BCA5002 – Java Programming and Dynamic Webpages Design (Unit-II)
1. Java Applets
Q: What is an Applet? Explain its life cycle.
A: Applet is a Java program that runs in web browser. It's a subclass of [Link].
Applet Life Cycle Methods:
1. init(): Called once when applet is loaded. Used for initialization.
java
public void init() {
// initialization code
2. start(): Called after init() and whenever applet is revisited. Starts applet execution.
java
public void start() {
// start applet
3. paint(Graphics g): Called to draw/redraw applet content.
java
public void paint(Graphics g) {
[Link]("Hello Applet", 50, 50);
4. stop(): Called when user leaves applet page. Suspends applet execution.
java
public void stop() {
// stop applet
5. destroy(): Called when applet is removed from memory. Final cleanup.
java
BCA5002 – Java Programming and Dynamic Webpages Design (Unit-II) RAMAN SHUKLA
BCA5002 – Java Programming and Dynamic Webpages Design (Unit-II)
public void destroy() {
// cleanup code
Basic Applet Structure:
java
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
public class MyApplet extends Applet {
public void init() {
// initialize
public void paint(Graphics g) {
[Link]("Hello World", 20, 20);
HTML to run applet:
html
<applet code="[Link]" width="300" height="300">
</applet>
2. AWT Controls
A. Button
Q: How to create and use Button in AWT?
A: Button is a clickable component.
BCA5002 – Java Programming and Dynamic Webpages Design (Unit-II) RAMAN SHUKLA
BCA5002 – Java Programming and Dynamic Webpages Design (Unit-II)
Main Functions:
java
import [Link].*;
Button btn = new Button("Click Me"); // create button
[Link]("New Label"); // set button text
String text = [Link](); // get button text
[Link](false); // disable button
[Link](true); // enable button
Complete Example:
java
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
public class ButtonExample extends Frame implements ActionListener {
Button btn;
ButtonExample() {
btn = new Button("Click Me");
[Link](50, 50, 100, 30);
[Link](this); // add listener
add(btn);
setSize(300, 300);
setLayout(null);
setVisible(true);
BCA5002 – Java Programming and Dynamic Webpages Design (Unit-II) RAMAN SHUKLA
BCA5002 – Java Programming and Dynamic Webpages Design (Unit-II)
}
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
[Link]("Clicked!");
B. Label
Q: What is Label? Explain with functions.
A: Label displays non-editable text.
Main Functions:
java
Label lbl = new Label("Enter Name:"); // create label
[Link]("New Text"); // change text
String text = [Link](); // get text
[Link]([Link]); // set alignment (LEFT, CENTER, RIGHT)
Example:
java
Label lbl1 = new Label("Username:");
[Link](50, 50, 100, 20);
add(lbl1);
C. TextField
Q: Explain TextField with main functions.
A: TextField is single-line text input field.
Main Functions:
BCA5002 – Java Programming and Dynamic Webpages Design (Unit-II) RAMAN SHUKLA
BCA5002 – Java Programming and Dynamic Webpages Design (Unit-II)
java
TextField tf = new TextField(); // empty textfield
TextField tf = new TextField("Initial Text"); // with text
TextField tf = new TextField(20); // with columns
[Link]("New Text"); // set text
String text = [Link](); // get text
[Link]('*'); // for password (hide characters)
[Link](false); // make read-only
Example:
java
TextField tf = new TextField();
[Link](150, 50, 150, 20);
add(tf);
D. TextArea
Q: What is TextArea? Main functions.
A: TextArea is multi-line text input area.
Main Functions:
java
TextArea ta = new TextArea(); // empty
TextArea ta = new TextArea("Initial Text"); // with text
TextArea ta = new TextArea(5, 20); // rows, columns
[Link]("New Text"); // set text
String text = [Link](); // get text
[Link]("More text"); // append text
[Link]("Insert", 5); // insert at position
BCA5002 – Java Programming and Dynamic Webpages Design (Unit-II) RAMAN SHUKLA
BCA5002 – Java Programming and Dynamic Webpages Design (Unit-II)
E. Checkbox
Q: Explain Checkbox with functions.
