DISASTER RELIEF
GROUP 6
DISASTER RELIEF
▪ It refers to providing assistance or intervention during or
immediately after a disaster
▪ To meet the life preservation and basic subsistence needs of
affected individuals.
▪ Provides timely essential needs such as basic household
items, shelter, food, water, and sanitation, or health items.
Principles guiding Relief (IMP)
▪ Response to disasters must have a humanitarian imperative.
▪ Aid is provided based on needs alone and must be done without
discrimination of any Kind (race, creed, or nationality of the
recipients).
▪ Aid agencies do not act as instruments of government foreign policy.
▪ That culture and custom are respected in response and relief
activities.
▪ Disaster response is built on local capacities.
▪ Ways are being developed to involve program beneficiaries in the
management of relief Aid.
▪ Relief aid would reduce future vulnerabilities to disasters as well as
meet basic needs.
▪ Accountable to both those we seek to assist and those from whom
we accept resources.
PROJECT CYCLE MANAGEMENT LINKED TO RELIEF
1. Assessment
After a disaster, the first step is to assess its origin, magnitude,
and impact on the affected population. This assessment identifies
humanitarian needs and plans potential interventions. It aims to
determine the necessity of an intervention by recognizing the
problem, its sources, and consequences. Usually,
Four types of assessments are conducted during disasters
▪ a) Immediate assessments
▪ Conducted within 72 hours after the disaster.
▪ In-country actors generally conduct it and involve the collection
of basic disaster information.
▪ b) Rapid assessments
▪ Conducted immediately after the disaster and takes up to a
week.
▪ These involve gathering information on the needs and existing
capacities of the affected population
▪ c) Detailed assessments
▪ Conducted after rapid assessments to obtain further information on
the affected population’s needs and capacities for program planning.
▪ They can take up to a month to conduct, more or less, depending on
the area, the complexity of the issues, and the resources available.
d) Continual assessments
▪ Conducted once the detailed assessment has been completed and
relief programs are running.
▪ They update information on the situation and involve beneficiaries
for recovery programming.
▪ 2. Planning/Design
▪ The planning and design process is critical to a relief operation as it helps
to set out clearly what the operation will do.
▪ This phase is aimed at defining the desired future situation of the affected
population and determining the objectives, strategies, and activities
needed. The planning and design process is essential for a relief
operation, as it outlines objectives, monitoring methods, and the duration
of activities. It details the steps to plan interventions aimed at achieving a
better future for the affected population.
▪ 3 Implementation
▪ The implementation phase is when the activities are carried out to achieve
the desired results. The implementation of relief activities is conducted
once the assessment and planning
INTERNATIONAL RELIEF RESPONSES ORGANIZATIONS
Action Against Hunger (AAH),
• Caritas Internationalis,
• Catholic Relief Services (CRS - USCC),
• Emergency Nutrition Network (ENN),
• Doctors Without Borders,
• Food For The Hungry International (FHI),
• Food For The Hungry,
• International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), International
• for Migration (IOM), International Rescue Committee (IRC), Lutheran World
DISASTER RESPONSE
• Disaster responses are the set of activities taken during a disaster or immediately
following a disaster, directed towards saving lives and protecting property.
• The activities that deal with the effect of disaster may include medical care,
evacuation, Search and rescue, provision of emergency water, food, and shelter,
debris removal, and stabilisation of unsafe buildings and landforms.
• It is the second phase of the disaster management cycle.
Objectives of Disaster Response: (IMP)
• Aimed at providing immediate assistance to maintain life, improve health, and
support the affected population.
• Focused on meeting the basic needs of the people until more permanent and
sustainable solutions can be found.
Factors affecting Disaster Response
• The type of disaster
• The ability to take pre-impact actions
• The severity and magnitude of the disaster
• The capability of sustained operations
• Identification of likely response requirements
Requirements for Effective Response
Information and resources are two essential requirements for an effective response.
a) Information
An early warning system provides vital information for effective response operations
despite the unpredictability of some disaster events.
An effective warning system must be robust to transmit warnings as early as practicable.
Information gained from these systems could help in the planning and decision-making
as well as inform the general public.
b) Resources
Resources form an essential component of disaster response.
The need for disaster management organizations to be resource-ready cannot be
overemphasized, considering the untimely occurrence of disasters, which most often occurs on
short notice.
The ability to mobilise the needed resources on short notice is most often hampered by
many factors. Its effect on systems gives little room for procrastination of actions.
DISASTER RESPONSE PLANNING
.• The response plan, as a component of the disaster management plan, includes ways
of managing human and financial resources, responding to supply availability, and
Communication procedures.
• This involves identifying, strengthening, and organizing resources and capacities for
A timely and effective response to a potential disaster.
• The response plan is developed based on assumptions of risks and hazards, and does
not address specific disaster scenarios, as is the case for contingency plans.
• Plans thus must be monitored, evaluated, and adapted to the specific situation in
times of disaster.
TYPES OF RESPONSES (IMP)
1 Search and rescue
The search and rescue operations are often directed at locating endangered persons at
an emergency incident, removing those persons from danger, treating the injured, and
providing for transport to an appropriate health care facility.
2 First aid and emergency medical care
• First aid is the provision of initial care for an illness or injury.
• It is usually performed by non-expert, but trained personnel, to a sick or injured
person until definitive medical treatment can be accessed.
• Emergency medical care is immediate paramedic attention to severe wounds and the
rapid transportation of the ill or injured to a health facility
3 Evacuation
• Evacuation is an organised movement of people from an area at risk to a safer place.
• Types of Evacuation:
Precautionary evacuation before a disaster
Protective evacuation after a disaster
Evacuations for reconstruction purposes
4 Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs).
• SOPs are a set of standard procedures that could guide the team in effective operation.
• SOPs specify the way in which individuals or units will carry out their functions
under the plan
• It consists of 4 stages:
1) During normal times -Formulate and distribute disaster preparedness plans
2) Alert/warning -Dissemination of news obtained through early warning systems to the community
3) During a disaster-Safeguard the road and water transport routes
4) Rehabilitation-Conduct field inspections in affected areas as soon as possible and provide the
necessary assistance and support
5 Relief Aid
▪ provision of assistance during an emergency that is meant to attend to a person’s immediate
requirements for survival or recovery
▪ It may include food, clothing, housing, medical care, necessary social services, and security.
6 Coordination and Communication
▪ Good coordination and communication is crucial for combining resources effectively
and efficiently, to reach the disaster-affected more rapidly
Meetings - Plan to hold regular meetings with Movement partners to determine
activities and roles;
Information management - Information sharing on disaster impact, assessment, and
needs through input into DMIS (Disaster Management Information System).
7 Psychosocial support:
▪ During a disaster, many may lose not only properties, but also dear ones which cause
negative psychological outcomes.
8 Public health services:
The public health services required in responding to disasters include
THANKS
