✈️Airline Basic Course – Tough Exam Practice (Extended)
🧠 Performance – Advanced MCQs
Meteorology – Advanced MCQs
🌀 Aerodynamics – Advanced MCQs
Flight Controls – Advanced MCQs
🧭 Navigation – Advanced MCQs
⚖️Weight & Balance – Advanced MCQs
❓ What is the effect of increasing V1 on TODR and ASDR in an unbalanced field?
✅ It increases TODR and decreases ASDR. Pilots must find the balance for safety and
performance.
❓ If VMCG > V1, what is the impact on takeoff performance?
✅ The takeoff is unsafe. V1 must always be greater than or equal to VMCG.
❓ Explain the significance of VMBE in relation to rejected takeoff.
✅ VMBE is the highest speed at which the aircraft can stop within brake energy limits
without overheating the brakes.
❓ In which conditions would TODR increase significantly?
✅ High weight, high temperature (OAT), high altitude (PA), and tailwind.
❓ What is the difference between QNH and QFF?
✅ QNH assumes ISA conditions to sea level; QFF uses actual temperature and an
isothermal assumption.
❓ What does ELR > DALR indicate about the atmosphere?
✅ It indicates absolute instability – lifted air keeps rising.
❓ Why is the Tropopause important for aviation?
✅ It acts as a barrier for weather and jet streams; most weather phenomena occur below
it.
❓ Which cloud type is associated with severe turbulence and icing?
✅ Cumulonimbus (CB) – vertical development, strong up/downdrafts, icing, lightning,
windshear.
❓ What is the effect of sweepback wings on critical Mach number?
✅ It increases critical Mach, allowing higher subsonic cruise speeds.
❓ Why does the aircraft experience Mach tuck?
✅ Shockwave moves rearward, shifting CP backward, causing nose-down pitch moment.
❓ What is the purpose of vortex generators?
✅ To energize boundary layer and delay flow separation, especially near control surfaces.
❓ Define L/Dmax and its operational significance.
✅ It is the point of best aerodynamic efficiency; used for max range glide and endurance.
❓ What condition must exist for outboard ailerons to be active?
✅ Flaps must be extended. They're only used during low-speed flight.
❓ How does THS differ from conventional elevator trim?
✅ THS moves the entire horizontal stabilizer, allowing greater trim authority across
speed/CG ranges.
❓ Why are roll spoilers used along with ailerons?
✅ To assist in roll control, especially at higher speeds or with limited aileron deflection.
❓ What’s the advantage of Fly-by-Wire systems?
✅ Weight saving, stability enhancement, failure protection, and maintenance reduction.
❓ How does RNAV improve route efficiency over traditional VOR navigation?
✅ Allows direct-to-waypoint routing, bypassing ground station paths, reducing distance
and fuel.
❓ Describe a major limitation of INS.
✅ Drift error increases over time due to integration inaccuracies.
❓ What defines a precision approach vs. non-precision?
✅ Precision provides both lateral and vertical guidance (e.g. ILS); non-precision only
lateral.
❓ What is the function of the FMC during cruise?
✅ Manages navigation, fuel prediction, speed control, and ETA optimization.
❓ What is the significance of the CG within MAC limits?
✅ Aircraft stability, control, and performance depend on CG staying within forward/aft
limits of MAC.
❓ What happens if ZFW exceeds the Max ZFW?
✅ Takeoff is not permitted; structural limitation breach, risk of overload and control
issues.
❓ Explain the role of LEMAC in CG calculation.
✅ LEMAC provides reference for computing CG as %MAC. CG = (Moment / Weight -
LEMAC) / MAC * 100.
❓ Define moment and how it is calculated.
✅ Moment = Weight × Arm; it's the rotational force about the datum.
