Introduction to Psychology MCQ

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 Introduction to Psychology
MCQ PDF
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Introduction to Psychology provides students with a comprehensive overview of the

scientific study of behavior and mental processes. The course explores fundamental

concepts such as biological bases of behavior, sensation and perception, learning,

memory, development, personality, psychological disorders, and social psychology.

Emphasis is placed on understanding research methods, critical thinking, and the

application of psychological principles to everyday life. Students will also examine the

historical context and major theoretical perspectives that have shaped the field of

psychology.

Recommended Textbook
Social Psychology and Human Nature Comprehensive Edition 4th Edition by Roy F. Baumeister

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19 Chapters
2843 Verified Questions
2843 Flashcards
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Page 2
 Chapter 1: The Mission and the Method
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Sample Questions
Q1) Basic research is to applied research as ____ is to ____.
A) general; specific
B) specific; general
C) hard; easy
D) easy; hard
Answer: A

Q2) If you conduct a study and predict that excessive computer use causes social
awkwardness, then social awkwardness is the ____________________ variable.
Answer: dependent

Q3) What is a hypothesis?

A) A statistical procedure
B) An established scientific fact
C) A testable prediction
D) A type of sample
Answer: C

Q4) Most contemporary research in social psychology is based on college student

samples.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True

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 Chapter 2: Culture and Nature
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Sample Questions
Q1) The idea that the human brain has evolved specifically to enhance humans' ability to
form relationships, interact, and-ultimately-develop culture is known as
________________.
Answer: social brain theory

Q2) When a tornado hit Joplin, Missouri, many people from all over the United States
donated money and time to help the individuals in need due to that disaster. This
tendency to help even total strangers illustrates the textbook's classification of humans
as ____.
A) social animals
B) unconditionally generous
C) cultural animals
D) conflict-driven animals
Answer: C

Q3) One of the ways that humans are different from other species is that our sensory
organs are ____.
A) focused more on resolution than on detection
B) focused more on detection than on resolution
C) focused more on visual stimuli than auditory stimuli
D) focused more on visual stimuli than tactile stimuli
Answer: A

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Page 4
 Chapter 3: The Self
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Sample Questions
Q1) Research suggests that the most effective way to change the self-concept is by
____.
A) changing the social environment
B) simply deciding to change how one thinks about oneself
C) changing one's outward behavior toward others
D) changing one's name
Answer: A

Q2) The idea that people learn about themselves from interacting with other people is
called the ________________.
Answer: looking-glass self.

Q3) The part of the self that exerts control and makes choices is called the
________________.
Answer: agent self.

Q4) Self-awareness is typically ____ because people tend to ____.

A) pleasant; compare themselves against low standards
B) unpleasant; compare themselves against high standards
C) pleasant; not compare themselves against any standards
D) unpleasant; not compare themselves against any standards
Answer: B

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Page 5
 Chapter 4: Choices and Actions
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Sample Questions
Q1) The idea that at least some of our activities must be motivated by their inner drives
and choices, rather than by external factors, reflects ____.
A) entity theory
B) self-determination theory
C) action identification theory
D) the status quo bias

Q2) Janie just has to get her paper written for her English class. Even though she is
getting married this summer and planning the wedding is more personally important to
her, she simply shuts all thoughts of her wedding out of her mind and buckles down to
get the paper done. Janie has experienced ________________.

Q3) Jacopo has a long-term goal of becoming a neurologist. At the moment, though, he
is only seven years old. He therefore also has several "stepping stone goals" (finishing
high school, going to college, going to medical school, etc.). That is, Jacopo has a
complete ____.
A) hierarchy of goals
B) action identification system
C) incremental system map
D) self-determination map

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Page 6
 Chapter 5: Social Cognition
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Sample Questions
Q1) Monique tends to spend more money than she should on shoes. However, she makes
the mistake of thinking that most people spend lots of money on shoes. This makes her
feel better about the fact that she herself overspends. It appears that Monique is
engaging in the cognitive bias known as the ________________ effect.

