BLANK PAGEAY Histon Puaing Howse PSLE YEARLY SCIENCE ANSWERS (2022-2024) 2024 Booklet A a) Explanation’ Grasshoppers have a three-stage life cycle. Beetles, butterflies ond mosquitoes have four-stage life axes. 2 @ Explanation: Food is digested ot the mouth (A), stomach (8) and small intestine (C). Absorption of food only tokes place in the small intestine (C). 3. @ Explanation: {An insect has three pairs of legs. Not all insects have wings. 46) Explanation: Cell membrane is responsible for the movement of substances in and out of o cell 5. @) Explanation Water vopour in the air comes into contact with the cooler surface of the leaves, loses heot and condenses to form water droplets 10. Prepared by: Chan Yin Fun Se. (Hon), PED E Sarah Goo Ose, ip, ME, @ Explanation: Both mushrooms and bacteria are living things, thus, they both can reproduce and respond to changes. Only bacteria require the use of o microscope to be seen and hence they are clossified as microorganisms. Bocteria are not fungi a Explanation: Stotement A: Blood in P has more ‘carbon dioxide than blood in Q. Stotement 8: Digested food is used Up in respiration. Statement C: Oxygen is used up in respiration, ao Explanation’ ‘Nucleus contains genetic information that is possed down to the next generation. Chloroplast contains chlorophyll that absorbs light needed In photosynthesis for food to be made. w Explanation: Since plonts grown with fertiliser R were healthier, we will refer to the composition of substances K and Lin fertiliser R to onswer the question, AS given inthe tobe, a larger percentoge of L allows the plants to grow well @ Explanation: Pollination tokes place before fertilisation, Formation of fruits follows post fertilisation. © Eduction Publishing House Pt adPSLE Yearly Science ~ Answers 7 @ Explanation: Frogs and todpoles belong to the same population of frogs. 20) Explanation: Bosed on David's observation, there ‘are more insects in dork places, regardless of dry or damp conditions. 3.) Explanation: Each light bulb hod the some brightness. Set-up 3 had the greatest, number of bulbs, thus the plant received the most amount of light to corry out the most photosynthesis, ‘ond produced the highest volume of oxygen. Set-up 1 had the least number of bulbs, thus the plont received the least amount of light to carry out the leost photosynthesis, and produced ‘the lowest volume of oxygen. 14. @) r Statement A: The fruits were dropped. from the building, there is no evidence to conclude that fruit P is dispersed by onimal Statement B: Light fruits do not require wing-like structures to be corried by wind Statement C: There is no evidence to conclude that the structure of fruit, Q will allow for greater distance ‘travelled in the presence of wind. 15.) Explanation: Solar panels convert light energy into electrical energy, {© Educational Publishing Howse Me Ld 116, o Ex John was holding the cup of ice cream in his hand. Heat flowed from his hand to the cup of ice cream, thus ‘causing John's ice cream to goin more heat foster and melt faster. @ Error: Both wires were connected to the metol cosing of the bulb. Solution: Connect one wire to the ‘metol tip of the bulb ot T. Error: The positive terminal of one bottery is connected to the positive terminal of the other battery. Solution: Turn ene battery around so that the positive terminol ond negative terminal of the batteries are connected. @ P is attracting the N-pole of the mognet. Q is repelling the S-pole of the magnet. Thus, both P and Q are Scpoles. @ ‘The fruit can be seen through the jelly because the jelly allows light to pass through. The jelly con be seen because it reflects light . @) The material must be strong ond flexible so as not to break easily and ensure sofety, ‘The material must be waterproof so ‘thot rain connot enter the bus. ‘The material musi bea poor conductor ‘of heat to slow down heat gain from ‘the surroundings into the bus.PSLE Yearly Science ~ Answers a 22. 23. 24, 25. 26. a To make the shadow bigger, move: «the screen further from the puppet ‘+ the puppet closer to the light + the light source closer to the puppet @ Explanation: Bottle Q has air trapped between the two metal walls. Air is o poor conductor of heat and hence, slows, down heot loss from the hot coffee ‘to the surroundings. @) Explanation: Chemicol potential energy in the battery is converted into electrical ‘energy in the electrical circuit which is then converted into sound energy in the phone. 8) Explanation: From the graph, the lowest temperature of the water is more ‘than 0°C and thus, itis not a solid ot AB. o Explanation: When o force is applied to an object, the object moves in the some direction as the force, Since the tein was not moving in o straight fine, the opplied force must hove been in different directions. @ Explanation: The three bulbs in the branch where the switch is positioned were not lit when the switch is open (open circuit). These bulbs will only light up when the switch is closed (closed circuit) fond current flows through them. 7. Explanation: Compression of o spring is the reduction of the length of a spring when a compressive (pushing) force is applied. When no force is exerted, there is no compression of the spring. 