Conditional statements

1. if
2. if..else
3. Nested if
4. if-elif statements.
1) If Statement

Syntax:-
if condition:
# Statements to execute if condition is true

Example

# if statement example
if 10 > 5:
print("10 greater than 5")

print("Program ended")

2) if else Statement

Syntax:-

if (condition):
# Executes this block if condition is true
else:
# Executes this block if condition is false

Example
# if..else statement example
x=3
if x == 4:
print("Yes")
else:
print("No")

3) Nested if..else

Syntax:-
if outer_condition:
# Code executed if outer_condition is True
if inner_condition:
# Code executed if both outer_condition and inner_condition are
True
print("Both conditions are true.")
else:
# Code executed if outer_condition is True but inner_condition is
False
print("Outer condition is true, inner is false.")
else:
# Code executed if outer_condition is False
print("Outer condition is false.")

Example

age = 25
is_student = True

if age >= 18:

print("Eligible to vote.")
if is_student:
print("You are also eligible for a student discount.")
else:
print("No student discount applies.")
else:
print("Not eligible to vote.")
 4) if-elif

Syntax:-
if-elif Statement Syntax
if (condition):
statement
elif (condition):
statement
else:
statement

Examples:-

# Ask the user to enter a number

number = int(input("Enter a number: "))

# Check if the number is positive, negative, or zero

if number > 0:
print("The number is positive.")
elif number < 0:
print("The number is negative.")
else:
print("The number is zero.")
Que1) a Write a program to check if a number is positive, negative, or zero.

# Get input from the user

num = float(input("Enter a number: "))

# Check the number

if num > 0:
print("The number is positive.")
elif num < 0:
print("The number is negative.")
else:
print("The number is zero.")

b Write a program to find the largest of three numbers.

a = float(input("Enter first number: "))

b = float(input("Enter second number: "))
c = float(input("Enter third number: "))

if a >= b and a >= c:

largest = a
elif b >= a and b >= c:
largest = b
else:
largest = c

print("The largest number is:", largest)

c Write a program to check if a number is even or odd.

num = int(input("Enter a number: "))

if num % 2 == 0:
print(num, "is even.")
else:
print(num, "is odd.")

For Loop
Syntax:-

for variable in iterable:

# Code block to be executed for each item

Examples
for i in range(1, 6):
print(i)

Output:-
1
2
3
4
5

for i in range(6):
print(i)
Output:-
0
1
2
3
4
5

for i in range(0, 10, 2):

print(i)
Output:-
02468

string = "Hello World"

for x in string:
print(x)
Output
H
e
l
l
o
 W
o
r
l
d

iterable: This is the sequence or collection that you want to iterate over.
Examples include:

Lists: [1, 2, 3]

Tuples: ('a', 'b', 'c')

Strings: "hello"
range() function: range(5) (generates numbers from 0 to 4)
The range() function is commonly used with for loops to generate a sequence
of numbers. It can take one, two, or three arguments:
 range(stop): Generates numbers from 0 to stop-1.
 range(start, stop): Generates numbers from start to stop-1.
 range(start, stop, step): Generates numbers from start to stop-1,
incrementing by step.

For Loop for the Tuple

fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]

for x in fruits:
print(x)

Output

apple
banana
cherry

For Loop for the List

or x in [11,12,13,14]:

print(x)
Output
11
12
13
14

While Loop

Syntax:-
while condition:
# Code block to execute repeatedly
# as long as the condition is True

Explanation:
 The condition is evaluated before each iteration.
 If the condition is True, the code inside the loop runs.
 After running the code, it checks the condition again.
 When the condition becomes False, the loop stops.
Example:
count = 1
while count <= 5:
print(count)
count += 1 # Increment to eventually end the loop

2 a Write a program to find the factorial of a number using a while loop.

num = int(input("Enter a non-negative integer: "))

if num < 0:
print("Factorial is not defined for negative
numbers.")
else:
factorial = 1
for i in range(1, num + 1):
factorial *= i # factorial = factorial * i
print(f"The factorial of {num} is {factorial}.")

b Write a program to print the first 10 natural numbers using a while

loop
num = 1
 while num <= 10:
print(num)
num=num+1

C Write a program to print all even numbers between 1 and 50.

num = 2 # Start from the first even number greater than 1

while num <= 50:

print(num)
num += 2 # Increment by 2 to get the next even number

3 a Write a program to find the sum of all numbers in a given range

start = int(input("Enter the start of the range: "))

end = int(input("Enter the end of the range: "))

total_sum = 0

# Loop from start to end (inclusive)

for num in range(start, end + 1):
total_sum += num # total_sum = total_sum + num

print(f"The sum of all numbers from {start} to {end} is

{total_sum}")

b Write a program to check if a given year is a leap year.

# Input the year

year = int(input("Enter a year: "))

# Check leap year using a single condition

if (year % 4 == 0 and year % 100 != 0) or (year % 400 == 0):
print(f"{year} is a leap year.")
else:
print(f"{year} is not a leap year.")
C Write a program to print the multiplication table of a given number.

# Input the number

num = int(input("Enter a number to print its multiplication
table: "))

# Loop from 1 to 10
for i in range(1, 11):
print(f"{num} x {i} = {num * i}")

4 A. Write a program to count the number of digits in a number.

# Input number from user

num = int(input("Enter a number: "))

# Initialize count variable

count = 0

# Make sure to handle zero separately because while loop

won't run for zero
if num == 0:
count = 1
else:
# Use absolute value to handle negative numbers
num = abs(num)

# Count digits by dividing the number by 10 until it becomes

0
while num > 0:
num = num // 10 # Integer division by 10 removes last
digit
count += 1

print("Number of digits:", count)

b Write a program to reverse a given number.

