Lifespan Development MCQ PDF

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18 Chapters
2073 Verified Questions
 Lifespan Development
MCQ PDF
Cou
Lifespan Development explores the physical, cognitive, emotional, and social changes

that occur from conception to old age. The course examines theoretical perspectives

and research findings, highlighting the dynamic interactions between genetics,

environment, and individual experiences across various stages of life. Students gain

insight into typical and atypical development, the impact of culture and context, and

contemporary issues such as aging, family structures, and developmental disorders,

fostering a comprehensive understanding of human growth and adaptation throughout

the entire lifespan.

Recommended Textbook
Lifespan Development Lives in Context 1st Edition by Tara L. Kuther

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18 Chapters
2073 Verified Questions
2073 Flashcards
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Page 2
 Chapter 1: Understanding Human Development:

Approaches and Theories

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Sample Questions
Q1) Each time Isabella sits down to feed her baby a bottle, she gently strokes the baby's
head. One day, Isabella began stroking her daughter's head and noticed that the baby
started sucking, even though it wasn't feeding time. The baby's association between
having her head stroked and the presentation of food is an example of _______.
A) operant conditioning
B) classical conditioning
C) reinforcement
D) social learning
Answer: B

Q2) Investigators use the _______ research design when studying the same group of
participants at many points in time.
A) cross-sectional
B) longitudinal
C) sequential
D) experimental
Answer: B

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Page 3
 Chapter 2: Biological and Environmental Foundations
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Sample Questions
Q1) Gia has brown hair, brown eyes, and dark skin. These traits are part of Gia's ______.
A) genotype
B) phenotype
C) reaction range
D) epigenetic framework
Answer: B

Q2) Mitosis ultimately enables humans to:

A) reproduce and pass on their genetic material.
B) develop from a single fertilized egg into a child, adolescent, and eventually, an adult.
C) develop into either a male or a female.
D) establish a unique genetic blueprint for development.
Answer: B

Q3) Males' sex chromosome pair includes two X chromosomes.

A)True
B)False
Answer: False

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Page 4
 Chapter 3: The Prenatal Period, Birth, and the Newborn
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Sample Questions
Q1) During the fifth week of development, the _____ grow(s) faster than other parts of
the body.
A) head
B) torso
C) feet
D) skin
Answer: A

Q2) In female embryos, no testosterone is released, and the indifferent gonad produces
ovaries.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True

Q3) Bianca recently found out that she's pregnant. Prior to confirming the pregnancy,
Bianca was a heavy smoker. However, she plans to cut back to no more than five
cigarettes a day. Bianca:
A) will have a healthy, full-term infant.
B) is at risk for having a low birth weight baby.
C) is likely consuming other harmful teratogens.
D) will likely have a baby with subtle physical defects.
Answer: B

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Page 5
 Chapter 4: Physical Development in Infancy and

Toddlerhood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Max is a baby who hears his father's voice and turns his head in the direction of the
sound. He also tries to track where his father is in the room with his eyes. What is this an
example of?
A) Dishabituation
B) Temporal tracking
C) Reactivity
D) Intermodal perception

Q2) The ability to control the large movements of the body is called:
A) small motor development.
B) fine motor development.
C) gross motor development.
D) physical motor development.

Q3) When the brain depends on experiencing certain basic events and stimuli at key
points in time in order to develop normally, it is called:
A) neural-dependent myelination.
B) synaptogenesis.
C) experience-dependent brain development.
D) experience-expectant brain development.

Q4) Why is myelination an important neuronal process in brain development?

Page 6

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 Chapter 5: Cognitive Development in Infancy and

Toddlerhood
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Sample Questions
Q1) How do pediatricians accurately determine infants' development relative to other
infants their age?
A) Through standardized tests.
B) Through parental report.
C) By observing the infants.
D) Through reports from child care providers, parents, and observations.

Q2) Which of the following is not a characteristic of infant-directed speech?

A) The use of shorter words and sentences.
B) The use of nonsense sounds mimicking the baby's sounds.
C) Higher and more varied pitch.
D) The use of repetitions, speaking at a slower rate, and longer pauses.

Q3) What are infants' earliest categories based on?

Q4) When infants are assessed on the Bayley Scales of Infant Development III, it is
common for their performance to vary considerably from one test session to another.
A)True
B)False

Q5) What is Wernicke's area responsible for?

Q6) Why do researchers believe that infants

Pageare
7 primed to learn language from birth?

Q7) The ability to direct one's awareness is called:

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 Chapter 6: Socioemotional Development in Infancy and

Toddlerhood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Adjustment difficulties are more likely when children do not develop a sense of
individuality and confidence in their own abilities to meet new challenges.
A)True
B)False

Q2) Which attachment type is associated with higher rates of antisocial behavior,
depression, and anxiety in later childhood and adolescence because of parents who
cause unpredictable and potentially fearful home environments?
A) Secure attachment
B) Insecure-avoidant attachment
C) Insecure-resistant attachment
D) Disorganized-disoriented attachment

Q3) According to Erikson, which of the following is not an outcome seen in a toddler who
is encouraged to be autonomous?
A) Self-reliance
B) Confidence
C) Passivity
D) Self-control

Q4) What experiment is used to assess self-recognition in infants?

