Encapsulation
13 August 2025 07:36
Encapsulation:
-------------------------
It is phenomenon of providing security to data members or the variables and the methods
stored inside the class by restricting the access to objects.
Access Specifiers
--------------------------
These are the members of the class which will tell whether user can access them outside
the class or not.
3 types:
--------------
1) Public access specifier
2) Protected access specifier
3) Private access specifier
• Public access specifier
------------------------------
It is member of the class which will allow the user to access and modify them outside
the class.
Syntax:
class Cname:
Var = value
def mname(self,args):
--------- sb
@classmethod
def mname1(cls,args):
---------sb
@staticmethod
def method(args):
---------sb
Example :
class Z :
def __init__(self,a):
New Section 2 Page 1
def __init__(self,a):
self.a = a
def add(self,a,b):
return a+b
obj1 = Z(10)
obj2 = Z(20)
• Protected access specifiers
--------------------------------------
- This protected acts like public in python
- Which can also be access and modify outside class
- Exactly works like public access specifiers
- There is only one difference is syntax
Syntax:
class Cname:
_var = value
def _mname(self,args):
--------- sb
@classmethod
def _mname1(cls,args):
---------sb
@staticmethod
def _method(args):
---------sb
• Private access specifier
----------------------------------
- Which can be access and modify only inside the class, which will not allow the user to
access and modify outside the class.
Syntax:
class Cname:
__var = value
def __mname(self,args):
--------- sb
@classmethod
New Section 2 Page 2
@classmethod
def __mname1(cls,args):
---------sb
@staticmethod
def __method(args):
---------sb
class Company:
Cname = 'IBM'
Ceo = 'Arvind Krishna'
__no_emp = 1000
loc = 'Benguluru'
def __init__(self,ename,eid,eph,email,esal):
self.ename = ename
self.eid = eid
self.__eph = eph
self.email = email
self.__esal = esal
def disp(self):
print(self.ename,self.eid,self.email)
def __ch_sal(self,new):
self.__esal = new
@classmethod
def display(cls):
print(cls.Cname,cls.Ceo,cls.loc)
e1 = Company('Ruchitha',10113,89456230,'ruchitha@gmail',100000)
e1.disp()
print(Company.__no_emp)
3 methods
------------------
1. Syntax method
2. Using getter and setter functions
3. Property decorator
• Syntax method
---------------------
Access ---> Cname/obj._Cname__var/method(args)
New Section 2 Page 3
Access ---> Cname/obj._Cname__var/method(args)
Modify ---> Cname/obj._Cname__var/method = new_val
print(Company._Company__no_emp)
Company._Company__no_emp = 2000
print(Company._Company__no_emp)
• Using getter and setter functions
-----------------------------------------------
We will be creating the methods to get the values and set the values.
Syntax:
class Cname:
def __init__(self,var):
self.__var = var
def get_var(self):
return self.__var
def set_var(self,new):
self.__var = new
Obj = Cname(val)
class Cname:
def __init__(self,var):
self.__var = var
def get_var(self):
return self.__var
def set_var(self,new):
self.__var = new
obj = Cname(1200)
print(obj.get_var())
obj.set_var(1300)
print(obj.get_var())
• Property Decorator:
----------------------------
It is used to access any pvt member of class or object directly outside the class using a
general syntax (cls.pname,obj.pname)
class Company:
def __init__(self,sal):
self.__sal = sal
@property
def sal(self):
return self.__sal
New Section 2 Page 4
@sal.setter
def sal(self,new):
self.__sal = new
e1 = Company(25000)
print(e1.sal)
e1.sal = 30000
print(e1.sal)
New Section 2 Page 5
