SAMPLE QUESTIONS about INTRODUCTION to the NERVOUS SYSTEM
Run this as a Powerpoint presentation. First slide is always the question think about it Following slide highlights the correct answer Christine Kppl ckoeppl@[Link]
The two divisions of the efferent side of the peripheral nervous system are
A) somatic motor neurons and voluntary neurons.
B) somatic motor neurons and autonomic neurons.
C) the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions. D) voluntary nervous system and somatic motor neurons
The two divisions of the efferent side of the peripheral nervous system are
A) somatic motor neurons and voluntary neurons.
B) somatic motor neurons and autonomic neurons.
C) the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions. D) voluntary nervous system and somatic motor neurons
Using the following code, indicate which neurons are being described (more than one category may apply)
a) afferent neurone b) efferent neurone c) interneurone
has a receptor at a peripheral ending lies entirely within the CNS lies within the peripheral nervous system innervates muscles and glands the most predominant neurone type in the central nervous system
Using the following code, indicate which neurons are being described (more than one category may apply)
a) afferent neurone b) efferent neurone c) interneurone
(a) has a receptor at a peripheral ending (c) lies entirely within the CNS (a) lies within the peripheral nervous system (b) innervates muscles and glands (c) the predominant neurone type in the central nervous system
Which of the following provide(s) direct input to alpha motor neurones?
a. Primary motor cortex b. Brain stem c. Cerebellum d. Basal nuclei e. Spinal reflex pathways
Which of the following provide(s) direct input to alpha motor neurones?
a. Primary motor cortex b. Brain stem c. Cerebellum d. Basal nuclei e. Spinal reflex pathways
Spinal reflexes may be modulated by input from higher centers.
A) True B) False
Spinal reflexes may be modulated by input from higher centers.
A) True B) False
The structure that connects the two cerebral hemispheres is the
A) basal nuclei. B) suprachiasmatic nucleus. C) corpus callosum. D) hippocampus.
E) gray "H."
The structure that connects the two cerebral hemispheres is the
A) basal nuclei. B) suprachiasmatic nucleus. C) corpus callosum. D) hippocampus.
E) gray "H."
Damage to the left cerebral hemisphere may bring about paralysis and loss of sensation in the left side of the body. True or False?
Damage to the left cerebral hemisphere may bring about paralysis and loss of sensation in the left side of the body. True or False?
False Each cerebral hemisphere controls skeletal muscles mainly on the contralateral side (descending tracts decussate)
Fill in the missing terms here: Afferent fibres enter through the _________ root of the spinal cord and their cell bodies are contained in the __________.
Fill in the missing terms here: Afferent fibres enter through the dorsal root of the spinal cord and their cell bodies are contained in the dorsal root ganglia.
A deficiency of the neurotransmitter dopamine in the basal nuclei causes
a. schizophrenia.
b. epilepsy. c. Parkinson's disease. d. depression. e. aphasia.
A deficiency of the neurotransmitter dopamine in the basal nuclei causes
a. schizophrenia.
b. epilepsy. c. Parkinson's disease. d. depression. e. aphasia.
Consciousness is created in the
a. Cerebellum b. Cerebral cortex c. Wernickes area of the cortex d. Hypothalamus e. Medulla oblongata
Consciousness is created in the
a. Cerebellum b. Cerebral cortex c. Wernickes area of the cortex d. Hypothalamus e. Medulla oblongata
What is the difference between white matter and gray matter in the central nervous system? o White matter contains white (myelinated) neurones, gray matter contains mostly gray (unmyelinated) neurones. o White matter is where the synaptic connections are made. o White matter contains only the axons of neurones, gray matter is a concentration of cell bodies of neurones
What is the difference between white matter and gray matter in the central nervous system? o FALSE: White matter contains white (myelinated) neurones, gray matter contains mostly gray (unmyelinated) neurones. o FALSE: White matter is where the synaptic connections are made. o TRUE: White matter contains only the axons of neurones, gray matter is a concentration of cell bodies of neurones
Match the following with its description.