A: Checkbox is a selection control (on/off).
Main Functions:
java
Checkbox cb = new Checkbox("Option 1"); // create checkbox
Checkbox cb = new Checkbox("Option 2", true); // checked by default
[Link](true); // check
[Link](false); // uncheck
boolean isChecked = [Link](); // get state
String label = [Link](); // get label
CheckboxGroup (Radio Buttons):
java
CheckboxGroup cbg = new CheckboxGroup();
Checkbox cb1 = new Checkbox("Male", cbg, true);
Checkbox cb2 = new Checkbox("Female", cbg, false);
F. Choice (Combo Box/Dropdown)
Q: What is Choice? Explain main functions.
A: Choice is dropdown list (combo box) for selecting one option.
Main Functions:
java
Choice choice = new Choice(); // create choice
[Link]("Item 1"); // add item
[Link]("Item 2");
BCA5002 – Java Programming and Dynamic Webpages Design (Unit-II) RAMAN SHUKLA
BCA5002 – Java Programming and Dynamic Webpages Design (Unit-II)
[Link]("Item 3");
[Link]("Item 0", 0); // insert at index
String selected = [Link](); // get selected item
int index = [Link](); // get selected index
[Link](2); // select by index
[Link]("Item 2"); // select by name
[Link](1); // remove item at index
[Link](); // remove all items
int count = [Link](); // get item count
Example:
java
Choice choice = new Choice();
[Link](100, 100, 100, 50);
[Link]("Red");
[Link]("Green");
[Link]("Blue");
add(choice);
G. List
Q: Explain List component with functions.
A: List displays multiple items and allows selection.
Main Functions:
java
List list = new List(); // single selection
List list = new List(5); // visible rows = 5
List list = new List(5, true); // multiple selection enabled
BCA5002 – Java Programming and Dynamic Webpages Design (Unit-II) RAMAN SHUKLA
BCA5002 – Java Programming and Dynamic Webpages Design (Unit-II)
[Link]("Item 1"); // add item
[Link]("Item 2", 0); // add at index
String selected = [Link](); // get selected item
int index = [Link](); // get selected index
String[] items = [Link](); // multiple selection
int[] indices = [Link](); // multiple indices
[Link](2); // select by index
[Link](1); // deselect by index
[Link](0); // remove item
[Link](); // remove all
int count = [Link](); // get count
Example:
java
List list = new List(4, true); // 4 visible rows, multiple selection
[Link](100, 100, 100, 100);
[Link]("Java");
[Link]("Python");
[Link]("C++");
add(list);
3. Event Listeners
Q: What are Event Listeners? Explain main listeners.
A: Listeners handle events (user actions) on components.
A. ActionListener
For: Button, TextField, MenuItem
BCA5002 – Java Programming and Dynamic Webpages Design (Unit-II) RAMAN SHUKLA
BCA5002 – Java Programming and Dynamic Webpages Design (Unit-II)
Main Function:
java
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
// handle action
Example:
java
class MyClass implements ActionListener {
Button btn = new Button("Click");
MyClass() {
[Link](this);
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
[Link]("Button clicked");
B. ItemListener
For: Checkbox, Choice, List
Main Function:
java
public void itemStateChanged(ItemEvent e) {
// handle item selection
BCA5002 – Java Programming and Dynamic Webpages Design (Unit-II) RAMAN SHUKLA
BCA5002 – Java Programming and Dynamic Webpages Design (Unit-II)
Example:
java
class MyClass implements ItemListener {
Checkbox cb = new Checkbox("Accept");
MyClass() {
[Link](this);
public void itemStateChanged(ItemEvent e) {
if([Link]() == [Link]) {
[Link]("Checked");
C. MouseListener
For: All components
Main Functions:
java
public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e) { }
public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) { }
public void mouseReleased(MouseEvent e) { }
public void mouseEntered(MouseEvent e) { }
public void mouseExited(MouseEvent e) { }
BCA5002 – Java Programming and Dynamic Webpages Design (Unit-II) RAMAN SHUKLA
BCA5002 – Java Programming and Dynamic Webpages Design (Unit-II)
D. KeyListener
For: TextField, TextArea
Main Functions:
java
public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) { }
public void keyReleased(KeyEvent e) { }
public void keyTyped(KeyEvent e) { }
E. WindowListener
For: Frame, Dialog
Main Functions:
java
public void windowOpened(WindowEvent e) { }
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
[Link](0); // close window
public void windowClosed(WindowEvent e) { }
public void windowActivated(WindowEvent e) { }
public void windowDeactivated(WindowEvent e) { }
4. Menu Bar
Q: How to create MenuBar with Menu and MenuItem?
