Introduction to Python

Programming
Elliot Attipoe

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What is a programming language?
1. A programming language is a set of rules
that provides a way of telling a computer
what operations to perform.
2. A programming language is a vocabulary
and set of grammatical rules for instructing
a computer or computing device to perform
specific tasks.
3. A programming language is a set of
commands, instructions, and other syntax use
to create a software program. 2
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Top Ranking Programming Languages

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About Python Programming Lang
• Python is a widely used general-
purpose, high level programming
language.

• It was initially designed by Guido van

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Basic Mathematics Operations in
Python
Operator Name
+ Addition
- Subtraction
* Multiplication
/ Division
% Modulus
** Exponentiation
// Floor/Integer Division
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Evaluate the following expressions
1. 3*1**3

2. 2 + 3 * 5 / 2

3. 2 + 3 * 5 // 2

4. 10 – 4 * 2

5. (10-4) * 2

6. 6 + 3 – 5 * 4 / 2 % 2

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Augmented Assignment Operators
Operator Name
+= Addition assignment
-= Subtraction assignment
*= Multiplication assignment
/= Float division assignment
//= Integer division assignment
%= Remainder assignment
**= Exponent assignment
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Assume i = 1, what are the results
of the following expressions?
1. i+=4
2. i-=4
3. i*=4
4. i/=4
5. i//=4
6. i%=4

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Comparison Operators
Operator Operator Name
== Equal to
!= Not Equal to
> Greater Than
< Lesser Than
>= Greater Than or Equal to
<= Lesser Than or Equal to
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What is the output of the following
expressions
1.10 == 12

2.10 != 12

3.10 < 12

4.10 > 12

5.10 <= 12
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Logical Operators
Operator Operator Name
and Logical AND
or Logical OR
not Logical NOT

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Evaluate the following expressions
1. True and False
2. True or False
3. not(True) and False
4. not(True and False)
5. (10 < 0) and (10 > 2)
6. (10 < 0) or (10 > 2)
7. not(10 < 0) or (10 > 2)
8. not(10 < 0 or 10 > 2)

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Digital Logic Circuit
• Digital circuits make up all computers and computer
systems.
• The operation of digital circuits is based on Boolean
algebra Boolean Logic (AND, OR, and NOT)
• These basic functions can be combined in many ways
to provide all the functions required in the central
processor of a digital computer a digital computer.
• Digital circuits operate by performing Boolean
operations on binary numbers

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Precedence and Associativity
• Operator precedence determines the way in
which operators are parsed with respect to
each other.
• Associativity determines the way in which
operators of the same precedence are
parsed.
• Almost all the operators have left-to-right
associativity.

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Operator Precedence in Python
Operator Meaning
() Parentheses
** Exponent
*, /, //, % Multiplication, Division, Floor division,
Modulus
=, - Addition, Subtraction
==, !=, >, >=, <, <= Comparison
not Logical NOT
and Logical AND
or Logical OR
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Evaluate the following expression

a) 13 > 12 or 6 < 5

b) 6 + 3 > 7 and 11 < 2 * 5

c) 7 + 3 * 2 > 6 * 3 and True

d) 5 * 4 > 6 ** 2 and True or False

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Variables
• A variable is a storage location (identified by
a memory location) which contains some
known or unknown quantity of information
referred to as value.

• Programmers get to choose the names of the

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Python Variable Name Rules
• Can start with a letter or underscore _
• Can consist of letters and numbers and underscore
• Is Case Sensitive

• Good examples
• name, age tom25, _max
• Bad examples
• 45name, #name, age.22
• Different: name, Name, NAME (case sensitive)
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Reserved words in Python

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Programming Errors

• Programming errors can be categorized into

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Syntax Errors
• Syntax errors result from errors in code
construction, such as mistyping a statement,
incorrect indentation, omitting some necessary
punctuation, or using an opening parenthesis
without a corresponding closing parenthesis.

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Runtime Errors
• Runtime errors are errors that cause a
program to terminate abnormally.
• They occur while a program is running if the
Python interpreter detects an operation that is
impossible to carry out.
• Input mistakes typically cause runtime errors.

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Logic Errors
• Logic errors occur when a program does not
perform the way it was intended to.

• Errors of this kind occur for many different

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Question
• Write a program to compute the volume
of a sphere.

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Assignment
• Write a program to compute the roots of a
quadratic equation.

Submit source code via the e-learning platform

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IF…Else statement

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If…Else Example

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While Loop

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While Loop Example

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For…Loop
1.for i in range (5):
2. print ("Hello")

• for i in range (5):

• Submit source code via the e-learning