ICCS121

SY S . S KIL LS & L OW-LV . P ROGRA M MIN G

LE CT URE 0 8:
C P R O G RA M M IN G

S. TEERAKANOK,
Mahidol University
International College (MUIC)
CompTIA CSIE | CEH | CC | BTL1
CISA | SAL1 | CBROPS | CTT+ | PROJECT+
WHOAMI?
Dr. Songpon
TEERAKANOK (Oan)
Sec+ | Pentest+ | CySA+ | SecurityX | CISA
Proj+ | CTT+ | CC | BTL1 | SAL1 | CBROPS | CEH

Area of Expertise:

• Cybersecurity
• Cryptography and Network Security
• Digital Forensics

Contact: [email protected]
Website: songpon.teerakanok.me
FB Page: CyberSkills – by Aj. Songpon
Medium: https://medium.com/@teerakanok

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DISCLAIMER ! IP & Ethical Conduct

Intellectual Property

• All course materials are protected under the Intellectual

Property Act. Unauthorized copying, modification, or
distribution is prohibited without explicit written permission.

Ethical Use of Knowledge

• This course includes sensitive cybersecurity and privacy

content. Participants must commit to using acquired skills
ethically, avoiding harm, offense, or illegal personal gain.

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Credits

• Slide Courtesy of Aj. Sunsern Cheamanunkul

ICCS121, Mahidol University International College

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>> RECAP

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Data Types

• Like other languages, C works with multiple data types

o int
o char
o float

• Note 1: These data types represent values

o Int value of 65 is a letter ‘A’ in char

• Note 2: C only support basic data types

o You can define your own complex data types
o No boolean → 0 means false, non-zero means true

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Control
Structure – if

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Control Structure – switch-case

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Loop

• while(statement)

• do-while(statement)

• You can use “break;” to break out of the loop

• You can use “continue;” to skip the current

iteration of the loop

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>> I/O & Files

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Basic In/Output – Printf & Scanf

• To print something to the standard output, use printf

printf(“Hello World %d”,10); // print Hello World 10

• To read from the standard input, use scanf

scanf(“%d”, &a); // read the number from the input,

// store it in the variable a

• You will want to practice with format string in our in-class

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File Pointers

• Accessing the file is done to a file pointer

FILE *file_pointer_name;
fp = fopen(“path_to_file”, mode)
fclose(fp);

• See how to use it here:

https://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html_node/Opening-Streams.html

• If there is an error → fopen returns NULL

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Reading from a File

• Instead of scanf(“%d”,&A) you use

fscanf(file_pointer,”%d”,&A) → Read one integer to A

• The same concept also applies for

o getc
o gets
o See https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/C_Programming/Stream_IO

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Writing to a File

• Instead of printf(“%d”,A) you use

fprintf(file_pointer,”%d”,A) → Write one integer to A

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End of File (EOF)

• An end of a file is denoted as end-of-file (EOF)

• You can use the function feof(file_pointer) to check if you reach the end of file

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>> Preprocessor Directives

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Preprocessor Directives

• Special commands in C, C++, and similar languages that tell the preprocessor to
modify your source code before it's passed to the compiler.

• This essentially process information on your c code

• The header files (all the .h files)

• The define (#define)

• Etc. (things listed with the # symbol such as #ifndef

• Then, it tokenize your file

Basically process your program text and prepare these tokens for the compiler

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Header Files

• Include function definitions for your program

• Include some codes that you want to leave out of the main .c file

• Include function definitions of pre-build functions

stdio.h, stdlib.h

• You can also use this for installed libraries

o Example: boost library for C++

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#define = ???

• It defines a macro in your code

• Think of it as whatever you put there replace the matching text in your code
i.e., search and replace

• Example
#define DEBUG 1
o This will replace any occurrence of DEBUG to 1

• More explanation here: https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/cpp/Macros.html#Macros

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Fancy #define

• Because it is a macro, it can take arguments ☺

• Example
#define min(A,B) ((A) < (B)? (A): (B))
Then you can just do min(3, 4) or min(input1, input2)

• Function-like macros:
https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/cpp/Function-like-Macros.html#Function-like-Macros

• Object-like macros:
https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/cpp/Object-like-Macros.html#Object-like-Macros

• Doing this can also be dangerous

See Macros pitfalls: https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/cpp/Macro-Pitfalls.html#Macro-Pitfalls

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>> Array

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Array ?

• Collection of data that has the same type

• Contiguous in the memory

src: https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/dsa/what-is-array/

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Array (2)

• You can use [] to specify an array of certain data types

• Example:
int i[10];
char a[20];

o Question: How can I tell that it is the end of string?

• What else?

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Array (3) – Accessing Elements

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Array (4) – Strings

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>> Structs & Creating New Data Type

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Struct ??

• You can also combine multiple elements into one single unit

• This is called a struct

Struct some_name{
int a;
float b;
};

• This create a structure called some_name, with an int and a float

o some_name.a → The int element
o some_name.b → The float element

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Struct (2) – Example

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Struct (3) – More about Struct

• It’s common practice to define structs in header files (.h).

o If they need to be shared across multiple source files (.c) !

• Creating a dedicated .h file for structs that will be used across the
entire project is a good practice in C programming.
o Especially for larger projects !!!

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Array + Struct ??

• You can also create an array of struct

• Used similar to a typical array

//declare an array of user

struct user user_list[1000];

//accessing age info of the target user at index 0

user_list[0].age

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Defining a New Data Type

• You can define a new name for data type, including struct using typedef <type> <name>

//declare (renaming)
typedef struct oldname newname;

//then use
newname arr_name[1000];

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Take-home Exercise

• NO SUMISSION REQUIRED

• https://www.w3schools.com/c/index.php
Skip the following sections:
• Memory Addresses
• Pointers
• Memory Management

• https://www.hackerrank.com/domains/c?filters%5Bskills%5D%5B%5D=C%20%2
8Basic%29&filters%5Bdifficulty%5D%5B%5D=easy

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