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 Chapter 7: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early

Childhood
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the cognitive-developmental perspective, which of the following
experiences help young children develop conceptions about justice and fairness?
A) Observing adult models
B) Disputes with siblings over toys
C) Watching cartoons
D) Being punished for misbehavior

Q2) Upon hearing a loud burst of thunder, 5-year-old DeShaun exclaims, "The sky is mad
and is yelling!" DeShaun's statement is an example of _______.
A) egocentrism
B) animism
C) centration
D) metacognition

Q3) When speaking, young children tend to leave out words like:
A) a and the.
B) I and you.
C) mommy and daddy.
D) red and black.

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Page 9
Chapter 8: Socioemotional Development in Early Childhood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Rick is a boy who collects toy cars. His mother donated some of his cars to his
preschool. When Rick is introduced to a new child at his preschool, he immediately tells
the child which cars are "his" at school (the ones donated from his mom) and talks
about his collection of cars at home. What does this describe?
A) Selfishness
B) An inability to share
C) Self-concept
D) Pride

Q2) Spanking is against the law in some countries.

A)True
B)False

Q3) Lauren (a girl) told her grandma that she is a boy because she likes to wear "boy
shirts" and wants to be a football player. Lauren does not yet understand:
A) gender stability.
B) gender constancy.
C) gender schema.
D) gender difference.

Q4) The most advanced form of play is:

Q5) What is the difference between authoritarian and authoritative parenting?

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 Chapter 9: Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle

Childhood
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Sample Questions
Q1) The information processing perspective describes development as entailing
changes in:
A) the qualitative changes in reasoning.
B) the ability to imitate a more skilled person.
C) the connection between cognition and emotion.
D) the efficiency of cognition.

Q2) Which of the following programs has not been found to be an effective strategy to
reduce childhood obesity?
A) Programs that target reducing children's screen time.
B) Programs that teach children about nutrition.
C) Programs that increase self-esteem.
D) Programs that increase children's physical activity.

Q3) Dyslexia has been found to be associated with:

A) poor instruction in the early years of schooling with respect to reading.
B) children who were not exposed to books or read to as infants.
C) abnormalities in the brain.
D) an increase in mathematical ability.

Q4) Morality of cooperation is also known as:

Page 11
Q5) Inadequate growth in childhood is called:

Q6) What are the advances in the understanding of grammar in middle childhood?

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 Chapter 10: Socioemotional Development in Middle

Childhood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is not an individual competency associated with resilience?
A) Religiosity
B) Coping skills
C) Easy temperament
D) Close relationships with parents

Q2) What are the common indicators and outcomes associated with child sexual
abuse?

Q3) The United States has the highest divorce rate of all industrialized nations.
A)True
B)False

Q4) In 2013, how many U.S. children under the age of 18 lived with a single parent?
A) 10%
B) 35%
C) 50%
D) 70%

Q5) Which of the following is not a common characteristic of popular children?

A) Helpfulness
B) Cliquish exclusion
C) Assertiveness Page 12

D) Trustworthiness

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 Chapter 11: Physical and Cognitive Development in

Adolescence
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Sample Questions
Q1) Daniel's mother just bought him new shoes for his 13th birthday. Three weeks later
they are too small. She bought him another pair and two months later those shoes were
too small. What is happening?
A) Daniel is atypical for growth.
B) Daniel is nearing the end of his growth spurt.
C) Daniel didn't get the right size of shoes to begin with because boys don't grow that
fast.
D) Daniel has begun going through the adolescent growth spurt.

Q2) Early research on moral reasoning showed that males typically reasoned at a higher
stage than females did.
A)True
B)False

Q3) The female-focused mode of moral reasoning in which individuals have a desire to
maintain relationships and a responsibility not to cause hurt is called a(n) _____
orientation.

Q4) Which part of the brain is implicated in aggression?

Q5) Processing speed reaches adult levels at about age 18.

A)True
B)False Page 13

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 Chapter 12: Socioemotional Development in Adolescence
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to research on suicide rates, which adolescent is at lowest risk for a
suicide attempt?
A) Nina, who is a lesbian
B) Max, who is White
C) Den, who is Native American
D) Claude, who is Canadian Aboriginal

Q2) Global self-esteem tends to increase at about 11 years of age.

A)True
B)False

Q3) If Erin is a typical adolescent, she will have ___ to ___ close friends.
A) 1; 2
B) 4; 6
C) 7; 9
D) 11; 13

Q4) Rates of suicide are similar across industrialized nations.

