Aeroponics vertical indoor farming

B Mano *, B Arthi, M Arthi, R Asha and P Dhivya prabha

Department of Agriculture Engineering, Paavai Engineering College, Paavai Nagar, Pachal, Namakkal-637018, Tamil
Nadu, India.

International Journal of Science and Research Archive, 2024, 11(02), 407–411

Publication history: Received on 31 January 2024; revised on 11 March 2024; accepted on 13 March 2024

Article DOI: https://doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2024.11.2.0430

Abstract
Aeroponics vertical indoor farming is a farming that involves growing crops in layers that are piled vertically.
Aeroponics is a method of growing plants without soil. Vertical indoor farming is climate controlled so it can be done
year-round regardless of environmental challenges. Emerging problems of food security, urbanization, farmland
shortage, food miles increased greenhouse gas emissions focus on the need for vertical farming physiological
constraints that occur within hydroponic systems. Today, agriculture especially in India to concentrate in some situation
such as how to increase the productivity and profit. This paper presents a methodology for developing the plants are
submerged in a nutrient-rich mist solution. This study challenges is cultivating the plant by organic farming natural
nutrition.

Keywords: Aeroponic vertical farming; Indoor farming; Urbanization; Congestion; Organic farming .

1. Introduction
The Aeroponics is the process of growing plants in an air or mist environment without the use of soil or an aggregate
medium. In other words, it is the whole plant, roots, and all, are suspended in mid-air. The word Aeroponics is derived
from two Latin words “aero” (meaning air) and “ponic” (meaning labor). Aeroponics is an alternative for people with
limited spaces to grow plants. An aeroponic system is defined as an enclosed air and water/nutrient ecosystem that
fosters rapid plant growth with little water and direct sun and without soil or media. It is an effective and efficient way
of growing plants for it requires little water (requires 95 per cent less water than traditional farming methods) and
needs minimal space than even the most efficient system hydroponic system. Plant grown in these aeroponic system
also been shown to uptake more minerals and vitamin, making the plants healthier and potentially more nutritious..
Aeroponics is able to produce large numbers of minitowers in one generation that can be harvested sequentially,
eliminating the need for field production, thereby reducing costs and saving time. Aeroponics was used to produce tree
saplings (Acacia magnum) with arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) fungi inoculation. The well-aerated root environment of
aeroponics was beneficial for root initiation and subsequent root growth in woody (Ficus) and herbaceous
(Chrysanthemum) cuttings.

2. Existing system
The existing system for Aeroponic vertical indoor framing is a farming that involves growing crops in layers that are
piled vertically. Aeroponics is a method of growing plants without soil. Vertical indoor farming is climate controlled so
it can be done year-round regardless of environmental challenges. Emerging problems of food security, urbanization,
farmland shortage, food miles increased greenhouse gas emissions focuses on the need for vertical farming
physiological constraints that occur within hydroponic systems. This paper presents a methodology for developing the


Corresponding author: B Mano
Copyright © 2024 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article. This article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Liscense 4.0.
 International Journal of Science and Research Archive, 2024, 11(02), 407–411

plants are submerged in a nutrient-rich mist solution. This study challenges is cultivating the plant by organic farming
natural nutrients.

Objectives
Vertical farming involves using controlled growing and nutrition systems, LED lighting, and layers of indoor plant
growth.

This type of agriculture has the benefits of using less land to raise more food and avoiding chemicals.

3. Methodology

4. Design and analysis

We design aeroponic tower which utilizes the vertical space for reduce time requirement and labour cost.

4.1. Collection of material

We collect the material Pre - Chamber, An automatic timer, High pressure pump, A nutrient solution tank, Spray nozzles,
Supporting stand, Net pots, LED Light.

4.2. Setup of aeroponic farming

Aeroponic farming equipment includes a range of specialized tools and systems designed to facilitate the growth of
plants in an aeroponic tool.

408
 International Journal of Science and Research Archive, 2024, 11(02), 407–411

4.3. Fertilizer application

In aeroponic system where water and nutrients are recycled, it is important to measure the acid/base or pH
measurement to allow plants to absorb nutrients. Aeroponic using spray to nourish roots use much less liquid resulting
in easier management of nutrient concentration with greater pH stability.

Figure 1 design on Aeroponic tower

4.4. Problem Identification

 Hand- Clogged nozzles are one of the most common problems in aeroponics, but it's solved by simply cleaning
filters, pumps, tubes, and fillings.
 Mister spray heads may also tend to clog and not produce mist when needed.
 High investment cost.

5. Literature review
Development many studies have clearly shown that aeroponics promotes plant growth rates through optimization of
root aeration because the plant is totally suspended in air, giving the plant stem and root systems access to 100% of the
available oxygen in the air. Droplet size and frequency of exposure of the roots to the nutrient solution are the critical
factors which may affect oxygen availability.