A. B. C. D. E. acetylcholine norepinephrine cholinergic nicotinic receptor adrenergic receptor cholinergic muscarinic receptor
6) parasympathetic tissue receptor
7) target receptor for preganglionic neurons 8) released by all autonomic preganglionic neurons 9) primary sympathetic neurotransmitter 10) sympathetic tissue receptor
Match the following with its description.
A. B. C. D. E. acetylcholine norepinephrine cholinergic nicotinic receptor adrenergic receptor cholinergic muscarinic receptor
6) parasympathetic tissue receptor Answer: E 7) target receptor for preganglionic neurons Answer: C 8) released by all autonomic preganglionic neurons Answer: A 9) primary sympathetic neurotransmitter Answer: B 10) sympathetic tissue receptor Answer: D
The paradoxical sleep phase is characterised by
a. rapid movements of the eyes
b. an EEG pattern of small, fast oscillations.
c. irregular heart beat and respiration d. dreaming. e. All of the above
The paradoxical sleep phase is characterised by
a. rapid movements of the eyes
b. an EEG pattern of small, fast oscillations.
c. irregular heart beat and respiration d. dreaming. e. All of the above
Different areas in the cerebral cortex specialise in different processing tasks. What is the basis for that (more than one characteristic may apply) o they make different connections with other areas of the brain o the layers of gray matter differ in relative size and in the types of neurones they contain o In some areas, gray matter lies deep in the cerebrum and white matter runs on the surface; in other areas it is the reverse
Different areas in the cerebral cortex specialise in different processing tasks. What is the basis for that (more than one characteristic may apply) o TRUE: they make different connections with other areas of the brain o TRUE: the layers of gray matter differ in relative size and in the types of neurones they contain o FALSE: In some areas, gray matter lies deep in the cerebrum and white matter runs on the surface; in other areas it is the reverse
A polysynaptic reflex
a. has more than one synapse between afferent and efferent pathways b. involves several muscles c. gets input from more than one muscle spindle d. involves higher-order neurones outside the spinal cord
A polysynaptic reflex
a. has more than one synapse between afferent and efferent pathways b. involves several muscles c. gets input from more than one muscle spindle d. involves higher-order neurones outside the spinal cord
In the spinal cord (more than one option may be correct):
o gray matter lies in the centre, surrounded by white matter. o efferent neurones lie in the dorsal horn and send their axons out via the ventral root of spinal nerves. o afferent nerve fibres enter via the dorsal root of spinal nerves and make synaptic connections with interneurones in the dorsal horn. o preganglionic neurones of the autonomic nervous system lie in the lateral horn and send their axons out via the ventral root of spinal nerves.
In the spinal cord (more than one option may be correct):
o TRUE: gray matter lies in the centre, surrounded by white matter. o FALSE: efferent neurones lie in the dorsal horn and send their axons out via the ventral root of spinal nerves. o TRUE: afferent nerve fibres enter via the dorsal root of spinal nerves and make synaptic connections with interneurones in the dorsal horn. o TRUE: preganglionic neurones of the autonomic nervous system lie in the lateral horn and send their axons out via the ventral root of spinal nerves.
________ motor neurones supply
extrafusal muscle fibres,
whereas intrafusal fibres are innervated by
_________ motor neurones
Alpha motor neurones supply extrafusal
muscle fibres,
whereas intrafusal fibres are innervated by
gamma motor neurones
The brain area acknowledged as the center for emotions is the
A) amygdala.
B) hypothalamus.
C) suprachiasmatic nucleus. D) pons. E) cerebellum.
The brain area acknowledged as the center for emotions is the
A) amygdala.
B) hypothalamus.
C) suprachiasmatic nucleus. D) pons. E) cerebellum.