A: MenuBar contains menus, which contain menu items.
Main Functions:
MenuBar:
java
BCA5002 – Java Programming and Dynamic Webpages Design (Unit-II) RAMAN SHUKLA
BCA5002 – Java Programming and Dynamic Webpages Design (Unit-II)
MenuBar mb = new MenuBar(); // create menubar
setMenuBar(mb); // add to frame
[Link](menu); // add menu
Menu:
java
Menu menu = new Menu("File"); // create menu
[Link](menuItem); // add menu item
[Link](); // add separator line
MenuItem:
java
MenuItem mi = new MenuItem("Open"); // create menu item
[Link](this); // add listener
[Link](false); // disable
Complete Example:
java
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
public class MenuExample extends Frame implements ActionListener {
MenuBar mb;
Menu fileMenu, editMenu;
MenuItem openItem, saveItem, exitItem;
MenuItem cutItem, copyItem, pasteItem;
MenuExample() {
// Create MenuBar
BCA5002 – Java Programming and Dynamic Webpages Design (Unit-II) RAMAN SHUKLA
BCA5002 – Java Programming and Dynamic Webpages Design (Unit-II)
mb = new MenuBar();
// Create File Menu
fileMenu = new Menu("File");
openItem = new MenuItem("Open");
saveItem = new MenuItem("Save");
exitItem = new MenuItem("Exit");
[Link](this);
[Link](this);
[Link](this);
[Link](openItem);
[Link](saveItem);
[Link](); // separator line
[Link](exitItem);
// Create Edit Menu
editMenu = new Menu("Edit");
cutItem = new MenuItem("Cut");
copyItem = new MenuItem("Copy");
pasteItem = new MenuItem("Paste");
[Link](cutItem);
[Link](copyItem);
[Link](pasteItem);
BCA5002 – Java Programming and Dynamic Webpages Design (Unit-II) RAMAN SHUKLA
BCA5002 – Java Programming and Dynamic Webpages Design (Unit-II)
// Add menus to menubar
[Link](fileMenu);
[Link](editMenu);
// Set menubar to frame
setMenuBar(mb);
setSize(400, 400);
setVisible(true);
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
if([Link]() == exitItem) {
[Link](0);
else if([Link]() == openItem) {
[Link]("Open clicked");
else if([Link]() == saveItem) {
[Link]("Save clicked");
CheckboxMenuItem:
java
BCA5002 – Java Programming and Dynamic Webpages Design (Unit-II) RAMAN SHUKLA
BCA5002 – Java Programming and Dynamic Webpages Design (Unit-II)
CheckboxMenuItem cbmi = new CheckboxMenuItem("Word Wrap");
[Link](true); // check
boolean state = [Link](); // get state
5. Layout Managers
Q: What are Layout Managers? Explain types.
A: Layout Managers arrange components in container automatically.
A. FlowLayout (Default for Panel)
Arranges components left to right, top to bottom.