28. (a) ‘Explanation: In option 4, the same number of batteries are used. Adding o light bulb in porolle! will not affect the brightness of light bulb already in the circuit, When light bulbs are connected in perallel, they have the some relative brightness. Booklet B 29. (0) Roots absorb water and mineral solts from the soil. Roots anchor the plant firmly to the ground. (©) @ Plant E has long roots that grow deep into the ground while plant H hos shorter roots, (ii) Having Iong roots enables the plant to reach deeper, more humid layers of soil to obtain woter. Places with little rain hos soil with druer top layers. Water js usually found only in the deeper layers of the soil, 30. {o) Pollination Explanation: Insects ond birds ore pollinators of flowering plonts. In the process of feeding on the nector, the pollen grains of the flower stick to the feathers of the bie When the bird goes to another flower, the pollen grins fll off tnd get deposited on the stigma of the nev flower (© factional Publishing House Pe LadPSLE Yearly Science — Answers (0) @ Germination Explanation: Before growing into a young plant, the seed undergoes germination when sufficient oxygen, water and a suitable temperature (warmth) ore present. (i) Seed dispersal reduces competition for water, sunlight ond spoce between ‘a parent plant and its young, plants. With sufficient water, sunlight and space, young plant K can thrive and grow well. Over-crowding is reduced with seed dispersal 31, (@) Fungi grow well in warm and humid places. The location of the nestis dark, moist and worm, This condition is fevourable to the growth of fungus L on the stored leaves. Explanation: Fungi grow in worm ond humid places. Fungi is notseen growing Jn areas that ore well exposed to sunlight. (b) When the eggs are hatched, the young of insect P would hove readily avoilable food. The young of insect P con be _ hidden from ony predator thot enters the nest. Explanation: | Survival of an organism is _ dependent on the availability of | food as well as the absence of its predators. (© Frama Publishing Howse Pe Lid 4 32. (a) (©) © 33. (0) When the population of pont F increased, the surface of ‘the pond was covered by more plont [Link] could penetrate ‘the surface of the pond and less light wos oveileble for plant G to photosynthesise, thus plant G eventually died andits population decreased. Explanation Light is required by plants to photosynthesise (moke food), The population of bird A would Increase. Mere plant F would be ‘ovoilable as food to bird A. With fewer olant G, there is less food for birdB. The some number of bird 8 would eat more of fish C, causing the number of fish C to decrease, With fewer plant G, less photosynthesis takes place, and less oxygen is produced byplont G. This leads to less dissolved oxygen in the pond water ovaileble for fish C, thus the number of fish C decreoses. Bird B needs the same amount of food to sustain its number. Plant G is 0 source of oxygen in the pond water. The tiny openings allow for the exchange of gases between a plant and its environment, Explanation: The tiny openings are also known 9s stots. The greater the percentage of pollutant S, the smaller the size Of the tiny cpenings on leaves. ‘This ensures that the change in the size of the tiny openings is only due to the presence of pollutant $ end not due to any other fectors such as heat from ‘the sun,34. (0) © ° 35. (0) ) @ Explanation: In a fair test, only one variable _ is changed, with all other factors keptremaining the some. ‘As the mass of X added increased, ‘the thickness of the eggshell decreased, ‘As the dead plants decompose further, more substance X is produced. The presence of more substance X makes the eggshells fof animal Y thinner. When Geveloped fully, the young of tonimal Y can breok out of the thin shells eosily. 32°C. At this temperoture, there will be an equal number fof male and female animal Y hatched, ond these can mote tand reproduce during their adult stage to ensure the continuity of thelr own kind. Both mole and female organisms ‘re required for the reproduction process, to ensure continuity of its kind, {As the lounching ongle increases up to 45 degrees, the distance moved by the ball increases However, when the lounching ‘angle is more than 45 degrees, ‘the distance moved by the ball decreases. Gravitational force Explanation: All objects with mass on earth is subjected to gravitational force. After the ball hits the water surface, it sinks. However, the position where the ball lands inside the water may not be directly below the point it hits the water surface. This affects ‘the accurate measurement of the distance moved by the ball. 36. 