CHAPTER 15

INTRODUCTION TO GRAPHS

Compendium
A. Introduction
a. Locating a point on Cartesian Plane
B. Plotting Graphs For Variables Having Direct or Inverse
Relations
C. Linear Graphs
a. Use of Graphs
b. Time and Distance Graph
c. Perimeter Side Graph of a Square
d. Plotting a Graph of Different Multiple Numbers
e. Simple Interest Graph
D. Some More Graphs
E. Bird’s Eye View
F. Solved Examples
G. Practice Yourself
H. Solutions

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A. Introduction
1. Represent P = 2, Q = –3 and R – 5 on the given number line.

2. Write the positions of points A, B, C and D.

Were you able to identify the positions of all points easily? ________
The number line helps us to tell the position of points that lie along a
horizontal straight line. However, this method is not so helpful if the
points are scattered in a two-dimensional plane, not necessarily in a
straight line. For example, we find it difficult to identify the positions
of points B and C in the second instance above.
Now, look at the following figure.

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Here, you can see two number lines—one horizontal and the other
vertical. You can reach point A if you move 3 units along the horizontal
number line (away from the O) and then 2 units parallel to the vertical
number line. So, we can now say that the point is 3 units away from the
vertical axis and 2 units away from the horizontal axis.
In the 17th century, a French mathematician Rene Descartes worked
on this idea and invented a system of determining the position of a
point in a two-dimensional plane. This system came to be known as
the Cartesian system. In this system, a plane (called the Cartesian
plane) is characterised by a pair of axes - the horizontal axis is known
as the x-axis, and the vertical axis is known as the y-axis. The point
where the two axes intersect is known as the origin and is generally
denoted by letter O.
A point in a Cartesian system is denoted by an ordered pair of numbers
(x, y), where x represents the distance of the point from the origin along
the x-axis and y denotes the distance of the point from the origin along
the y-axis. The pair of numbers are called the coordinates of the point.
The first number x is called the x-coordinate, and the second number
y is called the y-coordinate. The coordinates of the origin are (0, 0).
a. Locating a point on Cartesian Plane
To locate a point (4, 6) in the Cartesian plane, follow these steps.
1. Draw the x-axis, the y-axis and the origin on a graph paper.
2. Starting from O, move 4 units along the x-axis towards the right.
3. Now, move 6 units up, parallel to the y-axis. You will reach a point
(4, 6).

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Do You Know?
The x-coordinate is called the abscissa, and the y-coordinate is
called the ordinate.
Similarly, points (3, 4), (2, 7) and (6, 3) can be represented on a
cartesian plane, as shown in Fig. 15.2.

Remember this!

• The x-coordinate is always written before the y-coordinate.

• Coordinates of the origin are (0,0).

• For any point lying on the x-axis, the y-coordinate is 0.

• For any point lying on the y-axis, the x-coordinate is 0.

Checkpoint-1

1. Plot the following points on a graph.

(a)(1,1) (b)(2, 3) (c)(5,7) (d)(4,6)

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2. Write down the x-coordinate for the following points.
(a)(2,7) (b)(9,19) (c)(10,12) (d)(4,3)
3. Write down the y-coordinate for the following points.
(a)(21,7) (b)(8,29) (c)(5,9) (d)(2,8)
4. Write the coordinates of the vertices of the given parallelogram.

5. Draw lines passing through the points (2, 6), (8, 5) and (6, 2), (8, 5).
Write the points of intersection of these two lines.
6. Plot the points (7, 7), (10, 5) and (10, 8) on a graph. Name the figure
obtained after joining these points.

B. Plotting Graphs For Variables Having Direct or

Inverse Relations
Suppose you bought candies at the rate of Rs.3 per candy. So, the price
of x candies is given by Rs.3x. Let us represent the relationship
between the quantity purchased and the price using a graph.
For representation on the graph, we need to choose a particular scale
for both x-axis and y-axis.