Q2) The belief that one should not change an answer on a test, even if additional
consideration has led one to believe another answer might be the correct one, is called
the ____.
A) false consensus effect
B) magical thinking
C) contamination
D) first instinct fallacy

Q3) Which of the following is an explanation for the false consensus effect, but not an
explanation for the false uniqueness effect?
A) People use themselves as an "anchor" when judging others.
B) People want to feel good about themselves.
C) People want to feel that they are consistent across time.
D) People tend to ignore base rate information when making probability estimates.

Q4) Describe how one might reduce cognitive errors in processing social information.

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Page 7
 Chapter 6: Emotion and Affect
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Sample Questions
Q1) Tim drinks an extra large cappuccino just before leaving work and drives home fully
pumped with caffeine. While driving, he gets cut off by another car. Tim becomes
extremely angry at the other driver-far angrier than usual. This is because he
misinterprets the arousal that he is feeling from the caffeine as anger that he is feeling
toward the other driver. That is, he engages in the process of ________________.

Q2) For which group(s) is there a strong association between overeating and being in a
bad mood?
A) Only adults with binge eating disorders
B) Both adults with binge eating disorders and adults who binge eat (but not those with
clinical disorders)
C) Only adults who binge eat (but not those with clinical disorders)
D) Adults with binge eating disorders, adults who binge eat (but do not have clinical
disorders), and adults who do not binge eat

Q3) Supposed that Natalie has to go to the hospital today to visit her cousin. He has a
number of medical problems and has been in a depressed slump for months. Natalie is
sort of dreading seeing him. In anticipation of the visit, before leaving the house, Natalie
is therefore likely to engage in affect regulation by putting herself in a(n)
________________ mood.

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Page 8
 Chapter 7: Attitudes, Beliefs and Consistency
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Sample Questions
Q1) How does the notion of effort justification relate to cognitive dissonance?
A) Effort justification is a type of cognitive dissonance.
B) Effort justification precedes cognitive dissonance.
C) Effort justification is often a motive for cognitive dissonance.
D) Effort justification is often used to reduce cognitive dissonance.

Q2) As discussed in the text, there are three types of beliefs that help people to function
effectively in the social world, and that are often cast into doubt when people experience
violent crimes or other traumas. Which statement is one of these?
A) "The world is just random."
B) "Life is without meaning."
C) "I deserve what I get."
D) "I am a good person."

Q3) Which statement best describes the influence of attitudes?

A) Attitudes impede decision-making processes.
B) Attitudes make it more difficult to adjust to new situations.
C) Attitudes require more than a "gut-level" response.
D) Attitudes help us adapt.

Q4) Explain the potential benefits and costs of holding strong religious beliefs.

Q5) Explain the conditions under which the mere exposure effect holds true.

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 Chapter 8: Social Influence and Persuasion
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Sample Questions
Q1) Suppose that Frank has relatively low self-esteem, but that his friend Omar has
relatively high self-esteem. And suppose that the two friends are approached by a local
political group, which attempts to educate them about its causes and persuade them to
sign several petitions. Given the research on self-esteem and persuasion, what can we
expect?
A) Frank will be more open to talking with the group, and more inclined to sign on with
them.
B) Omar will be more open to talking with the group, and more inclined to sign on with
them.
C) Frank will be more open to talking with the group, but Omar should be more inclined
to sign on with them.
D) Omar will be more open to talking with the group, but Frank should be more inclined
to sign on with them.

Q2) The speed at which the source speaks can serve as a(n) ____ cue to persuasion.
A) central
B) peripheral
C) systematic
D) autokinetic

Q3) Describe three strategies for resisting persuasion.

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Page 10
Chapter 9: Prosocial Behavior: Doing What’s Best for Others
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Sample Questions
Q1) Equity and equality are two types of ____.
A) reciprocities
B) rules of law
C) norms
D) kin selection

Q2) In Axelrod's computer tournament, tit-for-tat emerged as the strategy to earn

players the most points.
A)True
B)False

Q3) As discussed in the text, the sociologist Phil Kunz once performed a study in which he
sent 578 Christmas cards to a sample of complete strangers living in Chicago, Illinois. He
received a total of 117 cards in return, as well as several phone calls-despite the fact that
he did not know any of these people. Kunz's findings provide good evidence of ____.
A) reciprocity
B) rule of law
C) audience inhibition
D) cooperation

Q4) Describe the features that tend to promote cooperation in a prisoner's dilemma
game.