A)True
B)False

Q5) Your textbook notes that the risks for adolescent pregnancy are much the same for
early sexual activity. Explain what this means, citing research findings to support your
answer.
Page 14
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 Chapter 13: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early

Adulthood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Beverly was diagnosed with ovarian cancer when she was 35. At age 38, Beverly and
her partner want to start a family. What should Beverly know about her chances of
getting pregnant?
A) Beverly should not have any difficulty conceiving because many women are waiting
until later in their 30s to have a child.
B) Beverly should be aware that ovarian cancer increases the likelihood of having
multiple births.
C) Beverly may get pregnant fairly easily, but will have difficulty carrying a baby to full
term.
D) Ovarian cancer is one of the causes of infertility, so if she is having difficulty
conceiving that may be the reason.

Q2) What percentage of college students are considered to be nontraditional?

A) 54%
B) 10%
C) 27%
D) 6%

Q3) What is the relationship between cognitive-affective complexity and social

development?

Q4) The most mature type of reasoning is called:

Page 15

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 Chapter 14: Socioemotional Development in Early

Adulthood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Who is most likely to plan to have an egalitarian marriage?
A) David, a 23-year-old factory worker with a child.
B) Andrea, an 18-year-old high school dropout.
C) Alex, a male college student with a major in computer science.
D) Ginny, the only female partner in her law firm.

Q2) Who is most likely to suffer from role overload?

A) Mark, a male who works in a factory and has two children.
B) Denise, a woman who works in an on-call capacity and is married with three children.
C) Roger, a man who has custody of his son and works from home.
D) Anne, a woman who is married without children and is a flight attendant with a set
weekly schedule.

Q3) When do women tend to change their career plans when working in
male-dominated fields?
A) Between ages 18 and 25.
B) Between ages 25 and 30.
C) Between ages 30 and 35.
D) Between ages 35 and 40.

Q4) A couple's communication and problem-solving style is the best predictor of:

Page 16
Q5) What factors predict marital success?

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 Chapter 15: Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle

Adulthood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Cross-sectional research designs are more likely to find that there is no decrease in
intelligence over the lifespan.
A)True
B)False

Q2) What cognitive capacity permits middle-aged and older adults to compensate for
declines in processing speed?

Q3) Hypertension is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease that is related to all of the
following except:
A) anxiety.
B) sleep.
C) poor diet.
D) psychological stress.

Q4) The most common nonsurgical cosmetic procedure in 2014 was:

A) skin grafts.
B) laser hair removal.
C) liposuction.
D) Botox injections.

Q5) What do adult returning students to college need in order to be successful?

Page 17
Q6) Why does fluid intelligence decline over the adult years?

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 Chapter 16: Socioemotional Development in Middle

Adulthood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Job satisfaction is positively linked to both extrinsic and intrinsic rewards for men, but
for women, job satisfaction tends to be positively linked only to extrinsic rewards.
A)True
B)False

Q2) Describe what a midlife crisis may look like in adults.

Q3) In the United States, what permits people to retire from work as early as age 62?

Q4) What trend is not consistent with the findings on marriage in middle adulthood?
A) Marital satisfaction is at its lowest point when couples have children.
B) Marital happiness tends to be highest during the first year of marriage.
C) Wives tend to be more satisfied with marriage throughout life than are husbands.
D) High-quality marital interactions predict marital satisfaction in women.

Q5) Which of the following is not a health benefit of marriage?

A) Married people tend to live longer than single people.
B) Married people are happier and healthier than single people.
C) Married people are more successful in business than single people.
D) Married people show lower rates of depression and anxiety than single people.

Q6) What are some ways that individuals spend their time when in retirement?
Page 18
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 Chapter 17: Physical and Cognitive Development in Late

Adulthood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Maria is bilingual. She speaks in Spanish and English on a daily basis. She will receive
all of the following cognitive benefits because of her bilingual ability except for:
A) enhanced cognitive control abilities.
B) mental flexibility.
C) being better able to handle tasks involving switching, inhibition, and conflict
monitoring.
D) memory improvement.

Q2) How can older adults improve the difficulty they have with multitasking?
A) Older adults cannot have any interruptions while performing tasks or difficulty is
inevitable.
B) Older adults can handle two tasks at one time, but when the tasks increase to three or
more, they will have difficulty.
C) Older adults need to use other strategies to help with memory when multitasking,
such as making lists.
D) Older adults need to slow down to a pace with which they feel comfortable, and then
they can show performance on working memory tasks similar to that of young adults.

Q3) What is the impact of the decline in immune function in older adults?

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Page 19
 Chapter 18: Socioemotional Development in Late

Adulthood and the End of Life

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Sample Questions
Q1) A comprehensive reflection of past experiences and contemplation of the meaning
of those experiences and their role in shaping one's life is called a:
A) life review.
B) reminiscence.
C) cognitive appraisal.
D) congruence.

Q2) Older adults who have suffered health issues and had no social contact with friends
around the time of the illness are more likely to die within two years of the illness than
those who had daily contact with friends around the time of the illness.
A)True
B)False

Q3) An approach to end-of-life care that emphasizes dying patients' needs for pain
management, psychological, spiritual, and social support as well as death with dignity is
called:

Q4) What is the vocal or silent recall of events in a person's life?

Q5) What is the theory that posits declines in social interaction are not a result of elders'
desires, but are instead a function of social barriers to engagement?

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