Animal rearing

• Although crop produc on is the principal ac vity, livestock is an important

secondary income source for many small-scale and marginal farmers in
Odisha who may own only a few animals. (Dalwai)
• More than 80% of Odisha’s rural popula on own livestock, which generates
up to 30% of the income of small-scale, marginal and landless farmers.
• Live Stock Masterplan->
• The plan includes a baseline livestock sector analysis, a 15-year livestock
sector strategy and a ve-year sector investment plan.
• The sector investment plan includes a nancial and human resource
analysis and a budget to guide the development of a sustainable livestock
sector for the state.
ti
fi
fi
ti
ti
• Livestock products such as milk, meat and eggs provide important
macronutrients (proteins and fats) and micronutrients (vitamins and
minerals) to farm households.
• As per the Livestock Census 2019, Odisha has 3.4 per cent of India’s total
livestock popula on and 3.2 per cent of the total poultry.
• Livestock produc on is an important economic ac vity in Odisha,
comprising about 3% of GSDP in 2020–21
• about 20% of the total value of agricultural produc on.
ti
ti
ti
ti
 IMPORTANCE OF LIVESTOCK
• Poverty reduc on: improved household incomes that move some households
above the poverty line;
• Economic growth: increased contribu on of the livestock sector to Gross State
Domes c Product (GSDP);
• Food and nutri on security (FNS) of rural people, especially women and children:
increased availability and access to animal source foods to women and children
with food access below recommended levels;
• Export poten al: increased value of livestock products provided to the rest of
India and neighbouring countries;
• Social equity: reduced inequality in household and post produc on incomes,
greater empowerment of women, employment and investment opportuni es for
women, youth and speci c minority ethnic groups.
ti
ti
ti
ti
fi
ti
ti
ti
 • The cale popula on has declined overall over the past two decades; however, there
has been an increase in the number of crossbred animals which has allowed milk
produc on to grow at roughly 5% per year.

• The number of sheep has also declined during this period, and the number of goats is
roughly unchanged.

• In contrast to the dynamic of ruminant animals, there has been a marked increase in
chicken and poultry produc on, par cularly since 2012.
tt
ti
ti
ti
ti
 Ca le systems
• Constrained-> low produc vity, a lack of access to good quality feed, and a frequent
occurrence of diseases, low-yielding breeds, poor animal health and insu cient feed
and fodder.
• Odisha’s milk produc vity is s ll low compared to the na onal average and to that in
neighbouring states like Andhra Pradesh.
• Lower produc on -> low percentage of crossbreeds and other improved breeds
within the bovine popula on, and low milk yield from available indigenous breeds.
• Urbanisa on, Higher percapita income-> Consump on of milk is rising
tt
ti
ti
ti
ti
ti
ti
ti
ti
ffi
 • Na onal ar cial insemina on program, eight ‘bull mother’ farms under the
Directorate of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Science, government
and breeders’ society organiza ons for breed improvement
ti
ti
fi
ti
ti
 Goat systems

•Main occupa on -> especially for the landless, the poor, and marginal
farmers, including nomadic and ethnic tribal groups
•Produc on can be enhanced-> more than 30% of its land s ll covered in
forest, and demand for goat meat has been increasing over the years due to
urbaniza on and a rise in per-capita income.
•Associated issues: Absence of veterinary services, limited access to
func onal diagnos c facility, limited extension suitable for women, exposure
of women to zoono c diseases, high mortality rates, high incidence of
parasites, limited awareness of the impacts of goat health on pro tability
ti
ti
ti
ti
ti
ti
ti
fi
Measures:
• Animal health organiza ons and quali ed personnel, private sector vaccine
availability, mobile veterinary units in all areas

ti
fi
Poultry
 Integrated Livestock Development Program
• The ca le breeding programme is implemented through a network
of 285 Ca le Development Centres (CDCs) spread across various
districts of the State.
• Each CDC is responsible for the gene c improvement of 1000 ca le
through Ar cial Insemina on.
• The programme adopted a holis c approach integra ng health,
nutri on and management through promo onal ac vi es, awareness
crea on and geo-tagged calving reports to improve breeding services
in the State.
ti
ti
tt
tt
ti
fi
ti
ti
ti
ti
ti
ti
ti
tt
 Gene c Improvement of Bovine:
• Odisha Breeding policy, 2015, -> to promote Ar cial Insemina on (AI).
• AI centres provide breeding services to bovines for the gene c improvement of
ca le and bu aloes.
Preven ve Vaccina on of Livestock:
• Na onal Animal Disease Control Programme (NADCP)-> Foot and Mouth Disease
(FMD) vaccina on has been ini ated in a mission mode to control FMD by 2025.
• All the vaccinated animals have been ear-tagged, and data has been uploaded on
the na onal portal (INAPH) data has been uploaded on the na onal portal (INAPH).
tt
ti
ti
ti
ti
ff
ti
ti
ti
ti
fi
ti
ti
ti
• Promo ng Animal Health in Orissa (PAHO) -> Enabling 1000 SC and
ST women smallholders in the Rampur Block Kalahandi district of
Orissa to increase income and contribute to household well-being by
improved access to animal health services.
ti
Fishing industry:
• The long coastline (480KM) and the
coastal plains are the gi of six major
rivers: the Subarnrekha, the
Budhabalanga, the Baitarani, the
Brahmani, the Mahanadi, the Rusikulya
and a number of small rivers.
• The world’s largest brackish water lake
Chilika is famous for shing. All the
rivers meet the Bay of Bengal on the
east. Nearly 80 per cent of the people of
the State are habituated to ea ng sh.
• The state has 7.04 lakh ha of freshwater
resources and 4.18 lakh ha of brackish
water resources.
fi
ft
ti
fi
Government Ini a ves for Fishery
• The Government spends around INR 100 crores per year on subsidy to encourage
farmers towards aquaculture.
• Long-term lease of panchayat tanks is provided to women SHGs, and currently,
around 8300 women SHGs undertake pisciculture under the “Mission Shak ”
programme.
• Balasore district received the “Best Marine District” award on ‘World Fisheries
Day-2021’ (21st Nov) in a ceremony organized by the Ministry of Fisheries, Animal
Husbandry & Dairying, Government of India.
ti
ti
ti
Jatadharisir4u