Scale: 1 division on x-axis = 1 candy

1 division on y-axis = Rs3
Let us denote the price by y.
Hence, y = 3x. Putting appropriate values of x, we can get the values
of y.
For x = 1, we get y = 3.

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For x = 2, we get y = 6.
For x = 3, we get y = 9.
The ordered pairs so obtained are (1, 3), (2, 6) and (3, 9).
Let us plot these points on the Cartesian plane and join them. The
graph so obtained is a straight line.
From the graph, we can observe that the price of 5 candies is Rs.15.

It can be observed that the increase in the number of candies will

increase the price.

Try and learn

Example 1:
Plot y = 5x on a graph.
Solution:
For different values of x, the values of y are given in the following
table.

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x y = 5x (x, y)
0 0 (0,0)
1 5 (15)
2 10 (2, 10)
3 15 (3, 15)
4 20 (4,20)
5 25 (5, 25)

Let us choose the scale for the graph as:

Scale: 1 division on x-axis = 1 unit
1 division on y-axis = 5 units

Plotting the ordered pairs on the graph and joining them.

Here, also the obtained graph is a straight line. These two graphs are
showing the relationship between two quantities, where one is
independent, and the other is dependent.

The variable x is called the independent variable as its values are

selected arbitrarily, and the variable y is called the dependent variable
as its values are determined by the values of x. Hence, the x coordinate

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is sometimes referred to as the control variable.
Example 2:
Plot y = x2 on a graph.
Solution:
For different values of x, the values of y are given in the following table.
x y = x2 (x, y)
0 0 (0,0)
1 1 (1,1)
2 4 (2,4)
3 9 (3,9)

Scale: 1 division on x-axis = 1 unit

1 division on y-axis = 1 units

The increase in the value of the independent variable x is

accompanied with a squared increase in the value of y. Although the
relationship is directly proportional, the proportionate increase in
the two variables is not the same. Hence, we do not get a straight
line.

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Example 3:
A vehicle travels at an average speed of 60 km/hr. Plot a graph
depicting the relation between speed and time taken.
Solution: Let us suppose that the distance travelled is constant.
We know that: distance = speed(s) ×time(t)
t1s1 = t2s2 (distance = constant)
 1 × 60 = 2 × s2

 s2 = 30

Similarly, we can find other combinations of speed and time as shown

in the following table.
Time (in hr) Speed (in km/hr)
1 60
2 30
3 20
4 15
5 12
Let us choose the scale for the graph as:

Scale: 1 division on x-axis = 1 hr

1 division on y-axis = 10 km/hr

We observe from Fig. 15.6 that y varies inversely with x since y decreases
with an increase in x.

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2. Linear Graphs
We plot points on a graph and join them. If the graph so obtained is a
straight line, we say that it is a linear graph. A linear graph shows a
linear relationship between two quantities, where one is independent,
and the other is dependent, i.e., the change in one quantity changes
the other linearly.

Example:4

The values of x and the corresponding values of y are given below. Plot
a graph. Is the relationship between x and y linear?

x y
2 4
4 8
6 12
8 16
Solution:
Let us plot and join the ordered pairs, namely (2, 4), (4, 8), (6, 12) and (8,
16) on the graph by choosing the scale as:
Scale: 1 division on x-axis = 2 units
1 division on y-axis = 4 units

The graph obtained is a straight line, which shows a linear

relationship between x and y.