37, (a) (o) i) © @ o ) SLE Yearly Science - Answers The amount of compression ‘opplied on the spring must be the some. The elastic spring force applied ‘to lounch the ball needs to be the some forall lounching ongles. 50 mm 6mm The wires were pulled tightly when the model was buitt in the doy. At night, the surrounding temperature decreased, causing the wires to lose heat and contract, However, there wos no tllowance fer contraction, which in turn led te the snapping of the Explanation: Matter loses heat and contracts ‘When securing the wires to the wooden suport, let the wires hang loosely The wires would be able to contract in size without snapping when the surrounding ‘temperature is low. Freezing is 0 process where o liquid changes into a solid ct the freezing point, Substance P. To store 150 cm? of @ substance into a 100 cm? contoiner, the substonce must be © gas, as only o gas can be compressed. Since the boiling point of substonce P is 15°C, itis ‘a gas at 30°C. (© Educational Rblshing House Pe LudSLE Yearly Science ~ Answers (© No, she is not able to store substance Q in the tray at 30°C. Substance Q is a liquid at 30°C. ‘There ore gaps in the tray, which will allow liquid Q to flow out of the tray, insteod of being stored. Explanation: Liquids can only be stored in contoiners without holes. 38. (0) Electric current flowed through ‘the closed circuit when the switch ‘was closed. The fixed iron cylinder become on electromagnet and repelled the magnet upwards with the plostic captain. Metal contact B lost contact with the ‘mognet ond this created an open circuit. Electric current would stop flowing through the wires, causing the fixed iron cylinder to lose its magnetic properties ‘ond hence, stop repelling the mognet. The magnet dropped back to inal_position with the plostic captain. Metal contact 8 touched the magnet fonce again and a closed circuit would be formed with electric current flowing through the Gircuit once more. The whole process would be repeated. (b) The captain moved up to o lower height than before. After ploying for a few hours, « lot of ‘the chemical potential energy in ‘the batteries would be converted into electrical energy. Therefore, less chemical potential energy ‘wos available to be converted into less electrical energy which led to 0 weaker electromagnet formed in the iron cylinder, causing o weaker repulsion between the two magnets. The ‘magnet with the plastic captain repelled away slower ond lower ‘thon before. (© Educational Publishing Howe Me Lid 39. @ (0) @ o) ‘Explanation’ Batteries store a fixed amount of chemical potential energy which gets converted into electrical energy when required. 112.6 cm The zero end of the measuring tope should be placed on the same level the boys standing on. The diagram shows the wrong position of the measuring tape. Block A floots, but block B sinks Ido not gree. There is not enough evidence to conclude that the two blocks ore made Of the some moterial. There are ‘many materials that con float on water. Materials such os wood and polystyrene float on water,PSLE Yearly Science - Answers 2023 Booklet A 1. @) Deforestation leads to fewer trees _ vailable to toke in carbon dioxide for photosynthesis. Also, during deforestation, the trees are cut ond burnt, releasing more carbon dioxide into the oir. 2@ Explanation: Chicken, frog, grosshopper and cockroach have @ three-stage life | cycle. Beetle and butterfly hove o four-stage life cucle. 3 @ Both structures assist in the dispersal | of seeds. | Explanation: The amount of undigested food in the mouth (A) and the gullet (B)is the highest and the same as no digestion takes place in the guilet. In the stomach, some digestion takes place fond less undigested food is found here. In the smoll intestine, digestion is completed. Thus the amount of undigested food is the lowest ond the same in the small intestine (D) ‘and the large intestine (). 5. @ Explanation: Webbed feet shows that animal x con swim. Having « beak and feathers show that animal X isa bird and birds lay eggs to reproduce. 6 10, @ Though the omount of bocteria Q is highest at 38°C, this is also the ‘temperature where the amount of bocteria P is very low. The amount ‘of bacteria P is highest ot 30°C. The ‘amount of bacteria Q is very high ot 30°C. @) Explanation: The food-corrying tubes are found in all ports of the plant. Food mode in the leaves are transported to all ports of the plont through the food- carrying tubes, @ Explanation: Pollen grains land on stigma (P) during pollinction. Fertilisation occurs in the ovary (Rl. After fertilisation, ‘the ovary develops into a fruit ond the ovules develops into seeds (in the ovary). @ Explanation: The changed variable is presence of substonce 5. So, container Q should not contoin substance 5. @) ‘As seen in the groph, the rate of photosynthesis increases when the ‘amount of light increases from 0 to 1500 units. Above 1500 units, the rate of photosynthesis remains constant even when the amount of light © Eshcatanal Publishing House Fe Lad