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Virtualization and Containerization

The document provides an overview of virtualization and containerization, detailing hypervisors, containers, and OS-level virtualization. It explains Type I and Type II hypervisors, introduces KVM, QEMU, and Xen, and describes container technologies like Docker and LXC. Additionally, it outlines namespaces for process isolation and includes steps for deploying and configuring Docker containers.

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priya selvakumar
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99 views2 pages

Virtualization and Containerization

The document provides an overview of virtualization and containerization, detailing hypervisors, containers, and OS-level virtualization. It explains Type I and Type II hypervisors, introduces KVM, QEMU, and Xen, and describes container technologies like Docker and LXC. Additionally, it outlines namespaces for process isolation and includes steps for deploying and configuring Docker containers.

Uploaded by

priya selvakumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Virtualization and Containerization

1. Hypervisors
A hypervisor (Virtual Machine Monitor) is software or firmware that enables multiple
operating systems to run concurrently on a single physical machine by abstracting
hardware resources.

• Type I (Bare Metal Hypervisor):


- Runs directly on the hardware.
- Examples: VMware ESXi, Microsoft Hyper-V, Xen.
- High performance and security.

• Type II (Hosted Hypervisor):


- Runs on top of a host operating system.
- Examples: Oracle VirtualBox, VMware Workstation.
- Easier to use but slightly less efficient.

Diagram:
[Hardware] → [Hypervisor Type I] → [VMs]
[Hardware] → [Host OS] → [Hypervisor Type II] → [VMs]

2. KVM, QEMU, Xen


• KVM (Kernel-based Virtual Machine): Linux kernel module that turns Linux into a
hypervisor.
• QEMU: Open-source emulator and virtualizer; often used with KVM for hardware
acceleration.
• Xen: Type I hypervisor; widely used in cloud platforms (e.g., AWS EC2).

3. Containers
Containers provide OS-level virtualization, isolating applications using shared kernel
features like namespaces and control groups.
They are lightweight compared to VMs.

• Docker: Popular container platform for packaging and running applications.


• LXC (Linux Containers): Lightweight virtualization using kernel namespaces and cgroups.
• systemd-nspawn: Container tool for spawning lightweight containers using systemd.

Diagram:
[Host OS + Kernel] → [Containers: App1, App2, App3] (Shared kernel, isolated user-space)
4. OS-level Virtualization and Namespaces
Namespaces provide process isolation at the OS level by restricting visibility of system
resources:
• PID Namespace – Isolates process IDs.
• Mount Namespace – Isolates filesystem mount points.
• Network Namespace – Provides isolated network interfaces.
• IPC Namespace – Isolates inter-process communication.
• UTS Namespace – Isolates hostname and domain name.
• User Namespace – Isolates user and group IDs.

5. Activity: Deploy and Configure Docker Containers


Objective: Learn how to deploy and configure Docker containers with various images.
Steps:
1. Install Docker on the host machine.
2. Pull images from Docker Hub (e.g., nginx, mysql, ubuntu).
Command: docker pull nginx
3. Run containers from images.
Command: docker run -d -p 80:80 nginx
4. Inspect running containers.
Command: docker ps
5. Configure multiple containers to interact (e.g., web server + database).
6. Use docker-compose to define multi-container applications.
7. Stop and remove containers when not needed.

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