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a. Use of Graphs

A graph is a visual representation of data. It can be used to represent

the relationship between various data elements such as time and
distance, voltage and current, pressure and force and many other such
relationships. Hence, graphs are useful when it comes to obtaining
information from these relationships. They are used in medical
treatment, engineering constructions, geographical calculations and
many other fields. Almost each and every field requires the use of
graphs, and hence they are very important in our day-to-day lives. Let
us see some examples of the graph.

b. Time and Distance Graph

Example: 5 The average speed of a car is 20 km/hr. Plot a time and

distance graph of the car.
Solution:
We know that the average speed of the car is 20 km/hr. Using this
information, we can calculate the amount of distance a car travels in a
given amount of time by simply obtaining the product of the average
speed and time.
We know that:
Distance = average speed × time

Using this relationship, obtain the following values:

Time (in hr) Distance Travelled (in km)

1 20
2 40
3 60
4 80

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Let us choose the scale for the given values:
Scale: 1 division on x-axis = 1 hr
1 division on y-axis = 10 km
Using the calculated values, we plot the graph as given Fig.

c. Perimeter-Side Graph for a Square

The perimeter of a square is obtained by the relationship: perimeter
= 4 × length of each side.

A perimeter-side graph gives the value of the perimeter for a square

of a given side or edge length.

Try and learn

Example: 6 Plot a perimeter-side graph of a square, if the square

takes the following lengths: 5 cm, 10 cm, 15 cm, 20 cm.
Solution:
For the given side length of a square, we can obtain the perimeter
using the following relation:

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Perimeter = 4 × side length
We tabulate the values:

The side length of square (in cm) Perimeter (in cm)

5 20
10 40
15 60
20 80

The scale of the graph is:

Scale: 1 division on x-axis = 5 cm
1 division on y-axis = 10 cm
Using these values, we draw the graph as given in Fig. 15.9.

d. Plotting a Graph of Different Multiple Numbers

Let us consider the multiples of 4, that is 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32,...

We can also write y = 4x, where x and y are natural numbers and y is a
multiple of 4 dependent on x. For different values of x, we get different
values of y as shown in the given table

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X y = 4x
1 4
2 8
3 12
4 16
5 20

The scale for the graph is:

Scale: 1 division on x-axis = 1 unit
1 division on y-axis = 4 units
Based on the values in the given table, we can plot the graph as given
in Fig. 15.10.

e. Simple Interest Graph

These graphs are used to calculate the interest on a sum of money

for a period of years. Their usefulness in calculating the interest
incurred on a sum of money is illustrated in the following example.
Example: 7 The interest on Rs.100 for 1 year is Rs.10. So, the interest
on Rs.1 for a year is 0.1. Hence, for a period of n years, the interest on
Rs.1 is Rs 0.1 n. If we denote this interest as a, then a = (0. 1) n

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Using this relation, we can calculate the interest on Rs.1 for any number
of years. Some values are tabulated, as shown here.

Interest on Rs.1
Number of years (n)
a = (0.1) n
3 0.3
4 0.4
5 0.5
6 0.6
7 0.7

The scale of the graph is:

Scale: 1 division on x-axis = 1 year
1 division on y-axis = Rs 0.1

From the graph shown in Fig. 15.11, we can obtain the interest on Rs.1 for
a period of 3.5 years, which is Rs.0.35. Hence, the interest on Rs.400 for a
period of 3.5 years will be 400×0.35 = Rs.140.

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C. Some More Graphs
Example: 8 On placing different weights on a spring, the extension of
the string is different. The different extensions are tabulated as follows:

Weight placed (in g) The extension (in mm)

100 5
200 10
300 15
400 20

Find the extension on placing a weight of 350 g.

Solution:
Let us choose an appropriate scale for the values. We have,
Scale: 1 division on x-axis = 100 g
1 division on y-axis = 5 mm
On plotting the values on a graph,
we obtain Fig. 15.12.
From the graph shown in Fig. 15.12,
we can obtain the extension of the
spring on placing a weight of 350 g,
which is 17.5 mm.

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Checkpoint-2

1. Complete the following tables and draw the graph.

(a)
X 2 4 6 8
Y=2X-1
(b)

X 3 6 9 12 15

Y =4X
(c)

X 1 2 3 4 5

Y = 5X-5

2. Write the values of y from the following graphs for the values
corresponding of x.

(a)

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3. Perimeters (P) of squares with sides (S) are given below. Draw the
graph for this data taking suitable scale on the axes.