# Input number from user
num = int(input("Enter a number: "))

# Initialize variable to store reversed number

reversed_num = 0

# Use absolute value to handle negative numbers

temp = abs(num)

# Reverse the number

while temp > 0:
digit = temp % 10 # Get last digit
reversed_num = reversed_num * 10 + digit # Add digit to reversed
number
temp = temp // 10 # Remove last digit

# If original number was negative, make reversed number negative

if num < 0:
reversed_num = -reversed_num

print("Reversed number:", reversed_num)

c. Write a program to check if a given number is a palindrome.

# Input number from user

num = int(input("Enter a number: "))

# Store the original number to compare later

original_num = num

# Initialize variable to store reversed number

reversed_num = 0

# Use absolute value to handle negative numbers

temp = abs(num)

# Reverse the number

while temp > 0:
digit = temp % 10
reversed_num = reversed_num * 10 + digit
 temp = temp // 10

# If original number was negative, reversed number should also

be negative
if num < 0:
reversed_num = -reversed_num

# Check if original number and reversed number are the same

if num == reversed_num:
print(num, "is a palindrome.")
else:
print(num, "is not a palindrome.")

5 A Write a program to find the sum of the digits of a number.

# Input number from user

num = int(input("Enter a number: "))

# Use absolute value to handle negative numbers

temp = abs(num)

# Initialize sum variable

digit_sum = 0

# Calculate sum of digits

while temp > 0:
digit = temp % 10
digit_sum += digit
temp = temp // 10

print("Sum of the digits:", digit_sum)

b Write a program to print all prime numbers between 1 and 100.

# Python program to display all the prime numbers within an

interval
lower = 900
upper = 1000

print("Prime numbers between", lower, "and", upper, "are:")

for num in range(lower, upper + 1):

# all prime numbers are greater than 1
if num > 1:
for i in range(2, num):
if (num % i) == 0:
break
else:
print(num)
#################
for num in range(2, 101):
is_prime = True
for i in range(2, num):
if num % i == 0:
is_prime = False
break
if is_prime:
print(num)

C Write a program to find the greatest common divisor (GCD) of two

a = 60 # first number
b = 110 # second number

while a != b:
if a > b:
a -= b # subtract b from a if a is greater
else:
b -= a # subtract a from b if b is greater

print(b)
6 A Write a program to check if a given string is a palindrome.

text = input("Enter a string: ")

# Remove spaces and convert to lowercase

text = [Link](" ", "").lower()

is_palindrome = True
length = len(text)

for i in range(length // 2):

if text[i] != text[length - 1 - i]:
is_palindrome = False
break

if is_palindrome:
print("It's a palindrome!")
else:
print("It's not a palindrome.")

B)Write a program to print the Fibonacci series up to a given number of

terms.

# Get number of terms from the user

n = int(input("Enter the number of terms: "))
# First two terms
a, b = 0, 1
count = 0
print("Fibonacci series:")

while count < n:

print(a)
a, b = b, a + b
count += 1
c) Write a program to count the number of vowels in a given string.

# Get input from the user

text = input("Enter a string: ")
 # Define vowels
vowels = "aeiouAEIOU"

# Initialize count
count = 0

# Loop through each character in the string

for char in text:
if char in vowels:
count += 1

# Print the result

print("Number of vowels:", count)

7 A) Write a program to find the sum of all even numbers in a given list.
# Example list (you can change or get input from user)
numbers = [10, 15, 20, 25, 30]

# Initialize sum
even_sum = 0

# Loop through the list

for num in numbers:
if num % 2 == 0:
even_sum += num

# Print the result

print("Sum of even numbers:", even_sum)

B) Write a program to check if a given number is a perfect number

num = int(input("Enter a number: "))
total = 0

for i in range(1, num):

if num % i == 0:
total += i

if total == num:
print("It is a perfect number.")
else:
 print("It is not a perfect number.")

8 A) Write a python program to accept any no. and find the count of
even, odd & zero digits within that number.

# Get input from the user

number = input("Enter a number: ")

# Initialize counters
even_count = 0
odd_count = 0
zero_count = 0

# Loop through each character in the input

for i in number:
if [Link]():
i = int(i)
if i == 0:
zero_count += 1
elif i % 2 == 0:
even_count += 1
else:
odd_count += 1

# Print the results

print("Even digits:", even_count)
print("Odd digits:", odd_count)
print("Zero digits:", zero_count)

b) Write a python program to accept a number and find the sum of

1st and last digit of that number.

# Get input from the user as a string

number = input("Enter a number: ")

# Extract first and last digit

first_digit = int(number[0])
last_digit = int(number[-1])

# Calculate the sum

sum_digits = first_digit + last_digit

# Print the result

print("Sum of first and last digit:", sum_digits)

9 a) Write a python program to calculate the length of string without

using inbuilt function.
 string = input("Enter a string: ")

count = 0
for char in string:
count += 1

print("Length of the string is:", count)

b) Write a python program to copy one string into another string.

original = input("Enter a string: ")

# Copying character by character

copy = ""
for char in original:
copy += char

# Output
print("Original string:", original)
print("Copied string: ", copy)

10) Write a Python program to add 'ing' at the end of a given string (length
should be at least 3). If the given string already ends with 'ing' then add 'ly'
instead. If the string length of the given string is less than 3, leave it
unchanged.
Sample Input: 'run'
Expected Output: 'runing'
Sample Input: : 'string'
Expected Output: : 'stringly'

word = input("Enter a word: ")

# Check length
if len(word) < 3:
result = word
elif [Link]("ing"):
result = word + "ly"
else:
result = word + "ing"

# Print result
print("Result:", result)