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Page 11
 Chapter 10: Aggression and Antisocial Behavior
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Sample Questions
Q1) Suppose Fred discovers that his girlfriend has been having an affair with one of his
best friends for over a year. He completely freaks out and starts running through the
streets, uncontrollably screaming and randomly attacking people and things. The term
used by social psychologists to describe this kind of behavior is ____.
A) scapegoating
B) the bad apple effect
C) koro
D) running amok

Q2) Which of the following is an example of social aggression?

A) A 10-year-old girl refusing to speak to a classmate out of jealousy
B) A 10-year-old boy shoving a classmate for taking his ball
C) A 30-year-old man punching his wife
D) A 30-year-old woman littering

Q3) Which of the following seems to be a myth-an idea that is perpetrated by popular
culture but NOT supported by research?
A) Rates of violence can be affected by diet (what you eat).
B) Drinking alcohol is associated with increased aggression.
C) Men engage in domestic violence more frequently than women.
D) Violence in the media contributes to aggression in children.

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Page 12
 Chapter 11: Interpersonal Attraction and Rejection
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Sample Questions
Q1) Anya, a high school student, finally musters up to courage to say hello to a group of
"cool" kids at school. Suppose that these kids completely reject her by snubbing her
greeting and then laughing at her as she walks by. In the immediate aftermath of this
social rejection, Anya goes straight in to her geometry class, where she finds that there is
a pop quiz. She is most likely to ____.
A) perform unusually well on the quiz
B) show an exceptional level of self-discipline, and resist the temptation to cheat off of
her neighbor
C) experience a sense of emotional numbness
D) be in a positive mood

Q2) People who are high in self-monitoring differ from others in a number of ways. For
example, they are more likely to ____.
A) have difficulty controlling their temper when they are angry
B) have different sets of friends for different activities
C) make internal attributions for others' behaviors
D) be shy and introverted around others

Q3) As a general rule of thumb, it is true that "opposites attract."

A)True
B)False

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Page 13
 Chapter 12: Close Relationships: Passion, Intimacy, and

Sexuality
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Sample Questions
Q1) The authors of the text suggest that in general, people today might have more
successful long-term relationships if they ____.
A) continually strove to be on their "best behavior" (e.g., dressing well, being polite)
B) made more of an effort for their partners to see "the real them" (e.g., sharing fears and
insecurities)
C) tried not to idealize their partners, but instead to see them as "real people"
D) made more of an effort to "love themselves" before trying to love their partners

Q2) When people suspect that their spouse has been cheating on them, they are right
most of the time.
A)True
B)False

Q3) Which idea suggests that the sex drive has been shaped by natural selection?
A) social plasticity hypothesis
B) social constructionist theory
C) social exchange theory
D) evolutionary theory

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Page 14
 Chapter 13: Prejudice and Intergroup Relations
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Sample Questions
Q1) What does the text suggest about the accuracy of common stereotypes-do they
seem to contain a kernel of truth?
A) Most common stereotypes are flat-out inaccurate.
B) Most common stereotypes are vaguely on the mark-somewhere between flat-out
wrong and fairly accurate.
C) Most common stereotypes are fairly accurate in terms of their content, but
exaggerate the supposed magnitude of their effects.
D) Most common stereotypes are fairly accurate both in terms of their content and in
terms of the supposed magnitude of their effects.

Q2) Positive intergroup contact can effectively reduce prejudice through ____.
A) avoiding contact with outgroup members until necessary
B) competitive exercises with outgroup members
C) imagined positive interactions with outgroup members
D) testing positive interactions under adverse conditions

Q3) Stereotypes are generally quite inaccurate.

A)True
B)False

Q4) To what degree are stereotypes accurate?

Q5) Explain what stereotype threat is, and how it affects performance.