P (in cm) 16 20 24 28
S (in cm) 4 5 6 7

4. Temperature (T) in °C of a metal ball in time (t) minutes is given in

the following table. Plot a graph for the same taking suitable scale
on the axes.

T (in °C) 30 40 50 60
t (in min) 2 4 6 8

5. A taxi driver drove a taxi for 6 hours. Plot a speed-distance graph

for the following data and answer the questions given using the
graph.

Speed (in km/hr) 20 25 30 40 50

Distance (in km) 120 150 180 240 300

(a)Find the distance covered if he is driving at a speed of 45 km/hr.

(b)Find the speed of the taxi if he travels a distance of 450 km.

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5. A man is riding a bike at a uniform speed of 60 km per hour. Plot a
distance-time graph to show the relationship between distance
and time. Is it a linear graph?

Bird’s-eye view

• A Cartesian plane consists of two perpendicular lines intersecting

each other.
• The horizontal line is called the x-axis, while the vertical line is called
the y-axis. The point of intersection of the two axes is called the
origin.
• For locating a point in the Cartesian plane, we require x-coordinate
or abscissa and y-coordinate or ordinate. A point is denoted as (x, y),
where x is the distance of the point from the y-axis and y is the
distance of the point from the x-axis.
• The coordinates of any point lying on the y-axis are (0, y). The
coordinates of a point lying on the x-axis are (x, 0).
• The coordinates of the origin are (0, 0).
• Graph is an effective tool to represent numerical data in visual form.
There are various types of graphs such as bar graph, histogram, pie
chart and line graph.
• A line graph displays data or information that changes
continuously over a period of time. When we get one straight
unbroken line, it is called a linear graph.
• A linear graph is used to represent the linear relation between two
variables.

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Solved examples

Example 1: Find the coordinates of the points A, B, C and D marked

in the Cartesian plane below:

Solution: Point A is 5 units to the right of O; therefore, its x-coordinate

is 5. Also, point A is 2 units above the origin. Therefore the y-coordinate
is 2. Thus, the coordinates of point A are (5, 2). The point B is 6 units to
the left of the origin. Therefore the x-coordinate is –6. Also, the point
B is 6 units above the origin. Thus the y-coordinate is 6. Point B has
coordinates (–6, 6).

The point C is 5 units to the left of O and 2 units below O. The

coordinates of C are (–5, –2).

The point D is 3 units to the right of O, and 1 unit below O. The point
D has coordinates (3, −1).

Example 2: The histogram gives the marks in English of 40 students

in a class.

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(i) What is the class size?

(ii) How many students get 80% or more than 80% marks?

(iii) What is the range of marks in which the maximum number of

students get marks?

Solution:

(i) The class intervals are marked on the x-axis. The intervals are 30 –
40, 40 – 50 and so on. Thus the class size is 30 – 20 = 10.

(ii) From the graph, it can be seen that the number of students
securing marks between 80 and 90 is 6 and the number of students
securing marks between 90 and 100 is 5. Thus, students securing
80% or more are 6 + 5 = 11.

(iii) The longest bar is for the class interval 60 - 70. Thus maximum
students, 10 in all, secure marks between 60 and 70.

Example 3: Figure 17.11 represents the total runs scored by two

batsmen A and B during 10 different matches in a year. Study the
graph and answer the following:
(i) What information is given on the two axes?

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(ii) Which line shows the runs scored by Batsman A?

(iii) In which match, if any, did the two batsmen score equal to
number of runs?

(iv) Amongst the two batsmen, which is steadier? How do you judge
it?

Solution:

(i) The matches are reflected on the x-axis. The runs scored are shown
on the y-axis.

(ii) The dotted line shows the runs scored by Batsman A.

(iii) In the fourth match, both the batsmen score sixty runs. As can
clearly be seen, the lines meet at this point.

