Principles of Management

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 Principles of Management
Solved Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Principles of Management introduces students to the foundational concepts, theories,

and practices involved in managing organizations effectively. The course explores key

managerial functions such as planning, organizing, leading, and controlling, while also

examining decision-making, strategic management, communication, motivation, and

leadership within diverse organizational settings. Through case studies and real-world

examples, students gain insight into how managers coordinate resources, foster

teamwork, and adapt to changes in the business environment, equipping them with

essential skills for leadership and management roles in various industries.

Recommended Textbook
Essentials of Organizational Behavior 2nd Edition by Terri A. Scandura

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 Chapter 1: What Is Organizational Behavior?
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Sample Questions
Q1) Prosocial motivation is ______.
A) a new concept of motivation that assesses the degree of how employees behave that
benefits no one
B) a new concept of motivation that assesses the degree of how employees behave that
benefits everyone
C) the first concept of motivation that assesses the degree of how employees behave
that benefits themselves
D) the newest concept of motivation that assesses the degree of how employees
behave that benefits themselves
Answer: B

Q2) According to a recent survey, what did senior managers indicate was a behavior
displayed by high-performing managers?
A) empowering the team
B) takes a hands-off approach to career development
C) does not ask employees about their personal state of well-being
D) allows the team to create their own vision
Answer: A

Q3) Identify the various levels of analysis within organizational behavior.

Answer: Individual, dyad, group and team, and organizational and industry

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 Chapter 2: Personality and Person–Environment Fit
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Sample Questions
Q1) Individual differences are easily changed by management interventions.
A)True
B)False
Answer: FALSE

Q2) In the Type ABCD personality theory, which type is nice, self-sacrificing, and
compliant as well as trying to appease others?
A) Type B
B) Type D
C) Type A
D) Type C
Answer: D

Q3) Which of the following Big 5 personality traits describes a person who is outgoing,
talkative, and sociable as well as enjoys social situations?
A) openness
B) neuroticism
C) extraversion
D) agreeableness
Answer: C

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 Chapter 3: Emotions and Moods
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is a characteristic of mindlessness?
A) I forget a person's name almost as soon as I've been told it for the first time.
B) I find myself making time for employees who need my help.
C) I find myself listening intently to others.
D) I remain in the moment regardless of the situation.
Answer: A

Q2) Which of the following is an area that organizational neuroscience may help
behavioral scientists better understand?
A) negative affect
B) emotional intelligence
C) understanding what happens in the brain when emotions are experienced by people
in organizations
D) econometrics
Answer: C

Q3) Describe ways to deal with jobs that require one to suppress affect.
Answer: Varies. Jobs that require employees to suppress affect are said to require
emotional labor. Following scripts can help control emotions. Emotional contagion can
spread positive/negation affect throughout a group. Fake it until you make it.

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 Chapter 4: Attitudes and Job Satisfaction
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is defined as the degree to which an employee is aware of the
costs of leaving an organization?
A) job commitment
B) continuance commitment
C) affective commitment
D) normative commitment

Q2) According to research, employee engagement has been shown to be positively

related to which of the following______.
A) customer satisfaction
B) accidents on the job
C) low productivity
D) reduced profits

Q3) The three components of attitude are______.

A) unimportant
B) typically unrelated and converge
C) typically related and converge
D) typically related and divergent

Q4) Describe which component of organizational commitment is most important.

Q5) Describe the facets of job satisfaction. Which facet do you think is most important?

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 Chapter 5: Perception, Decision Making, and Problem

Solving
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Sample Questions
Q1) A person who cannot prioritize activities in order of importance demonstrates
______.
A) rational decision-making
B) decisiveness
C) indecisiveness
D) bounded rationality

Q2) Describe common perceptual biases with examples.

Q3) Which of the following examples highlight the contrast effect when a leader provides
a performance evaluation for a subordinate?
A) Comparing the employee with other people recently encountered who rank higher or
lower on similar characteristics.
B) Comparing the employee's most recent performance with overall expectations of
performance.
C) Comparing the employee's performance with leader expectations for what the job
role requires.
D) Comparing the employee's performance with his or her performance from the last
evaluation period

Q4) Describe Amabile's three-component model of creativity.

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Q5) Why is perception important in the workplace?

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 Chapter 6: Leadership
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Sample Questions
Q1) All organizations need managers, but not all organizations need leaders.
A)True
B)False

Q2) The best type of follower reaction to authority is ______.

A) codependent
B) counterdependent
C) interdependent
D) dependent

Q3) The expectancy theory of motivation is employed to explain the motivation process
in ______.
A) supportive leadership
B) participative leadership
C) achievement-oriented leadership
D) path-goal theory

Q4) According to a global survey by Edelman, how many people recommend a trusted
business to a friend or colleague?
A) 92%
B) 79%
C) 59%
D) 30%

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 Chapter 7: Power and Politics
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Sample Questions
Q1) A precursor to high POP can be ______.
A) job ambiguity
B) job satisfaction
C) turnover intentions
D) unethical leadership

Q2) This term describes the behaviors of individuals who act in a self-serving manner to
obtain valued outcomes ______.
A) general political behavior
B) go along to get ahead
C) pay and promotion
D) impression managers

Q3) Mattea's boss often looks for the backing of other influential managers in the
organization to get things done. This is known as ______.
A) lines of reference
B) lines of information
C) lines of support
D) lines of personal power

Q4) Describe negative consequences of perception of organizational politics and how to

mitigate them.