Which of the following parts of the brain are unique to or especially enlarged in humans?
a. Cerebellum
b. Basal ganglia
c. Wernickes area d. Hypothalamus e. Cerebral cortex f. Somatosensory cortex
g. Brainstem
Which of the following parts of the brain are unique to or especially enlarged in humans?
a. Cerebellum
b. Basal ganglia
c. Wernickes area d. Hypothalamus e. Cerebral cortex f. Somatosensory cortex
g. Brainstem
What is a motor unit in skeletal muscle?
a. The individual muscle fibre b. All muscle fibres innervated by one particular -motor neurone c. That part of each muscle fibre which actually contracts upon depolarisation
d. All muscle fibres innervated by one particular -motor
neurone e. All muscle fibres whose tension is sensed by one particular muscle spindle
What is a motor unit in skeletal muscle?
a. The individual muscle fibre b. All muscle fibres innervated by one particular -motor neurone c. That part of each muscle fibre which actually contracts upon depolarisation
d. All muscle fibres innervated by one particular -motor
neurone e. All muscle fibres whose tension is sensed by one particular muscle spindle
Which functions are controlled through the autonomic nervous system?
1. blood pressure 2. heart rate 3. water balance 4. temperature regulation
Which functions are controlled through the autonomic nervous system?
1. blood pressure 2. heart rate 3. water balance 4. temperature regulation
Which of the following motor impairments is
characteristic of cerebellar damage?
a. Paraplegia b. Involuntary, purposeless movements of the upper extremities c. Involuntary tremors at rest d. Increased general muscle tone e. Ataxia (uncoordinated, inaccurate movements)
Which of the following motor impairments is
characteristic of cerebellar damage?
a. Paraplegia b. Involuntary, purposeless movements of the upper extremities c. Involuntary tremors at rest d. Increased general muscle tone e. Ataxia (uncoordinated, inaccurate movements)
The primary motor cortex is somatotopically mapped. What does that mean?
a. Different areas of the motor cortex initiate different categories of movement b. Some areas of motor cortex control voluntary movements, others maintain balance and posture c. Different areas in motor cortex control the movements of different body parts d. Primary motor cortex gets proprioceptive input from all over the body e. Primary motor cortex contains a map of where all body parts are currently positioned
The primary motor cortex is somatotopically mapped. What does that mean?
a. Different areas of the motor cortex initiate different categories of movement b. Some areas of motor cortex control voluntary movements, others maintain balance and posture c. Different areas in motor cortex control the movements of different body parts d. Primary motor cortex gets proprioceptive input from all over the body e. Primary motor cortex contains a map of where all body parts are currently positioned
The stretch receptors in the central portion of the muscle spindle can be activated by
a. passive stretch of the whole muscle, including stretch of the muscle spindle.
b. contraction of the end portions of the muscle spindle.
c. gamma motor neurone stimulation of the muscle spindle.
d. all of the above.
The stretch receptors in the central portion of the muscle spindle can be activated by
a. passive stretch of the whole muscle, including stretch of the muscle spindle.
b. contraction of the end portions of the muscle spindle.
c. gamma motor neurone stimulation of the muscle spindle.
d. all of the above.
The basal ganglia
a. are crucial for executing deliberate movements while suppressing unwanted movements b. are the main motor nuclei of the brainstem c. directly connect to motor neurones involved in complex, voluntary movements, e.g. grasping d. are crucial for maintaining gaze via the vestibulo-ocular reflexes e. modulate both the pyramidal and extrapyramidal motor pathways
The basal ganglia
a. are crucial for executing deliberate movements while suppressing unwanted movements b. are the main motor nuclei of the brainstem c. directly connect to motor neurones involved in complex, voluntary movements, e.g. grasping d. are crucial for maintaining gaze via the vestibulo-ocular reflexes e. modulate both the pyramidal and extrapyramidal motor pathways
During coactivation
a. all of the muscle fibers in a skeletal muscle are activated simultaneously. b. the gamma motor-neurone and alpha motor-neurone systems to a skeletal muscle are activated simultaneously.
c. the gamma motorneurones to a particular muscle are all activated simultaneously.
d. None of the above
During coactivation
a. all of the muscle fibers in a skeletal muscle are activated simultaneously. b. the gamma motor-neurone and alpha motor-neurone systems to a skeletal muscle are activated simultaneously.
c. the gamma motorneurones to a particular muscle are all activated simultaneously.
d. None of the above
Which of the following does NOT participate in the control of skeletal muscle activity?
a. Limbic system
b. Cerebellum c. Supplementary motor area of the cortex d. Premotor cortex e. Posterior parietal cortex
Which of the following does NOT participate in the control of skeletal muscle activity?
