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Grade 9 Notes Geography Term 4

The document covers Grade 9 Social Sciences Term 4 notes on Geography, focusing on resource use and sustainability. It discusses the distinction between renewable and non-renewable resources, the negative impacts of unsustainable practices, and the importance of sustainable resource management. Additionally, it addresses food security challenges and the role of science and technology in sustainable farming practices.

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757 views3 pages

Grade 9 Notes Geography Term 4

The document covers Grade 9 Social Sciences Term 4 notes on Geography, focusing on resource use and sustainability. It discusses the distinction between renewable and non-renewable resources, the negative impacts of unsustainable practices, and the importance of sustainable resource management. Additionally, it addresses food security challenges and the role of science and technology in sustainable farming practices.

Uploaded by

ntombifuthividima
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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📚 Grade 9 Social Sciences — Term 4 Notes & Revision Questions

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🗺 Geography: Resource Use & Sustainability

*(This is the Term 4 geography topic under CAPS / Platinum) *

1. Uses of Natural Resources

Natural resources = materials from the Earth that people use (water,
minerals, forests, soil, wildlife, fossil fuels, etc.)

Renewable vs Non-renewable

• Renewable resources can be replenished (if managed well) — e.g. forests,


freshwater, solar energy, fish.

• Non-renewable resources are finite — e.g. coal, oil, natural gas, minerals
(iron, gold).

People use resources for food, energy, building materials, industries,


manufacturing, transport, etc.

2. Effects of Unwise / Unsustainable Use

Over-exploitation leads to resource depletion (e.g. overfishing, overgrazing).


Environmental degradation (soil erosion, desertification, deforestation,
reduced biodiversity).

Pollution (water, air, soil) from mining, industrial waste, chemical use.

Conflicts over scarce resources (water wars, land disputes).

Economic effects: loss of livelihoods (especially for rural communities),


increased poverty.

3. Sustainable Use of Resources

Sustainability = use of resources in ways that meet present needs without


compromising future generations’ ability to meet their needs.

Unsustainable = use faster than nature can replenish, or causing irreversible


damage.

Ways to use sustainably:

• Sustainable fishing — quotas, seasonal bans, protected marine areas.

• Sustainable grazing / land use — rotational grazing, controlled stocking,


rest periods for land.

• Reforestation, afforestation, conservation efforts.

• Recycling, reducing waste, reusing materials.

• Using renewable energy sources (solar, wind, hydro).

• Government policies, regulation, environmental impact assessments.

• Role of consumers, businesses, communities: choosing sustainable


products, reducing carbon footprint, awareness.
4. Food Resources

Food security = when all people at all times have physical, social, and
economic access to sufficient, safe, nutritious food.

Challenges: climate change, extreme weather, pests, soil degradation, water


scarcity, population growth.

Role of science & technology:

• Factory / intensive farming (high yield in smaller land areas)

• Genetic modification / selective breeding

• Irrigation technology, fertilizers, pesticides

• Hydroponics, vertical farming

Sustainable farming / techniques: crop rotation, agroforestry, organic


farming, conservation agriculture, permaculture, integrated pest
management.

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