → 16,640
(CI)

(Other shortcuts: Percentage, Ratio, Average, Time & Work, SI/CI, DI, basic reasoning)

2. Step-by-Step Solved Examples

2.1 PF & EPS Examples

 Employee salary = ₹25,000

 PF Employee = 25,000×12% = 3,000

 Employer PF = 25,000×12% = 3,000

 EPS contribution = 25,000×8.33% = 2,082

 EPF portion = 3,000 – 2,082 = 918

 EPS Pension: Salary 15,000, Service 28 yrs → Pension = (15,000×28)/70 = 6,000

2.2 EDLI Example

 Last salary = 20,000 → Average ×12 = 2,40,000

 EDLI multiplier = 1 → Benefit = ₹2,40,000

2.3 Gratuity Example

 Last salary = 35,000, Service = 15 yrs

𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑖𝑡𝑦 = 35,000 × 15/26 × 15 = 3,02,019

2.4 Bonus Example

 Salary = 18,000/month, Bonus % = 8.33%

 Bonus = 18,000×12×0.0833 = 17,996

2.5 Maternity Example

 Daily wage = 1,200, Leave = 182 days

 Maternity Pay = 1,200×182 = 2,18,400

2.6 PF Interest Examples

 Simple Interest: 1,50,000 × 8% × 1 yr = 12,000

 Compound Interest: 1,50,000 at 8% for 2 yrs → CI = 1,74,720 – 1,50,000 = 24,720

2.7 PMSYM Example

 Age 32 → Contribution = ₹60, Govt = ₹60 → Pension at 60 = 3,000/month

2.8 Mixed Numerical Examples

 Combining PF, EPS, EDLI, Gratuity, Bonus in one employee scenario

 Stepwise computation for monthly & yearly totals

3. 200+ Practice MCQs

Coverage:

1. PF / EPS / EDLI / Gratuity / Bonus / Pension / Maternity – 120 MCQs

2. Percentage, Ratio, Average, Time & Work, SI/CI – 30 MCQs

3. Data Interpretation (Tables / Graphs / Charts) – 20 MCQs

4. Basic Reasoning / Logical Calculations – 30 MCQs

Sample MCQs:

1. Employee salary = ₹20,000, Employee PF = ?

a) 2,200 b) 2,400 c) 2,600 d) 2,000 → Answer: b

2. EPS Pensionable Salary = 15,000, Service = 25 yrs → Pension?

a) 5,000 b) 5,357 c) 6,000 d) 4,800 → Answer: b

3. Last salary = ₹30,000, Service = 12 yrs → Gratuity?

a) 2,00,000 b) 2,07,692 c) 1,90,000 d) 2,10,000 → Answer: b

Final Revision Package

1. English Language Module

1.1 Grammar

Topic Key Points / Examples

Tenses Present, Past, Future; Simple, Continuous, Perfect, Perfect Continuous

Articles a, an, the; Usage with countable / uncountable nouns

Prepositions at, in, on, by, for, with; Common mistakes: in the morning, at night

Conjunctions and, but, or, because, although; joining clauses

Modals can, could, may, might, shall, should, will, would, must

Examples:
  She has been working here for 5 years.

 I will go to the market tomorrow.

 He is intelligent, but lazy.

1.2 Vocabulary

Area Examples / Tips

Synonyms Quick → Fast, Rapid; Important → Significant

Antonyms Happy ↔ Sad; Increase ↔ Decrease

Idioms & Phrases Break the ice, Hit the nail on the head, Once in a blue moon

Word Usage A ect vs E ect, Accept vs Except

1.3 Comprehension

 Practice passage reading: Identify main idea, tone, and inferences

 Tips: Skim first, read questions, then passage

1.4 Spotting Errors / Para Jumbles / Cloze Test

 Error spotting: Look for subject-verb agreement, tense, preposition errors

 Para jumbles: Arrange sentences logically, check connectors

 Cloze test: Fill the blanks with correct word/tense

1.5 Sample MCQs (English – 10)

1. Choose the correct sentence:

a) He go to school.
b) He goes to school.
c) He going to school.
d) He gone to school.
Answer: b
 2. Synonym of “Rapid”:
a) Slow b) Quick c) Weak d) Heavy
Answer: b

3. Antonym of “Increase”:
a) Rise b) Growth c) Decrease d) Surge
Answer: c

(Remaining MCQs cover grammar, vocabulary, comprehension, spotting errors, para

jumbles, cloze tests.)

2. Accounting / Financial Management Module

2.1 Journals & Ledger

Transaction Journal Entry Example

Cash received from customer ₹5,000 Dr Cash ₹5,000 / Cr Sales ₹5,000

Bought goods on credit ₹3,000 Dr Purchases ₹3,000 / Cr Creditors ₹3,000

2.2 Trial Balance & Financial Statements

 Trial Balance: Sum of debit = Sum of credit

 Profit & Loss Account: Revenue – Expenses = Profit/Loss

 Balance Sheet: Assets = Liabilities + Capital

Example:

 Total Assets = 1,50,000; Liabilities = 80,000; Capital = 70,000 → Balanced

2.3 Ratio Analysis

Ratio Formula Interpretation

Current Ratio Current Assets / Current Liabilities Liquidity

Debt-Equity Ratio Debt / Equity Financial stability

Gross Profit Ratio Gross Profit / Net Sales × 100 Profitability

2.4 Sample MCQs (Accounting – 10)

 1. Cash received from customer ₹10,000, Journal entry?
a) Dr Sales / Cr Cash
b) Dr Cash / Cr Sales
c) Dr Bank / Cr Sales
d) Dr Cash / Cr Bank
Answer: b

2. Current Ratio formula:

a) CA – CL b) CA/CL c) CL/CA d) CL+CA
Answer: b

(Remaining MCQs cover journals, ledgers, trial balance, ratios, financial statements.)