a. Limbic system
b. Cerebellum c. Supplementary motor area of the cortex d. Premotor cortex e. Posterior parietal cortex
A resting tremor
a. is the normal, imperceptible oscillation of muscles when at rest. b. occurs when the majority of muscle spindles in a muscle are dysfunctional. c. is due to damage of the spinocerebellum. d. is indicative of neuronal degeneration in the substantia nigra of the basal ganglia e. occurs in the majority of elderly people
A resting tremor
a. is the normal, imperceptible oscillation of muscles when at rest. b. occurs when the majority of muscle spindles in a muscle are dysfunctional. c. is due to damage of the spinocerebellum. d. is indicative of neuronal degeneration in the substantia nigra of the basal ganglia e. occurs in the majority of elderly people
What characterises Slow-wave sleep?
a. EEG activity is paradoxically similar to that of an awake person. b. EEG activity slowly alternates between large and small waves. c. Rapid eye movements d. Considerable muscle tone and movement
What characterises Slow-wave sleep?
a. EEG activity is paradoxically similar to that of an awake person. b. EEG activity slowly alternates between large and small waves. c. Rapid eye movements d. Considerable muscle tone and movement
An electroencephalogram (EEG)
a. records the summed activity of neurones within restricted areas of cerebral cortex. b. shows what a person is broadly thinking of during the recording. c. shows large waves when a person sees or hears something interesting d. shows small, fast oscillations (beta rhythms) during wakefulness and large, slow oscillations (delta rhythms) during sleep.
An electroencephalogram (EEG)
a. records the summed activity of neurones within restricted areas of cerebral cortex. b. shows what a person is broadly thinking of during the recording. c. shows large waves when a person sees or hears something interesting d. shows small, fast oscillations (beta rhythms) during wakefulness and large, slow oscillations (delta rhythms) during sleep.
The brain area affected in Parkinsons disease (more than one option may apply) o is over-active, causing the characteristic tremors o lies in the brainstem o is involved in the control of skeletal muscles o lies in the basal ganglia of the forebrain
The brain area affected in Parkinsons disease (more than one option may apply) o FALSE: is over-active, causing the characteristic tremors o FALSE: lies in the brainstem o TRUE: is involved in the control of skeletal muscles o TRUE: lies in the basal ganglia of the forebrain
Which of the following statements about glial cells are correct (may be more than one): o Glial cells wrap around blood capillaries in the brain. This is the basis for the blood-brain barrier. o One type of glial cell, the oligodendrocyte, wraps insulating layers of cell membrane (called myelin) around the axons of neurones. o Glial cells have synaptic contacts with each other. o Microglia are the part of the immune system which resides in the brain.
Which of the following statements about glial cells are correct (may be more than one): o FALSE: Glial cells wrap around blood capillaries in the brain. This is the basis for the blood-brain barrier. o TRUE: One type of glial cell, the oligodendrocyte, wraps insulating layers of cell membrane (called myelin) around the axons of neurones. o FALSE: Glial cells have synaptic contacts with each other. o TRUE: Microglia are the part of the immune system which resides in the brain.
Match these brain areas with their descriptions.
A. B. C. D. cerebellum hypothalamus thalamus cerebrum
1) composed of many small nuclei, this area integrates as well as relays sensory information passing through 2) receives sensory input from the inner ear's receptors for equilibrium and balance 3) composed of distinct regions of gray and white matter, this section of the brain develops with sulci and gyri
4) playing key roles in homeostasis, this area contains centers for hunger and thirst, as well as controlling the autonomic nervous systems
Match these brain areas with their descriptions.
A. B. C. D. cerebellum hypothalamus thalamus cerebrum
1) composed of many small nuclei, this area integrates as well as relays sensory information passing through it Answer: C 2) receives sensory input from the inner ear's receptors for equilibrium and balance Answer: A 3) composed of distinct regions of gray and white matter, this section of the brain develops with sulci and gyri Answer: D
4) playing key roles in homeostasis, this area contains centers for hunger and thirst, as well as controlling the autonomic nervous systems Answer: B