(iv) Batsman B has one great peak but many deep valleys. In the
second match, he scores 120 runs. However, in two matches
(match 3 and 9), he scores no runs. Further, in three other matches,
batsman B scores less than 40 runs.

However, Batsman A has never scored less than 40 in any match.

The highest score of Batsman A is 100.

Thus, Batsman A is a steadier player.

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Example 4 Plot the points P (3, 4), Q (-3, 7), R (-5, 0) and S (0, -3) on a
Cartesian plane.
Solution
To plot the given points P (3, 4,) Q (-3, 7), R (-5, 0) and S (0, -3) a Cartesian
plane, draw two perpendicular number lines XOX’ and YOY’ and mark
the point of their intersection as O. Mark numbers at equal distance
from 0 at the origin on both XOX’ and YOY’.

To plot point P (3, 4):

The x-coordinate of P is 3. So, from O move 3 units to the right to reach

3 on the x-axis. The y-coordinate of P is 4. So, from 3 on the x-axis, move
4 units up and mark the point with a dot and write P (3, 4).

To plot point Q (-3, 7):

The x-coordinate of Q is -3 So, from O move 3 units to the left to reach

-3 on the x-axis. The y-coordinate of Q is 7.

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Example 5 Identify the names and quadrants of the following points
in the given coordinate plane.
(i) (-3, 2) (ii) (2, 1)
(iii) (3, -4) (iv) (-2, -3).
Solution
(i) In the given coordinate plane, the point with coordinates (-3, 2) is A.
It is in quadrant II.
(ii) The point with coordinates (2, 1) is B. It is in Quadrant I.
(iii) The point with coordinates (3, -4) is C. It is in Quadrant IV.
(iv) The point with coordinates (-2, -3) is D. It is in Quadrant III.

Example 6 Without actually plotting the following points in a

coordinate plane, state the quadrant in which they lie.
(i) P (-5, -6) (ii) Q (4, -6)
(iii) R (2, 2) (iv) S (-7, 6)

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Solution
(i) In P (-5, -6), the abscissa and the ordinate are both negative.
Therefore, the point P lies in the third quadrant.
(ii) In Q (4, -6), the abscissa is positive, and the ordinate is negative.
Therefore, the point Q lies in the fourth quadrant.

(iii) In R (2, 2), the abscissa and the ordinate are both positive. Therefore,
the point R lies in the first quadrant.

(iv) In S (-7, 6), the abscissa is negative, and the ordinate is positive.
Therefore, the point S lies in the second quadrant.

Example 7 Identify the coordinates of the points P, Q, R and S from the

given graph.

Solution From the given graph, the coordinates of the points P, Q, R

and S are

(i) P (5, 6) (ii) Q (7, 0)

(iii) R (0, 6) (iv) S (-7, -3).

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Example 8 Plot the points A (-4, 0), B (0, 4) and C (4, 0) in a coordinate
plane and join them in order. What figure do you get?
Solution
• Draw the X and Y coordinate axes and mark their point of intersection
as origin O.

• Mark the axes XOX' and YOY' with numbers placed at equal intervals.

• In A (-4, 0), abscissa is -4 and ordinate is 0. So, move 4 units to the left
of O, mark the point with a dot and name it as A (-4, 0).

• In B (0, 4), abscissa is 0 and ordinate is 4. So, move 4 units above zero
and mark the point with a dot and name it as B (0, 4).

• In C (4, 0), abscissa is 4 and ordinate is 0.

So, move 4 units to the right of O, mark the point with a dot and name
it as C.
• Join the points A, B and C in order to get segments AB, BC and CA.
• An isosceles ∆ABC is formed in which AB = BC.

• The figure obtained by plotting the given points and joining them in
order is an isosceles ∆ABC.