3. Labour Laws & Industrial Relations Module

3.1 EPF / EPS / EDLI Contributions

Salary Employee 12% Employer 12% EPS 8.33% EPF Portion

20,000 2,400 2,400 1,666 734

3.2 Gratuity Calculation

𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑖𝑡𝑦
= 𝐿𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑆 𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑦 × 15/26
× 𝑌𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑠 𝑜 𝑓𝑆 𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑖𝑐𝑒

Example: Salary 30,000, Service 12 yrs → Gratuity = 2,07,692

3.3 Bonus Calculation

 8.33% minimum, 20% maximum

 Example: Salary = 15,000 → Bonus = 14,994

3.4 Maternity Benefit Calculation

 Daily wage × Leave days (26 weeks = 182 days)

 Example: Daily wage = 1,000 → 1,82,000

3.5 Sample MCQs (Labour Laws – 10)

1. Employee PF contribution = ? (Salary 25,000)

a) 2,500 b) 3,000 c) 2,800 d) 3,200
Answer: b

2. EPS Pension = ? (Salary 15,000, Service 25 yrs)

a) 5,000 b) 5,357 c) 6,000 d) 4,800
Answer: b

(Remaining MCQs cover EPF, EPS, EDLI, Bonus, Gratuity, Maternity, IR laws.)

I can continue compiling all remaining subjects sequentially in this format:

 Indian Economy & Current A airs

 EPFO Administration & Procedures

 Social Security & Labour Welfare

 Science / Technology / Environment

 Quantitative Aptitude & Reasoning (with full numerical workbook, tables,

charts, 200+ MCQs)

If you want, I can now continue with the next module – Indian Economy & Current
A airs, complete with tables, charts, and MCQs, so you can copy-paste the entire
package sequentially.

Do you want me to proceed with that next?

You said:

yes

ChatGPT said:

Perfect — let’s continue with the Indian Economy & Current A airs Module for
EPFO 2025, fully detailed with tables, charts, and MCQs. You can copy-paste it
sequentially.

4. Indian Economy & Current A airs Module

4.1 Indian Economy – Key Concepts

Topic Key Points / Examples

Total value of goods & services produced; Sectors: Primary, Secondary,

GDP
Tertiary

Inflation Rise in general price level; Measured by CPI, WPI

Deflation Fall in general price level

Fiscal Policy Government revenue & expenditure; Deficit, Surplus

Monetary
RBI regulates money supply; Repo rate, CRR, SLR
Policy

Banking Sector Public & Private Banks; NABARD, RBI, SIDBI

Public Debt Borrowing by central & state governments

Social Security Pensions, EPFO, PMSYM, APY, NSAP

4.2 Government Schemes & Social Security Programs

Scheme Objective Key Points

Provident Fund, Pension,

EPFO Covers organized sector
Insurance

Contribution varies by age, ₹3,000/month

PMSYM Pension for unorganized sector
at 60

APY Atal Pension Yojana Minimum pension ₹1,000–5,000/month

National Social Assistance Financial assistance for elderly, widows,

NSAP
Program disabled

MGNREGA Employment guarantee 100 days of wage employment

4.3 Recent Economic Updates (Last 2–3 Years)

Year Key Event / Update

2023 RBI repo rate update, GDP growth ~7%

2024 National Digital Payments initiatives, Inflation trends

Year Key Event / Update

2025 Govt schemes updated for social security & welfare

(Keep track of current a airs related to labor laws, pensions, EPFO updates, banking,
and finance.)

4.4 Key Tables & Charts for Quick Revision

Table 1 – Inflation & CPI/WPI Trends

Year CPI (%) WPI (%)

2023 6.2 5.5

2024 5.8 4.9

2025 5.5 4.7

Table 2 – Fiscal & Monetary Policy Indicators

Indicator 2023 2024 2025

Repo Rate 6.5% 6.25% 6%

CRR 4% 4% 4%

SLR 18% 18% 18%

Chart 1 – Sector-wise GDP Contribution

Primary Sector: 18%

Secondary Sector: 25%

Tertiary Sector: 57%

4.5 Sample MCQs – Indian Economy & Current A airs (10)

1. What is the current repo rate of RBI (2025)?

a) 6% b) 6.5% c) 5.5% d) 7%
Answer: a

2. PMSYM provides pension to:

a) Organized sector employees b) Unorganized sector c) Central Govt only d)
 Farmers
Answer: b

3. Minimum pension under APY:

a) ₹500 b) ₹1,000 c) ₹1,500 d) ₹2,000
Answer: b

4. GDP sector contribution – Tertiary sector in India:

a) 45% b) 50% c) 57% d) 60%
Answer: c

5. NSAP covers:
a) Farmers b) Elderly, widows, disabled c) Teachers d) Students
Answer: b

(Remaining MCQs – 195 – cover fiscal policy, monetary policy, inflation, banking, social
security schemes, government updates.)