Main Functions:
java
setLayout(new FlowLayout()); // default (CENTER)
setLayout(new FlowLayout([Link])); // left aligned
setLayout(new FlowLayout([Link])); // right aligned
setLayout(new FlowLayout([Link], 10, 20)); // hgap=10, vgap=20
Example:
java
setLayout(new FlowLayout());
add(new Button("Button 1"));
add(new Button("Button 2"));
add(new Button("Button 3"));
B. BorderLayout (Default for Frame)
Divides container into 5 regions: NORTH, SOUTH, EAST, WEST, CENTER.
Main Functions:
java
BCA5002 – Java Programming and Dynamic Webpages Design (Unit-II) RAMAN SHUKLA
BCA5002 – Java Programming and Dynamic Webpages Design (Unit-II)
setLayout(new BorderLayout());
add(component, [Link]);
add(component, [Link]);
add(component, [Link]);
add(component, [Link]);
add(component, [Link]);
setLayout(new BorderLayout(10, 20)); // hgap=10, vgap=20
Example:
java
setLayout(new BorderLayout());
add(new Button("North"), [Link]);
add(new Button("South"), [Link]);
add(new Button("East"), [Link]);
add(new Button("West"), [Link]);
add(new Button("Center"), [Link]);
C. GridLayout
Arranges components in rows and columns (equal size).
Main Functions:
java
setLayout(new GridLayout(3, 2)); // 3 rows, 2 columns
setLayout(new GridLayout(3, 2, 10, 20)); // with gaps (hgap=10, vgap=20)
Example:
java
setLayout(new GridLayout(3, 2)); // 3x2 grid
add(new Button("1"));
BCA5002 – Java Programming and Dynamic Webpages Design (Unit-II) RAMAN SHUKLA
BCA5002 – Java Programming and Dynamic Webpages Design (Unit-II)
add(new Button("2"));
add(new Button("3"));
add(new Button("4"));
add(new Button("5"));
add(new Button("6"));
D. CardLayout
Shows one component at a time (like cards).
Main Functions:
java
CardLayout card = new CardLayout();
setLayout(card);
add(panel1, "Card1"); // add with name
add(panel2, "Card2");
[Link](container, "Card1"); // show specific card
[Link](container); // show first card
[Link](container); // show last card
[Link](container); // show next card
[Link](container); // show previous card
E. GridBagLayout
Most flexible, complex layout. Allows different sized components.
Main Functions:
java
GridBagLayout gbl = new GridBagLayout();
BCA5002 – Java Programming and Dynamic Webpages Design (Unit-II) RAMAN SHUKLA
BCA5002 – Java Programming and Dynamic Webpages Design (Unit-II)
GridBagConstraints gbc = new GridBagConstraints();
setLayout(gbl);
[Link] = 0; // column position
[Link] = 0; // row position
[Link] = 2; // spans 2 columns
[Link] = 1; // spans 1 row
[Link] = [Link]; // fill space
[Link] = 1.0; // horizontal weight
[Link] = 1.0; // vertical weight
add(component, gbc);
F. No Layout (null)
Absolute positioning using setBounds().
Main Functions:
java
setLayout(null);
Button btn = new Button("Click");
[Link](x, y, width, height); // set position and size
add(btn);
Example:
java
setLayout(null);
Button btn = new Button("Click Me");
[Link](50, 50, 100, 30); // x=50, y=50, w=100, h=30
BCA5002 – Java Programming and Dynamic Webpages Design (Unit-II) RAMAN SHUKLA
BCA5002 – Java Programming and Dynamic Webpages Design (Unit-II)
add(btn);
Quick Reference Table
Component Main Methods
Button setLabel(), getLabel(), addActionListener()
Label setText(), getText(), setAlignment()
TextField setText(), getText(), setEchoChar()
TextArea setText(), getText(), append()
Checkbox setState(), getState(), getLabel()
Choice add(), getSelectedItem(), select()
List add(), getSelectedItem(), select()
Menu add(), addSeparator()
MenuItem addActionListener(), setEnabled()
BCA5002 – Java Programming and Dynamic Webpages Design (Unit-II) RAMAN SHUKLA