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Example 9: The rainfall recorded in 2 cities in a 6-month period is
represented by the given line graph. The dotted line indicates rainfall
in City A while the solid line indicates the rainfall in City B.
Study the graph and answer the following questions.
(i) What data is represented on the two axes?
(ii) Which city had higher rainfall in November?
(iii) What was the total amount of rainfall in the two cities in the six
month period from September to February?
(iv) Which 3 months have the same rainfall for City B?
(v) Which was the wettest month?

Solution

(i). Months are represented on the x-axis and rainfall in cm is

represented on the y-axis.
(ii) City B had higher rainfall in November.
(iii) Total amount of rainfall: City A: 84 cm; City B: 66 cm
(iv) September, January and February have the same rainfall for City B.
(v) November was the wettest month as there was the maximum
rainfall.

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Example 10 : The following table shows the runs scored by a team in a
20-over cricket match.

Draw a line graph to represent the data.

Number of overs 5 10 15 20
Runs 10 40 120 160

Solution To draw a line graph of the given data, follow the steps given
below.
(i) Draw OX, the x-axis and OY, the y-axis with a suitable scale for the
given range of data.
(ii) Represent the number of overs on the x-axis, and the number of
runs scored on the y-axis.
(iii) Choose a suitable scale such as 1 cm = 1 over on the x-axis and 1 cm
=10 runs on the y-axis.
(iv) Plot the points (5, 10); (10, 40); (15, 120) and (20, 160) on the graph.
(v) Join the points by straight lines to get the required line graph.

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Example 11: Draw a linear graph of y=2x.
Solution
The given equation is y = 2x.
Clearly, the value of y changes with the change in the value of x.
Tabulate values of y corresponding to some arbitrary values of x as given
in the table below.
X −1 −2 0 2 3
Y −2 −4 0 4 6

The ordered pairs are: (−1, −2), (−2, −4), (0, 0), (2, 4) and (3, 6). Plot these
ordered pairs on a coordinate plane. Use the scale, x-axis: 1 cm = 0.5
units; y-axis:
1 cm = 0.5 units.
Join the points using a ruler to get a straight line, as shown in the
figure.
The graph in the figure is the required linear graph.

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Practice Yourself

1 marks question
Multiple Choice Questions.

1. Points A (4, 0) and B (8, 0) both lie on x-axis and the distance
between them is
(a)4 units (b)0 units
(c)8 units (d)2 units
2. The graph of x = 4 is___________
(a)the x-axis (b)the y-axis
(c)a line parallel to x-axis (d)a line parallel to y-axis
3. The point P(2, 3) lies ________________the point Q(3, 2)
(a)above (b)below
(c)at same distance to (d)cannot be determined
4. The abscissa of the point (4, 5) is____________________
(a)4 (b)5 (c)20 (d)none of these
5. Which of the following is true?
(a)The abscissa of every point on the x-axis is 0.
(b)The ordinate of every point on y-axis is 0.
(c)The abscissa of every point on y-axis is 1.
(d)The ordinate of every point on the x-axis is 0.
6. The point (12, 15) lies
(a)12 units above the x-axis.
(b)15 units on the left of the y-axis.
(c)12 units on the right of the y-axis.
(d)15 units below the x-axis.

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7. Which of the following pairs of points have distance 4 units
between them.
(a)(2, 0) and (4, 0) (b)(0, 4) and (0, 2)
(c)(l, 0) and (5, 0) (d)(0, 3) and (0, 6)

2 Marks questions

1. Plot the points A (3, 3), B (7, 3), C (7, 6) and D (3, 6). Join A to B, B to
C, C to D and D to A. What shape is the quadrilateral ABCD? Find its
perimeter and area.
2. Write the coordinates of any three points on the x-axis, at least one
of which lies to the left of the origin.
3. Write the coordinates of any two points on the y-axis, both lying
below the origin.
4. Write the coordinates of origin.
5. Write the coordinates of the points P, Q, R, S, T and U shown in the
Cartesian plane below:

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3 Marks questions

6. In a Cartesian plane, plot the points: A(8, 8), B(–2, 7), C(5, –10), D(–4,
–4), E(0, 3), F(–9, 0). Also, state the quadrants in which they lie.