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 Chapter 8: Motivation: Core Concepts
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Sample Questions
Q1) Bernard is a back room accountant who never meets the clients who benefit from his
work. By introducing him to these clients, he may perceive his impact on them and feel
affectively committed to them, thereby enabling him to maintain his motivation. This is
an example of ______.
A) horizontal loading
B) job enrichment
C) establishing client relationships
D) job rotation

Q2) A meta-analysis found that grit is strongly correlated with ______.

A) performance
B) retention
C) sustainability
D) conscientiousness

Q3) All employees welcome the redesign of their work.

A)True
B)False

Q4) Moral outrage is a severe reaction to perceived injustice.

A)True
B)False

Q5) Discuss the components of SMART goals and provide an example.

Page 10
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 Chapter 9: Motivation: Applications
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following theories examines a person's needs for autonomy and
competence?
A) social learning theory
B) reinforcement theory
C) self-determination theory
D) expectancy theory

Q2) One's ______ and image may be enhanced through the five strategies of feedback
seeking.
A) self-perception
B) temperament
C) timing
D) target

Q3) When a specified behavior is no longer rewarded or punished every time but
rewarded or punished on a more random basis, it is which type of schedule of
reinforcement?
A) variable-interval
B) variable-ratio
C) partial
D) continuous

Q4) Critique the performance review process.

Page 11
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 Chapter 10: Group Processes and Teams
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to recent research, empowerment behaviors account for nearly 30% of the
variance in team learning.
A)True
B)False

Q2) One way leaders can prevent social loafing is by ______.

A) having a large team to pick up the extra work
B) waiting for the problem to resolve itself
C) setting meaningful goals
D) explaining norms

Q3) In the ______ decision-making process, everyone can say they have been heard
and will support the final decision.
A) Delphi method
B) Nominal group technique
C) Brainstorming
D) Consensus

Q4) A work group interacts primarily to ______.

A) commit to a common purpose
B) share information with other members
C) be mutually accountable
D) share performance goals

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 Chapter 11: Managing Conflict and Negotiation
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Q1) The strength of the compromising conflict-handling style is ______.
A) It should provide a mutually benefits (win-win) solution and result in the conflict being
resolved for the long term.
B) It might be the best approach if the person is not sure they are right about a preferred
course of action or it is politically best because the matter is so important to the other
party.
C) It is quick and relatively easy.
D) Everyone gets something in a compromise.

Q2) Compare and contrast the five conflict resolution styles.

Q3) Which of the following is the last step in the negotiation process?
A) closing the deal
B) implementing the agreement
C) information using
D) relationship building

Q4) Distributive bargaining is approached as a zero-sum game.

A)True
B)False

Q5) Describe some causes of conflict in organizations.

Q6) Compare and contrast task and relationship conflict.

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Q7) Compare and contrast integrative and distributive bargaining.

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 Chapter 12: Organizational Communication
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following communication network is slightly less centralized than the
all-channel network since two persons are closer to the center of the network?
A) circle
B) Y-pattern
C) chain
D) all-channel

Q2) Due to their brevity, text messages will probably ______.

A) become a standard practice in business communication
B) develop norms where text jargon is appropriate in business settings
C) increase the workload of electronically savvy workers
D) not replace e-mail as the primary means of communications in business settings

Q3) Which of the following refers to e-mail or other electronic communication directed
at a specific person that causes substantial emotional distress and serves no legitimate
purpose?
A) e-harassment
B) netiquette
C) grapevine
D) downward communication

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 Chapter 13: Diversity and Cross-Cultural Adjustments
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Q1) Which of the following dimensions of Hofstede's cultural values is a focus on people
over material things?
A) relationship orientation
B) uncertainty avoidance
C) power distance
D) collectivism-individualism

Q2) Another term for Confucian dynamism is short-term orientation.

A)True
B)False

Q3) Relinquishing cultural heritage and adopting the beliefs and behaviors of the new
culture is known as ______.
A) avoidance
B) marginalization
C) assimilation
D) separation

Q4) Which of the following are true of the GLOBE project?

A) involved 170 social scientists and scholars the United States
B) collected, analyzed, and interpreted data from both employees and managers
C) unrelated to Hofstede's cultural value framework
D) reviewed the relationship of government to organizational processes

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 Chapter 14: Organizational Culture
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following are the most visible, but often not decipherable, elements of
organizational culture?
A) assumptions
B) artifacts and creations
C) espoused values
D) enacted values

Q2) Which of the following is the specific terminology, jargon, or acronyms used in an
organization that represents the organizational culture?
A) stories
B) language
C) rituals
D) symbols

Q3) Identify and describe the four organizational culture values that appear to be
important in most cultures.

Q4) Compare and contrast organizational culture and climate.

Q5) Define organizational culture in your own words.

Q6) Explain how employees learn organizational culture through the socialization
process.

Q7) Identify and describe the four ways that

Pageemployees
16 learn organizational culture.

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 Chapter 15: Leading Change and Stress Management
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Sample Questions
Q1) ING realized they needed to stop thinking traditionally about product marketing and
start understanding ______.
A) transformational leadership
B) accommodating employees
C) flexibility
D) customer journeys

Q2) Myranda wants to implement team-based work in her organization that has always
done things individually. In this example, the refreezing step might look like which of the
following statements:
A) Discuss the needs for the change.
B) Show a new organizational chart to employees, showing that teams are the new way
that work will be organized.
C) Challenge assumptions regarding working alone and getting rewarded for individual
effort.
D) Offering team rewards and reinforcing the new way work is organized.

Q3) Preventive stress management is a set of methods that promote health at the
workplace and avoid distress.
A)True
B)False

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