6. Proposed design
Design is aeroponics system uses nozzles and pumps as a lower pressure pump is utilized, this system must bring the
water up from the reservoir before spraying. Nozzles that are fed water from a low-pressure pump spray water down
onto the roots in a way to rain. The result is a very natural feeling water delivery system. The water that falls onto the
roots then drips down into a pots and is fed back into the main nutrient reservoir to be used again to plants. The more
simple systems that you can work with is a high-pressure aeroponics system. The main source of this system is a single
reservoir with plants placed into a lid. An external pump is used to create a high-powered force. The reservoir bottom
feeds a nutrient solution into a pump that pushes the water up into a line of spray nozzles aiming at the exposed roots
of the plants. For plants that are meant to exist for their entire lives in the aeroponics system, be sure to position them
at the end of the holder so they have a clear upward growth path. Alternatively, reserve your best to-be-transplanted
plants for the top of the tower since there is no chance of stem bending in the plant. Plant holders inserted into the
sloped sides of the pyramid might have plants in them that grow in a slightly slanted manner. For plants that are meant
to exist for their entire lives in the aeroponics system, this is fine! If you are planning on transferring plants later, be
sure to position them at the end of the holder so they have a clear upward growth path. Alternatively, reserve your best
to-be-transplanted plants for the top of the pyramid since there is no chance of stem bending there.

409
 International Journal of Science and Research Archive, 2024, 11(02), 407–411

7. Result and discussion

7.1. Efficiency Testing

Table 1 Efficiency Testing of Traditional and Aeroponic methods

S.No Traditional Method Aeroponic method

1. Grown under climatic condion. Grown under controlled conditions.
2. A Risk management, resilience. Able to cultivate plants out of the atmosphere.
3. Traditional variety selection by farmers. Aeroponic presents great advantages over traditional agriculture.
4. Most farming damages the environment. Minimal pollution and ecosystem degradation.
5. Water usage can vary, but generally is Fewer water resources are used.
higher.

Figure 2 Aeroponic method of growing plants.

Our project was farming through vertical aeroponics technique which is indoor farming. Our next step is to check the
growth in this medium, we aim to observe its growth with the goal of developing a cost effective technique. To evaluate
the efficiency we compare it to the plant growing in the soil medium. From these results, the yield in vertical aeroponics
technique is double the plant grown in the soil medium. Its global adoption reveals its potential to revolutionize modern
agriculture and contribute to meeting the zero-hunger goal of the sustainable development goals, especially in urban
areas where traditional farming might be challenging. This shows the technique is very efficiency and significant. This
method can be very useful to all. This can be lead to high income to farmers and shows high results.

410
 International Journal of Science and Research Archive, 2024, 11(02), 407–411

8. Conclusion
The Aeroponics vertical indoor farming growing allows plants and crops to grow without the use of pesticide and thus
it will be disease free. The crops will grow in a healthy manner as the aeroponics system is very similar to nature
environmental condition. Aeroponics is conducted in air combined with micro- droplets of water, land and nutrients, so
the aeroponics system is the way of future, making cultivation of crop easier. The need for soil-based farming is being
largely challenged by new high tech cultivation techniques such as aeroponic. When its comes to growing crop
production, vertical farming is becoming increasingly popular. Soil and water constrained areas and the poorest and
landless can benefit greatly from vertical farming, which allows crops prefer coriander, green leaves and short-lived
crops like vegetables to be grown year-round in very small spaces with no labour requirement. Overall, this technique
leads to increased productivity, cost savings, and better outcomes compared to soil cultivation.

Compliance with ethical standards

Acknowledgments

To the institution for the facilities granted to carry out this work.

Disclosure of conflict of interest

No conflict of interest to be disclosed.

Author’s contributions

All authors contributed equally to the conception and development of the work

References
[1] Aeroponics Soilless Cultivation System for Vegetable Crops P Gopinath*, P. Irene Vethamoni and M. Gomathi
Department of vegetable crops, HC & RI, TNAU, Coimbatore - 641 003 Chem Sci Rev Lett 2017, 6(22), 838-849
Article CS07204.
[2] A smart aeroponic system for sustainable indoor farming Benedetta Fascioloa *, Ahmed Awoudaa, Giulia Brunoa,
Franco Lombardia a Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, Torino 10129, Italy 2212-8271 © 2023
The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license Peer-review
under responsibility of the scientific committee of the 30th CIRP Life Cycle Engineering Conference
10.1016/j.procir.2023.02.107.
[3] Design and development of smart vertical garden system for urban agriculture initiative in Malaysia,Munirah
Hayati Hamidona, Samsuzana Abd Aziza*, Tofael Ahamedb, Muhammad Razif 82:1 (2020) 19–27 |
www.jurnalteknologi.utm.my eISSN 2180–3722.
[4] Hindawi Journal of Sensors Volume 2018, Article ID 8672769, Monitoring and Control Systems in Agriculture
Using Intelligent Sensor Techniques: A Review of the Aeroponic System. Imran Ali Lakhiar, 1 Gao Jianmin, 1
Tabinda Naz Syed,1 Farman Ali Chandio, 1 Noman Ali Buttar, 1 and Waqar Ahmed Qureshi
[5] Vertical farming: The future of agriculture: A review Mohd Salim Mir, Nasir Bashir Naikoo, Raihana Habib Kanth,
FA Bahar, M Anwar Bhat, Aijaz Nazir, S Sheraz Mahdi, Zakir Amin, Lal Singh, Waseem Raja, AA Saad, Tauseef A
Bhat, Tsultim Palmo and Tanveer A Ahngar.

411