7. Write the quadrants in which each of the points given below lie.

(i)(–20, –25) (ii)(–4, 14)

(iii)(7, 17) (iv)(15, –30)

8. The following shows a map of a small town on a Cartesian plane.

..

Find the coordinates of the following:

(i)House A (ii)College (iii)House C
(iv)Water Tank (v)High School
(vi)Community Hall (vii)Hospital (viii)House B
(ix)Primary School
Also, write which quadrant each of these places belongs to.
9. A bank gives 15% simple interest on deposits made by senior
citizens. Draw a graph to illustrate the relation between the sums
deposited and the simple interest earned. From the graph find:
(i) the annual interest obtained on ₹ 200
(ii) the investment that will yield an annual simple interest of ₹ 90

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10. A man invests ₹ 1000 on 5% simple interest. Draw a graph to reflect
the interest earned in one year, two years, three years and five years.
From the graph find:
(i)the interest earned in three and a half years
(ii)in how much time will interest of ₹ 450 be accrued?
If ₹ 1000 was invested on 5% compound interest, compounded
annually, then will the graph for the interest in one, two, three, four
and five years be a linear graph?

4 Marks questions

11. The temperature of a patient taken at different times of the day is

given below.

Time: 2.00 A.M. 6.00 A.M. 10.00 A.M. 2.00 P.M. 6.00 P.M.
Temp (°F): 100.5 100 102 100 101

Draw the temperature-time line graph.

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12. The sales of a shopkeeper in two consecutive years, 2009 and 2010,
in different months of a year are given below. Draw a graph
representing the given data

Month Sales in ₹ (2009) Sales in ₹ (2010)

Jan 3000 3600

Fab 3200 3400

Mar 2700 3200

Apr 3500 3200

May 3800 3500

June 3000 4000

July 3200 3800

Aug 3400 3600

Sep 3600 4000

Oct 4500 5000

Nov 3500 4000

Dec 4000 4200

13. The table below gives the temperatures in centigrade and the
humidity percentages on five days in a week. Represent the data
as a bar graph.
Day 1 2 3 4 5
Temperature in centigrade 33 30 28 29 32
Humidity % 90 92 95 94 88

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14. The weights (in kg) of 50 students are given below.
60 41 30 53 59 54 43 70 69 56 43 55 39 63 41 51 32

53 47 78 40 54 52 46 55 58 38 51 42 59 68 45 33 49

77 47 37 30 48 44 53 66 35 79 58 61 49 49 50 51

(i) Organise the data into class intervals of size 10.

(ii) Make a histogram to represent the data.

15. A travel agency received 120 enquiries for different holiday

packages to various destinations. Of all the enquiries received, 40
were for holiday packages for Singapore and Malaysia, 26 for Hong
Kong and Macau, 20 for Thailand, 18 for Mauritius and the rest for
various other destinations. Represent the data as a pie graph.

1. State whether the statement is true or false.

(i) The two perpendicular lines in the Cartesian plane are called the
coordinate axes.
(ii) The point (4, 5) is the same as the point (5, 4) in the Cartesian
plane.
(iii) The points (2, 3) and (3, 2) are on the opposite side of the y-axis.
(iv) The portion of the x-axis to the right of the y-axis is negative.
(v) The portion of the y-axis above the x-axis is positive.
(vi) In a point (a, b), a is called the x-coordinate and b is called the y-
coordinate.

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2. Find the coordinates of the vertices of the quadrilateral shown in
the cartesian plane.

