Python Interview Questions for 3 Years Experience
■ Core Python Concepts
1. What are Python’s key features that make it popular?
2. What is the difference between Python 2 and Python 3?
3. Explain Python’s memory management and garbage collection.
4. What is the difference between mutable and immutable data types?
5. What are Python’s built-in data types?
6. What are lists, tuples, sets, and dictionaries?
7. What’s the difference between a shallow copy and a deep copy?
8. Explain Python’s slicing concept.
9. What is the difference between is and == operators?
10. What is the difference between local and global variables?
■■ Functions and Modules
1. How do you define a function in Python?
2. What are default arguments, keyword arguments, and variable-length arguments?
3. What are lambda functions?
4. Explain recursion in Python with an example.
5. What are decorators and how are they used?
6. What is the difference between @staticmethod, @classmethod, and instance methods?
7. What is the purpose of the __name__ == '__main__' statement?
8. What are modules and packages in Python?
9. How do you import a module from another directory?
10. What is the role of __init__.py in a package?
■ Object-Oriented Programming
1. What are classes and objects in Python?
2. What is the difference between instance variables and class variables?
3. What are constructors in Python?
4. Explain inheritance and its types.
5. How does polymorphism work in Python?
6. What is encapsulation?
7. What is an abstract class and how do you create one?
8. What are magic methods in Python? Give examples.
9. What is the purpose of the super() function?
10. How does method overriding work?
■ Advanced Python Concepts
1. What is the Global Interpreter Lock (GIL)?
2. What are iterators and generators?
3. What is the difference between yield and return?
4. How are exceptions handled in Python?
5. What are context managers? (Explain with with open() example)
6. What are comprehensions (list, dict, set)?
7. What is monkey patching in Python?
8. What are closures?
9. What are metaclasses in Python?
10. What is the difference between deep and shallow copy?
■ Multithreading and Multiprocessing
1. What is multithreading in Python?
2. Why doesn’t Python’s multithreading improve CPU-bound tasks?
3. What is the difference between threading and multiprocessing?
4. How do you share data between processes in Python?
5. How do you use threading.Lock()?
6. What are the advantages and disadvantages of multiprocessing?
7. How do you handle synchronization in threads?
■ File Handling & Exceptions
1. How do you open, read, and write files in Python?
2. What is the difference between read(), readline(), and readlines()?
3. What are different file modes (r, w, a, rb, wb)?
4. How do you handle exceptions using try, except, finally?
5. What is the purpose of raise and assert statements?
6. How do you handle multiple exceptions in a single block?
7. What happens if you don’t close a file properly?
■ Data Structures and Algorithms
1. How do you remove duplicates from a list?
2. How do you find the most frequent element in a list?
3. How do you sort a dictionary by value or key?
4. How do you merge two dictionaries in Python 3.9+?
5. How do you reverse a string or list?
6. What is the time complexity of dictionary lookups in Python?
7. How do you implement a stack or queue using lists/deque?
8. How do you check if a string is a palindrome?
9. How do you flatten a nested list?
10. How do you find missing numbers in a sequence?
■ Practical / Real-Time Questions
1. How do you handle large datasets efficiently in Python?
2. What libraries do you use for data analysis or web development?
3. How do you connect Python to a database (MySQL/PostgreSQL)?
4. How do you use environment variables in Python projects?
5. How do you debug Python applications?
6. What’s your experience with virtual environments (venv, pipenv)?
7. How do you handle package dependencies?
8. Have you used logging in Python? How?
9. How do you write unit tests in Python? (Explain with unittest or pytest)
10. What’s your approach to code optimization and refactoring?