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 Chapter 14: Groups
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Sample Questions
Q1) Compared to human groups, the social groups formed by animals are much less
tolerant of ____.
A) within-group diversity
B) within-group hierarchy
C) within-group competition
D) between-group competition

Q2) Research suggests that, at least in business, the two traits that characterize
successful leaders are ____.
A) aggressiveness and ambition
B) modesty and persistence
C) intelligence and aggressiveness
D) popularity and ambition

Q3) The three characteristics of dangerous leaders discussed in your text include:
indifference toward the suffering of people, ____________________, and a
grandiose sense of national entitlement.

Q4) The leadership team has convened to work on the strategic planning process. All the
members are somewhat fiscally conservative. The new strategic plan turns out to be
HIGHLY fiscally conservative. This illustrates ____________________.

Q5) What are the qualities of leaders that are "toxic" for their followers?

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 Chapter 15: Applying Social Psychology to Consumer

Behavior
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Sample Questions
Q1) Conspicuous consumption refers to cases in which people ____.
A) buy things just so they can "show them off"
B) buy things that they cannot afford
C) buy things that they never end up using
D) buy things for other people

Q2) Successful green marketing targets a larger population with products and services
that anyone might be able to use while simultaneously ____.
A) ensuring the protection of overseas workers and promoting local jobs
B) saving money and reducing impact on the environment
C) promoting the development of local jobs and saving money
D) identifying mechanisms for social equity and fiscal responsibility

Q3) Research indicates that credit card debt is most related to ____.
A) impulsive buying
B) general self-destructiveness
C) a tendency to feel generally out of control
D) time orientation

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Page 17
 Chapter 16: Applying Social Psychology to Health
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Sample Questions
Q1) Health is most accurately viewed as a(n) _____.
A) dichotomy
B) binary state
C) continuum
D) trait

Q2) People who experience ____ show a disease-prone personality.

A) low levels of anxiety
B) long-term negative feelings
C) high self-esteem
D) chronic positive affect

Q3) Research has shown that the more instances of smoking adolescents view in
movies, the more likely they are to smoke. This is believed to be a result of ____.
A) social pressures to smoke cigarettes
B) a spurious relationship since the actual relationship is with being able to afford
cigarettes
C) a spurious relationship, since students who perform poorly are both more likely to
smoke and to watch movies
D) identification with movie characters

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Page 18
 Chapter 17: Applying Social Psychology to the Workplace
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Sample Questions
Q1) If an employee compares how much effort he puts in at work and feels
undercompensated for that effort, he may reduce his effort in the future, according to
____.
A) job satisfaction theory
B) equity theory
C) transformational leadership theory
D) ONET theory

Q2) Employment law in the United States is primarily meant to ____.

A) tell employers who they should and should not hire
B) ensure that protected classes receive preferable treatment
C) prevent employers from imposing their religious beliefs on employees
D) protect and provide equal opportunities for individuals

Q3) "Can-do" is to ____ as "will-do" is to ____.

A) ability; motivation
B) motivation; ability
C) mentoring; leadership
D) leadership; mentoring

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Page 19
 Chapter 18: Applying Social Psychology to the Law
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following best summarizes current thinking on "recovered memories"?
A) This is a complicated topic, involving numerous tradeoffs, about which there are few
clear answers.
B) "Recovered memories" are real, though the criminal justice system has been slow to
acknowledge their legitimacy.
C) There does not appear to be any legitimacy to the notion of "recovered
memories"-despite the commonality with which they allegedly occurred in the 1980's
and 1990's.
D) "Recovered memories" are now widely recognized by both psychologists and the
criminal justice system as being real and legitimate.

Q2) The jury pool in the United States is known as a(n) ____.
A) venire
B) voir dire
C) implicit panel
D) challenger board

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Page 20
Chapter 19: Applying Social Psychology to the Environment
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Sample Questions
Q1) Worldwide, about _____ people die every day from hunger- or malnutrition-related
diseases every day.
A) 5,000
B) 12,000
C) 18,000
D) 25,000

Q2) The concepts of sensory overload and cognitive control are related to crowding in
that sensory overload tends to ____ crowding and cognitive control tends to ____
crowding.
A) accompany; inhibit the experience of
B) accompany; also accompany
C) inhibit the experience of; also inhibit the experience of
D) inhibit the experience of; accompany

Q3) The subjective feeling that there are too many people in a given space is called
____.
A) density
B) pressure
C) push
D) crowding

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Page 21