3. Juhi is at point A(3, 2). She moves 5 units towards the east and then
3 units north. Then, she moves 2 units west and then 1 unit south.
She, then again, moves 5 units east and finally 2 units south. Trace
her movement on a Cartesian plane. How many units away is Juhi
from the starting point at the end of her journey?
4. Plot the points A(–2, 4), B(–2, –1) and C(4, –1) in a Cartesian plane.
Join the points A, B and C. What kind of a figure is it? Find its area.
5. Find the coordinates of two points that are at a distance of 5 units
from (4, 6), if this distance is measured parallel to the x-axis.
6. In which quadrant do the following points lie?
(i) (9, 10) (ii) (7, –8) (iii) (–7, –7) (iv)(–4, 3)
7. The numbers of students admitted to different departments of a
college are given below:

Science Arts Commerce Law Education

320 560 320 160 240

Draw a pie diagram for the data.

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8. The sales (in ₹) of a shopkeeper on six days of the week are given
below:
Days 1 2 3 4 5 6
Sales (in ₹) 4000 4500 3000 3500 4800 5000

Draw a line graph representing the above data.

9. The maximum temperatures on six days of a week in the month of
June are given below.
Days 1 2 3 4 5 6
Temp (°C): 42 44 40 39 42 44

Draw a graph representing the data.

10. The distances covered by two cars, Car A and Car B in different
periods of time are given below:
(i) Find the distance covered by Car A in 50 minutes.
(ii) Find the distance covered by Car B in 45 minutes.

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11. Draw a line graph representing the following data:

Year 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Number of 12 12.5 13 13.2 13.5
men
Number of 11.3 11.9 13 13.6 12.8
women

12. Draw a line graph for the following:

Side of the square (in 2 3 3.5 5 6

cm)
Perimeter (in cm) 8 12 14 20 24

Solutions
Checkpoint -1
2.

a) 2
b) 9
c) 10
d) 4;
3.

a) 7
b) 29
c) 9
d) 8;
4. A (3, 2), B (6, 2), C (5, 1), D (2, 1), Add:

5. (8, 5)

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6. Triangle

Checkpoint -2
1.
a) y = 3, 7, 11, 15
b) y = 12, 24, 36, 48, 60
c) y = 0,5,10, 15, 20
2. (a) 1,4,7,10,13,16 (b) 10,20,30,40,50,60
5.
a) 270 km
b) 75 km/h
6. Yes

Novice level

1 marks questions
Multiple-choice questions
1. a)
2. d)
3. a)
4. a)
5. d)
6. c)
7. c)
2 Marks questions :
1. Rectangle. Perimeter = 14, Area = 12
4. (0, 0)
5. P = (–3, –7); Q·= (2, 11); R = (–7, 3) .S = (2, –9); T = (–5, 0); V = (0, –7)

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3 Marks questions :
6. A (8,8) lies in the first quadrant.
B (–2, 7) lies in the second quadrant.
C (5, –10) lies in the fourth quadrant.
D (–4, –4) lies in the third quadrant.
E (0, 3) lies on y-axis.
F (–9, 0) lies on x axis
7. (i) 3rd Quadrant (ii) 2nd Quadrant
(iii) 1st Quadrant (iv) 4th Quadrant
8. (i) (–5,–3) (ii) (5, –2) (iii) (1, 1) (iv) (2, –2)
(v) (–3, 4) (vi) (3, 4) (vii) (–3, 2) (viii) (–3, –1)
(ix) (–6, 3)
Community Hall and House C lie in the 1st Quadrant.
High School, primary school and hospital lie in the 2nd quadrant.
House A and House B in the 3rd quadrant.
Water Tank and college in the 4th quadrant
9. (i) ₹ 30 (ii) ₹ 600
10. (i) ₹175, “No” after 9 years. (ii) 9 years

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4 Marks questions :
12

Advanced level
1. (i) T (ii) F (iii) F (iv) F (v) T (vi) T 2. E(–3, 3), F(1, 6), G(6, 2), H(2, –1)
3. 8 units
4. Right-angled triangle; Area = 15 sq. units
5. (9, 6) and (–1, 6) 6. (i) I (ii) IV (iii) III (iv) II
7.

10.(i) 60 km
(ii) 50 km
12. Yes

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